Health care

1. “COMPARE PROFITABILITY AND RISKS OF
DIFFERENT INVESTMENTS"
(A Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Master of Business Administration in JNTU)
Submitted by
SRIRAM GANESH
20211E0006
MBA II YEAR
INTERNSHIP MENTOR
DR. P. NAGARAJU
Associate Professor
B V RAJU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Narsapur, Medak Dist.
2020-2022

2. DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the Internship report entitled “Compare Profitability
and Risk of Different Investments” of “MedTourEasy” is uniquely
prepared by me. I further declare that I did not submit this report to any other
institution for awarding any degree of certificate.
SRIRAM GANESH
(20211E0006)

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this opportunity to record my gratitude to all those who helped me
complete the Internship.
I take immense pleasure in thanking DR. P. NAGARAJU, Associate
Professor for having permitted me to carry out this Internship.
Finally, I wish to express my profound thanks to all the in charges without
whosesupport, completion ofthis in internship would have been impossible.
Submitted by:
SRIRAM GANESH
(20211E0006)

4. TABLE OF CONTENTS
CH. NO. PARTICULARS PAGE NO
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 2
SCOPEOF THE STUDY 3
NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF
THE STUDY OF THE STUDY
3
METHODOLOGY OF STUDY 4
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 6
CHAPTER II COMPANYPROFILE 7
CHAPTER III
DATA ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION
15
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION 30

6. CHAPTER – I
INTRODUCTION

7. INTRODUCTION:
India is a developing country. Now days many people are interested
to invest in financial markets especially on equities to get high returns, and
to save tax in honest way. Equities are playing a major role in contribution
of capital to the business from the beginning. Since the introduction of
shares concept, large number of investors are showing interest to invest in
stock market.
As we all know human expectations are neither quantifiable nor
predictable. If prices are based on investor expectations, then knowing what
security should sell for becomes less important than knowing what other
investors expect it to sell for. That’s not to say that knowing what security
should sell for isn’t important. But there is usually a fairly strong consensus
of a stock’s future earnings that the average investor cannot disprove.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:
The objective of this project is to deeply analyse for investment
purpose by monitoring the growth rate and performance on the basis of
historical data.
The main objectives of Internship study are:
To analyse the financial health of selected companies’ stock.
To examine the growth of selected sector in Indian capital market.
To prepare comparative study of top companies.
To study the fluctuations in share prices of selected companies.
To study the risk involved in the securities of selected companies.

8. To check company’s performance on the basis of historical data.
To study and examine the relevance of fundamental analysis in investment
decisions making process.
To analyse which company is giving best returns to the shareholders.
SCOPEOF THE STUDY:
The present study is focussed on analysing the risk and return on
investment in bullion and equity market. Although there are many studies
available on the Risk – Return on investment in general, no specific study
has been undertaken to study on Risk – Return analysis of investment in
bullion and equity. The findings of the study will help to improve the
investor awareness for the right time of investment in bullion and equity
market.
NEED OF THE STUDY:
The primary need of the study is to help the investors in identifying
the best Companies to invest their funds and also reduce the risk of loss.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
Research design or research methodology is the procedure of
collecting, analysing and interpreting the data to diagnose the problem and
react to the opportunity in such a way where the costs can be minimized and
the desired level of accuracy can be achieved to arrive at a particular
conclusion.

9. The sample of the stocks for the purpose of collecting secondary data has
been selected on the basis of Random Sampling. The stocks are chosen in
an unbiased manner and each stockis chosenindependent ofthe other stocks
chosen. The stocks are chosen from the sector.
The sample size for the number of stocks is taken as 5 for fundamental
analysis of stocks as fundamental analysis is very exhaustive and requires
detailed study.
SOURCE OF DATA:
Sources ofdata may be classified into primary and secondarysources.
Primary sources are original sources from which the researcher directly
collects data from the customer.
Secondarydata has been collected from various sources to analyse the
fundamentals. The secondary data are collected from the BSE, NSE,
moneycontrol.com, articles, magazine, journals and various websites etc.
TECHNICAL SUPPORT:
The study of the research is based on technical support like MS -
EXCEL which is used for calculation purposeand graphical representation.

10. LIMITATIONS:
Like other studies, this study also has its own limitations. They are: -
The analysis is completely based on the secondary data collected from the
website of NSE, published literature, annual report, etc., and so the finding
of the study entirely depends on the accuracy of such data.
Different experts have different opinions regarding the analysis of equity
shares, therefore, the view used in this study can’t be treated as the absolute
and perfect.
The Researcher uses some statistical tools for analysing and interpreting the
collected data. Therefore, the analysis is affected by the nature limitations
of the statistical tools.
The study is limited to the companies having equities.
Detailed studyofthe topic was not possibledueto limited size ofthe project.
The scope of the study is limited for a period of 45 days.
The study of the project depends upon only Historical data.

11. CHAPTER – II
COMPANY PROFILE

12. COMPANY PROFILE:
MedTourEasy, a global healthcare company, provides you the
informational resources needed to evaluate your global options. It helps you
find the right healthcare solution based on specific health needs, affordable
care while meeting the quality standards that you expect to have in
healthcare. MedTourEasy improves access to healthcare for people
everywhere. It is an easy to use platform and service that helps patients to
get medical second opinions and to schedule affordable, high-quality
medical treatment abroad.
MedTourEasy, anonline medical tourism marketplace, provides you
the informational resources needed to evaluate your global options. It helps
you find the right healthcare solution based on your specific health needs,
affordable care, while meeting the quality standards that you expect to have
in healthcare.
MedTourEasy’s missionis to provide access to quality healthcare for
everyone, regardless oflocation, time frame, or budget. Patients can connect
with internationally-accredited clinics and hospitals.

13. MedTourEasyimproves access to healthcare for people everywhere.
It is an easy to use platform and service that helps patients to get medical
second opinions and to schedule affordable, high quality medical treatment
abroad.
CONNECTING PATIENTS GLOBALLY
Finding the right treatment foryour health can bea real confusing and
frustrating experience. Whether you are looking to solve a health problem
global, you need the right partner.
ACCESSIBILITY
We connect you with trusted health care providers and we partner
with internationally accredited institutions.
We are committed to upholding patient privacy and use state-of-the-art
encryption in all transactions.
MedTourEasy, an online medical tourism marketplace, provides you the
informational resources needed to evaluate your global options. It helps you
find the right healthcare solution based on your specific health needs,
affordable care, while meeting the quality standards that you expect to have
in healthcare.

14. TRANSPARENCY
We believe that when making health decisions, the more information you
have the better.
Hospitals are listed with accreditation levels, staff experience, facility
pictures, procedureprices and reviews from former patients. By using your
personal dashboard, you contact the hospital’s staff directly.
MedTourEasy’s mission is to provide access to quality healthcare for
everyone, regardless oflocation, time frame, or budget. Patients can connect
with internationally-accredited clinics and hospitals. Interested in learning
more? Take a look at our FAQ or How It Works video. If you are a patient
and have questions about your treatment options, email us at
care@www.medtoureasy.com. If you are a member of the press and
interested in covering MedTourEasy, please contact us at
press@www.medtoureasy.com.
PRIVACY
We do not and never will sell your personal data.
Simply send us an inquiry and we will help you get a personalized quote
from a specialist. Each quote includes a treatment plan and cost estimate.

15. MedTourEasy improves access to healthcare for people everywhere. It is an
easy to use platform and service that helps patients to get medical second
opinions and to schedule affordable, high quality medical treatment abroad.
MedTourEasy commitment to quality and transparency in healthcare is core
to our mission. At MedTourEasy, we integrate the same three factors that
physicians themselves agree are most important when selecting or referring
a healthcare provider (patient satisfaction, experience match, and the quality
of the hospital where a physician provides care.
MedTourEasy aspires to be the leader in making information on physicians
and hospitals more accessible and transparent. Our purpose-to give people
the confidence to make the right healthcare decisions.

16. HOW IT WORKS
MedTourEasymakes it easyto find a treatment abroad. Weprovideyou with
all the information needed to find a medical provider, to get your questions
answered, and to arrange your treatment. Here’s how it works:
1. Find trusted clinics and compare prices On MedTourEasy, you will find
specialized providers for the treatment of your choice. We list only the top
international clinics that comply with our strict quality standards. You can
compare providers by price and find more information about clinics and
treatments, as well as genuine patient reviews. We can help you to choosea
provider to meet your needs.
2. Request a personalized quote After you’ve found a provider, you can
request a personalized quote. Before we share your inquiry with hospitals
and clinics, we may request information ormedical documents to enable the
doctor, surgeon, or dentist to make an assessment of your case. If you have
not provided the needed documents in the initial inquiry, don’tworry. We’ll
send you email reminders with an overview of the missing information.
Once the required documents are ready, we’ll connect you directly with the
clinic(s) of your choosing. Alternatively, you can also request assistance
from our Care Team. We will then supportyouin finding a medical provider
to suit your circumstances, communicate with clinics on your behalf, and
help with treatment arrangements. This is a paid service – the fee is
determined by the complexity of the procedure requested.

17. 3. Get a personalized quote After receiving your inquiry, the clinic(s) will
get in touch with a personalized quote, suggested appointment dates, and
additional information on the procedure, clinic, and doctor. In some cases,
medical staff may ask you some additional questions. Clinic responsetimes
can vary as doctors and medical staff may not have time to immediately
reply to your inquiry. Take your time to review the quote(s), and do ask the
clinic treatment-related questions. A personalized quote is an estimate ofthe
costs that takes into account the anticipated scopeof the treatment based on
the information provided in your inquiry. In mostcases, it’s a notfixed-price
quotation because treatments are difficult to fully evaluate prior to a clinic
or hospital visit. The price can also vary because of changes in health,
uncovered additional illnesses, or treatment complications.
4. Book and plan your treatment If you’re happy with a proposedquoteand
wish to proceed with treatment, someclinics may ask for a depositto secure
the appointment. This is often requested to buy surgical supplies or to book
the surgeon’s time in advance. This deposit is usually fully refundable in
case your doctor decides not to proceed with the surgery during the pre-
treatment consultation, and you can choose to pay it online through
MedTourEasy (more secure) or through a bank transfer directly to the clinic.
The size of the deposit and refund conditions vary from clinic to clinic, so
be sure to clarify this in advance. Oncethe treatment dates are agreed, make
final travel arrangements like applying for a visa (if necessary) and booking
flights, accommodation, and transportation (some clinics can also help out
with these). You can also bookthese services through MedTourEasy. You’ll
be sent instructions on where and at what time you need to arrive for your
treatment, consultation, or diagnostic test.

18. 5. Travel, get treated, recover If requested, you can be picked up directly
from the airport. Upon arrival at a clinic or hospital, you’ll need to register
and fill-in a patient information form. You’ll receive all of the details in
advance from the clinic. If you’ve purchased our Care Team Assistance
service, you can reach a member of our team with any questions you have.
Post-treatment, you may need to stay at the destination for some days to
recover and for check-ups. The clinic will send this information alongside
your personalized quote. Once you’ve recovered, we’ll ask you to review
your experience to help other patients and to make sure your experience was
a positive one. We list only high-quality clinics with a great reputation.

19. CHAPTER – III
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

20. CONCEPT OF RETURN AND RISK:
There are different motives for investment. The most prominent
among all is to earn a return on investment. However, selecting investments
on the basis of return in not enough. The fact is that most investors who
invest their funds in more than one security suggest that there are
other factors, besides return, and they must be considered. The investors not
only like return but also dislike risk. So, what is required is:
 Clear understanding of what risk and return are?
 How can they be measured?
RETURN:
Return expresses the amount which an investor actually earned on an
investment during a certain period. Return includes the interest, dividend
and capital gains; while risk represents the uncertainty associated with a
particular task. In financial terms, risk is the chance or probability that a
certain investment may or may not deliver the actual/expected returns. The
risk and return trade off say that the potential return rises with an increase in
risk. It is important for an investor to decide on a balance between the desire
for the lowest possible risk and highest possible return.
RISK:
Risk in investment analysis means that future returns from an
investment are unpredictable. The concept of risk may be defined as the
possibility that the actual return may not be same as expected. In other
words, risk refers to the chance that the actual outcome (return) from an
investment will differ from an expected outcome. With reference to a firm,
risk may be defined as the possibility that the actual outcome of a financial
decision may not be same as estimated. The risk may also be considered as
a chance of variation in return. Investments having greater chances of

21. variations are considered riskier than thosewith lesser chances of variations.
Between equity shares and corporatebonds, the former is riskier than latter.
If the corporatebonds are held till maturity, then the annual interest inflows
and maturity repayment are fixed. However, in case of equity investment,
neither the dividend inflow nor the terminal price is fixed.
The greater the risk, the greater the return expected.
The objective ofrisk and return analysis is to maximize the return by
creating a balance of risk. For example, in case of working capital
management, the less inventory you keep, the higher the expected return as
less of your money is locked as asset.;but you also have a increased risk of
running out of raw material when you actually need it for production or
maintenance. Which means you lose sale. Thus, all companies tries very
hard to maintain minimum inventory as possible without effecting smooth
production. This is a very common example of risk return trade-off. In
caseof an investment in shares/stocks, Ias an investor acceptto get a better
return than fixed deposits but I am also ready to take risk of losing my
money in stock market. Hence important is to understand how much risk
one can take and invest accordingly. A lay man shall ask himself:
 How much money I canput in stocks today, andevenif I lose this
money it will not affect my way of life? If your answer is Rs1000
it means you are ready to take a risk for Rs1000.
 How much return I expect from stock in next one year? if you
want to make 12% per annum your expectation is real and you are
taking a risk of Rs1000 to make 12% per annum. By doing this a lay
man is calculating his risks and estimating a return on investment.
In fact, Risk and return are two key determinants of share prices. Greater
the risk assumed higher will be the return. Investment which carry low risk

22. such as government securities will offer a low rate of return. Any rational
investor would analyse the risk associated with the particular stock and a
thorough knowledge of risk helps him to plan his portfolio so as to
minimize the risk associated with the investment. Return on investment
may be becauseof income, capital appreciation or a positive hedge against
inflation. The degree of risk depends uponthe features of asset, investment
instruments, mode of investment etc. the wider the range of possible
outcomes, the greater the risk. The degree of risk in a particular situation
is not absolute.
It depends on the level of information available with the entity facing
the risk. When the complete information is available, the perception of the
entity differs. Two different entities may interpret the same information
differently or different expectations for the future which would lead to two
different sets of probability distribution. Hence the same set of
circumstances may translate in to different levels of risk for different
people. Further people do not make any distinction between risk and
uncertainty. Though risk and uncertainty go together, but they differ in
perception. Uncertainty refers to a situation about which the likelihood of
possible outcome is not known. It cannot be quantified. The concept of
security analysis is based on risk and return. To earn return on investment,
investment has to be made for some period which in turn implies passage
of time. Dealing with the return to be achieved requires estimate of the
return on investment on investment over the time period. Risk denotes
deviation of actual return from the estimated return. The fact that the
investors do not hold a single security which they consider most profitable
is enough to say that they are interested not only in maximization of return
but also minimization of risk. In fact, there is a positive relationship
between the amount of risk and expected return, greater the risk, larger the

23. return. One of the most difficult problems for an investor is to estimate the
highest level of risk he is able to assume.
The principle that potential return rises with an increase in risk. Low
levels of uncertainty (low risk) are associated with low potential returns,
whereas high levels of uncertainty (high risk) are associated with high
potential returns. According to the risk-return trade off, invested money can
render higher profits only if it is subject to the possibility of being lost.
Because of the risk-return trade off, you must be aware of your personal
risk tolerance when choosing investments for your portfolio. Taking on
some risk is the price of achieving returns; therefore, if you want to make
money, you can't cut out all risk. The goal instead is to find an appropriate
balance - one that generates some profit, but still allows you to sleep at
night.
IMPORTANCE OF RISK-RETURN RELATIONSHIP
The relationship between risk and return is a fundamental financial
relationship that affects expected rates of return on every existing asset
investment. The Risk-Return relationship is characterized as being a
"positive" or "direct" relationship meaning that if there are expectations of
higher levels of risk associated with a particular investment then greater
returns are required as compensation for that higher expected risk.
Alternatively,
if an investment has relatively lower levels of expected risk then investors
are satisfied with relatively lower returns. This risk-return relationship
holds for individual investors and business managers. Greater degrees of
risk must be compensated for with greater returns on investment.

24. Since investment returns reflects the degree of risk involved with the
investment, investors need to be able to determine how much of a return is
appropriate for a given level of risk. This process is referred to as "pricing
the risk". In order to price the risk, we must first be able to measure the risk
(or quantify the risk) and then we must beable to decide an appropriate price
for the risk we are being asked to bear. The entire scenario of security
analysis is built on two concepts of security:2 Return and risk. The risk and
return constitute the framework for taking investment decision. Return from
equity comprises dividend and capital appreciation. To earn return on
investment, that is, to earn dividend and to get capital appreciation,
investment has to be made for some period which in turn implies passage of
time. Dealing with the return to be achieved requires estimated of the return
on investment over the time period. Risk denotes deviation of actual return
from the estimated return. This deviation of actual return from expected
return may be on either side – both above and below the expected return.
However, investors are more concerned with the downside risk.
The risk in holding security deviation of return deviation of dividend
and capital appreciation from the expected return may arise due to internal
and external forces. That part of the risk which is internal that in unique and
related to the firm and industry is called ‘unsystematic risk’. That part ofthe
risk which is external and which affects all securities and is broad in its effect
is called ‘systematic risk’. The fact that investors do not hold a single
security which they consider most profitable is enough to say that they are
not only interested in the maximization of return, but also minimization of
risks. The unsystematic risk is eliminated through holding more diversified
securities. Systematic risk is also known as non-diversifiable risk as this
cannot be eliminated through more securities and is also called
‘market risk’. Therefore, diversification leads to risk reduction but only to

25. the minimum level of market risk. The investors increase their required
return as perceived uncertainty increases.
The rate of return differs substantially among alternative
investments, and becausethe required return on specific investments change
over time, the factors that influence the required rate of return must be
considered.
It is now clear that even with the most conservative investments you face
some element of risk. However, not investing your money is also risky.

26. RISK AND RETURN
Understanding the risks pertaining to the different investments is of
little consequence unless you’re aware of your attitude toward risk. How
much risk you can tolerate depends on many factors, such as the type of
person you are, your investment objectives, the dollar amount of your total
assets, the size of your portfolio, and the time horizon for your
investments. How nervous are you about your investments? Will you check
the prices of your stocks daily? Can you sleep at night if your stocks decline
in price below their acquisition prices? Will you call your broker every time
a stockfalls by a point or two? If so, you do not tolerate risk well, and your
portfolio should be geared toward conservative investments that generate
income through capital preservation. The percentage of your portfolio
allocated to stocks may be low to zero depending on your comfort zone. If
you are not bothered when your stocks decline in price because with a long
holding period you can wait out the decline, your portfolio of investments
can be designed with a higher percentage of stocks. Following figure
illustrates the continuum of risk tolerance.

27. CONTINUUM OF RISK TOLERANCE
A wide range of returns is associated with each type of security. For
example, the many types of common stocks, such as blue-chip stocks,
growth stocks, income stocks, and speculative stocks, react differently.
Income stocks generally are lower risk and offer returns mainly in the form
of dividends, whereas growth stocks are riskier and usually offer higher
returns in the form of capital gains. Similarly, a broad range of risks and
returns can be found for the different types of bonds. You should be aware
of this broad range of risks and returns for the different types of securities
so that you can find an acceptable level of risk for yourself

28. RISK-RETURN TRADE-OFF
The risk/return trade off could easily be called the "ability-to-sleep-at-night
test." While some people can handle the equivalent of financial skydiving
without batting an eye, others are terrified to climb the financial ladder
without a secure harness
Deciding what amount of risk, you can take while remaining
comfortable with your investments is very important. In the investing world,
the dictionary definition of risk is the chance that an investment's actual
return will be different than expected. Technically, this is measured in
statistics by standard deviation.
Risk means you have the possibility of losing some, or even all, ofour
original investment. Low levels of uncertainty (low risk) are associated with
low potential returns. High levels of uncertainty (high risk) are associated
with high potential returns.
The risk/return trade-off is the balance between the desire for the
lowest possible risk and the highest possible return. This is demonstrated
graphically in the chart below. A higher standard deviation means a higher
risk and higher possible return.

29. A common misconception is that higher risk equals greater return.
The risk/return trade off tells us that the higher risk gives us the possibility
of higher returns. There are no guarantees. Just as risk means higher
potential returns, it also means higher potential losses.
SYSTEMATIC RISK
It refers to fluctuation in return due to general factors in the market
suchas money supply, inflation, economic recessions, interest rate policy of
the government, political factors, credit policy, tax reforms, etc. These are
the factors which affect almost all firms. The effect of these factors is to
cause the prices of all securities to move together. This part of risk
arises because every security has a built-in tendency to move in line
with fluctuations in the market. No investor can avoid or eliminate this risk,
whatever precautions or diversification may be resorted to. The systematic
risk is also called the non-diversifiable risk or general risk.

30. TYPES OF SYSTEMATIC RISK
i. Market risk
Market prices of investments, particularly equity shares may fluctuate
widely within a short spanof time even though the earnings of the company
are not changing. The reasons for this change in prices may be varied. Due
to one factor or the other, investors attitude may change towards equities
resulting in the change in market price. Change in market price causes the
return from investment to vary. This is known as market risk. The market
risk refers to variability in return due to change in market price of
investment. Market risk appears becauseof reaction of investors to different
events. There are different social, economic, political and firm specific
events which affect the market price of equity shares. Market psychology is
another factor affecting market prices. In bull phases, market prices of all
shares tend to decline. In such situations, the market prices are pushed
beyond far out of line with the fundamental value.
ii. Interest rate risk
Interest rates on risk free securities and general interest rate level are
related to each other. If the risk-free rate rises or falls, the rate of interest on
the other bond securities also rises or falls. The interest rate risk refers to the
variability in return caused by the change in level of interest rates. Such
interest rate risk usually appears through the change in market price of fixed
income securities, i.e., bonds and debentures. Security (bond and
debentures) prices have an inverse relationship with the level of interest
rates. When the interest rate rises, the prices of existing securities fall and
vice-versa.

31. iii. Purchasing power risk or inflation risk
The inflation risk refers to the uncertainty ofpurchasing powerofcash
flows to be received out of investment.
It shows the impact of inflation or deflation on the investment. The
inflation risk is related to interest rate risk because as inflation increases,
the interest rates also tend to increase. The reason being that the investor
wants an additional premium for inflation risk (resulting from decrease in
purchasing power). Thus, there is an increase in interest rate. Investment
involves a postponement in present consumption. If an investor makes an
investment, he forgoes the opportunity to buy somegoods orservices during
the investment period. If, during this period, the prices of goods and services
go up, the investor loses in terms of purchasing power. The inflation risk
arises because of uncertainty of purchasing power of the amount to be
received from investment in future.
UNSYSTEMATIC RISK
The unsystematic risk represents the fluctuation in return from an
investment due to factors which are specific to the particular firm and not
the market as a whole. These factors are largely independent of the factors
affecting market in general. Since these factors are unique to a particular
firm, these must be examined separately for each firm and for each industry.
These factors may also be called firm-specific as these affects one
firm without affecting the other firms. For example, a fluctuation in price of
crude oil will affect the fortune of petroleum
but not the textile manufacturing companies. As the unsystematic risk
results from random events that tend to be unique to an industry or a firm,
this risk is random in nature. Unsystematic risk is also called specific risk or
diversifiable risk.

32. TYPES OF UNSYSTEMATIC RISK
i. Business risk
Business risk refers to the variability in incomes of the firms and
expected dividend there from, resulting from the operating condition in
which the firms have to operate. For example, if the earning or dividends
from a company are expected to increase say, by 6%, however, the actual
increase is 10% or 12 %. The variation in actual earnings than the expected
earnings refers to business risk Some industries have higher business risk
than others. So, the securities of higher business risk firms are riskier than
the securities of other firms which have lesser business risk.
ii. Financial risk
It refers to the degree of leverage or degree of debt financing used by
a firm in the capital structure. Higher the degree of debt financing, the
greater is the degree of financial risk. The presence of interest payment
brings more variability in the earning available for equity shares. This is also
known as financial leverage. A firm having lesser or no risk financing has
lesser or no financial risk.

33. MEASUREMENT OF RISK AND RETURN
No investor can predict with certainty whether the income from an
investment increase or decrease or by how much. Statistical measures can
be used to make precise measurement of risk about the estimated returns, to
gauge the extent to which the expected return and actual return are likely to
differ.
RATE OF RETURN
The rate of return may be measured as the total gain or loss to the
holder over a given period of time. It is defined as a percentage return onthe
initial amount invested. The return on Bullion and Stockmarket Investment
are measured by following formula:
Rate ofReturn = (Current price – previous price) / pervious price *100
STANDARD DEVIATION (Σ)
A measure of the dispersion of a set of data from its mean. The
standard deviation is calculated as the square root of variance. Standard
Deviation is also known as Historical volatility and is used by investors as a
gauge for the amount of expected volatility. Standard Deviation is a
statically measurement that sheds light on historical volatility.

34. CHAPTER – IV
CONCLUSION

35. CONCLUSION:
I am happy to complete my internship in MedTourEasy. The
organization where improves access to healthcare for the people everywhere
and ease to use platform and service that helps patients get medical second
opinion and affordable, high quality medical treatment and also provides a
guided project as opportunities for the new interns. To my own experience
the working environment of the organization is very inspiring and friendly
in nature. The organization is always keen to implement new techniques and
actions for improvement.