2. A TO Z PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
Programming languages:Procedural and functional
languages.
Markup languages and data formats:XML, XAML,
XUL...
Database or query languages:SQL and other
languages.
3. 'A' PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
A#: Object oriented, functional programming
language, now replaced by Aldor.
ABAP: Advanced Business Application
Programming. 1983. Cobol-like programming
language for SAP web application servers.
Asm.js.: Subset of JavaScript which runs faster. It is
implemented by Mozilla.
ALGOL: ALGOrithmic Language. 1958. Followed by
d'ALGOL 60, d'ALGOL W (Wirth) and then d'ALGOL
68. Has inspired Pascal.
4. 'B' PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
BCPL: Basic Combined Programming Language.
1966. By Martin Richards at Cambridge. Successor
to CPL, inspired from BASIC, and inspired B which in
turn inspired C.
B: 1969 Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson. Derived
from BCPL, of which it shorten the name,
predecessor of the C language.
BAL: Assembly language for the IBM 360.
BeanShell: 2000. Java-like scripting language.
5. 'C' PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
ColdFusion: 2001. Java compatible combination of
CFScript and CFML, used for dynamic web processing.
Code:Computationally-Oriented Display
Environment. Visual parallel programming system.
CPL: Combined Programming Language.
1963.Predecessor of BCPL and itself finding
inspiration in Algol 60.
Coral66: Computer On-line Real-time Applications
Language. 1964. Based on Algol 60 and Fortran, was
used by the British administration.
6. 'D' PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
D: 2000. By Walter Bright. A new version of C with
objects, dynamic arrays and a garbage collector.
DarkBASIC: 1999. Commercial PL for game creation.
Compile to C++, with a BASIC scripting extension.
Dart: 2011. A browser and server language designed
by Google to replace JavaScript, adds classes,
interfaces, mixins.
DCL: DIGITAL Command Language. ~1977. Scripting
PL used on Digital computers.
7. 'E' PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
Escapade: 1997. Server-side programming to
access databases and produce web pages.
Elixir: 2012. Functional and concurrent, run on the
Erlang VM (BEAM), with a clean Ruby-like syntax.
An elixir program can access and test its own
source code.
Emacs Lisp: Scripting the code editor.
Elm: 2012 Functional reactive programming,
compile to HTML, CSS and JavaScript.
8. 'F' PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
Focal: FOrmula CALculator. 1968. Interpreted, for
PDP-8.
FOCUS: 1975. Builds database queries.
Forth: FOuRTH. 1973. By Charles H. Moore. Stack
oriented. Used to command machines including boot
of computers.
Fortran: 1957. FORmula TRANSlator. StandardFortran
II (58), IV (61), 66, 77 (Procedural), 90, 95, 2003
(Object oriented). Language for scientific
computations. Other dialects are S-Fortran, SFtran,
QuickTran, LTRTran, HPF, Co-Array Fortran.
9. 'G' PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
Go: 2009. Created by Google, is C and Pascal-like. It
is concurrent with a garbage collector, aimed
mainly at web services.
Gosu: 2010. Java-like running on the JVM, provides
extended types.
GPSS: General Purpose Simulation System. 1972. A
system is built as transactions passedfrom one
service to another.
Groovy: 2003. OO scripting language for Java.
10. 'H' PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
Halide: 2012. By the MIT, image processing language
with a compact syntax.
Hal/S: 1968. Real-time aerospace programming
languagelanguage.
Heron: has a syntax which resembles Java, C#,
ECMAScript, and Scala. Heron is primarily an object-
oriented language, but borrows many ideas from
functional languages, and even some from array-
oriented languages.
Hack: is a programming language forHHVM. Hack
reconciles the fast development cycle of a dynamically
typed language with the discipline provided by static
typing, while adding many features commonly found in
other modern programming languages.
11. 'I' PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
ICI: 1988. C-like interpreted with garbage collector
and dynamic data model for scripting.
Icon: 1977-79. C and Pascal-like, for string
processing, is goal directed. Followed by Unicon.
IDL: Interactive Data Language. 1977. A descriptive
language inspired by Fortran and C used in science.
Inform: 1993. Design system and langage for
interactive fiction. Followed by Inform 6 (1996) and
Inform 7 (2006) based on natural language.
12. 'J' PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
JavaFX Script: 2005. Scripting for the JavaFX
interface. Dropped by Oracle, but forked under the
name Visage.
JScript: 1996. Microsoft's dialect of ECMAScript.
Similar to JavaScript, without the Java name for
trademark issues. Abandonned since IE 10.
Java: 1995 James Gosling and Sun. Running on a
virtual machine and so portable, is derivedfrom C
with objects. Each class is stored in one file.
13. 'K' PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
Korn shell: 1983. Scripting at command line
compatible with Bourne.
Kotlin: 2012. By JetBrains. Statically typed
language for the JVM or JavaScript. An
experiment to combine all p. l. theories.
14. 'L' PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
Lisp: LISt Processing. 1958 by John
McCarthy.Extensible, made of a tree with
perenthesis, influences many languages.
LYaPAS: 1964. By Academia of Sciences of Russia.
Logical Language for the Representation of
Synthesis Algorithms. Extension of APL.
15. 'M' PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
MATLAB: 1975-1978. By Cleve Moler. The
scientific and mathematical language
evolved to more diverse applications.
Miva Script: 1996. Proprietary, for
ecommerce site creation.
16. 'N' PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
Nim(formerly Nimrod): 2010. Python-like for
system programming. Meta-programming, OO,
compile to C, JS or binary.
Noop: 2009. By Google. Java-like language
designed to syntactically encourage good coding
practices and discouraging bad habits. Compile to
bytecode for the JVM.
17. 'O' PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
Objective-C: 1983. C plus Smalltalk objects, used
mainly on Apple's devices after being popularized on
NeXT machines in 1988.
Objective J: 2008. Superset of JavaScript adding
Smalltalk-like objects, like Ojective-C.
Opal(OPtimized Applicative Language): University of
Berlin. Functional algebraic language, introduced
monads, then called"commands".
Opa: 2011. Server-side or client-side, compiled to
JavaScript.
18. 'P' PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
Pascal: after the name of a French mathematician.
1968-71, by Nicklaus Wirth. The syntax encourage
structured programming.
Perl: 1987 by Larry Wall. Interpreted, dynamic for
scripting, its murky syntax let it called"read-only
language".
PHP: Personal Home Page Hypertext Processor. 1995
by Rasmus Lerdof. PHP 5 in 2004. PHP 6 in 2007.
Server-side scripting and web page generator.
Python: 1991 by Guido van Rossum. Scripting
interpreted or compiled language.
19. 'Q' PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
QPL: Quantum Programming Languages. Set of
languages for quantum compOracle.
QML: Qt Modeling Language. 2009. Declarative
language to design user interfaces,similar to JavaFX,
forQt.
Quorum: 2012. Object oriented, extensible
language which aims to be clean and easy for
beginners. Compile to JVM.
20. 'R' PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
RSL: Robot Scripting Language. 2002 by
Microsoft. For the game Robot Battle.
Ruby: 1995 by Yukihiro Matsumoto. Follows
a"principle of least surprise", each thing
must beintuitive. Multi-paradigm, object
oriented for scripting and web apps.
21. 'S' PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
Simula: 1962. Superset of ALGOL 60. Simula 67
introduced classes and inheritance, virtual methods,
coroutines.
Scriptol: 2001 Object oriented and designed to be
intuitive and improve productivity, it integratges
reactive and imperative programming. Interpreted or
compiled to JavaScript, C++ or PHP.
SOAP: Symbolic Optimal Assembly Program. 1957.
IBM 650 assembly language.
Swift: 2014. By Apple for its OS in the goal to replace
Objective-C by a safer and faster language.Another
languagehas the same name.
22. 'T' PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
TACL: Tandem Advanced Command
Language.1974. Scripting language used by
Hewlett-Packard on servers.
Titanium: 2005. Dialect of Java, parallel, for
scientific computing.
TUTOR: 1965. CAI programming language.
TypeScript: 2012. Superset to JavaScript by
Microsoft, with static types, classes and modules.
Compiled to JavaScript. Open sourceunder Apache
license.
23. 'U' PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
UNCOL: Universal Computer Oriented Language.
1958 by Melvin E. Conway. First concept for an
intermediate language for a virtual machine.
UnrealScript: 1998. Scripting the Unreal enginefor
games.
UrbiScript: 2003. Robot programming language.
UML: Unified Modeling Language. 1994 by Rational
Software. Visual programming language, ISO
standard.
24. 'V' PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
Verilog HDL: Verilog Hardware Description
Language. 1990.
VDS: Visual DialogScript. 1995. Interpreted to build
interfaces on Windows.
VBScript: Visual Basic Script Edition.1996 by
Microsoft. Lighweight and interpreted version of
Visual Basic for Windows.
VTL, VTL-2: Very Tiny Language. 1976. Minimal
language stored in less than 1 K byte ROM of the
Altair 680B and 8800.
25. 'W' PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
Winbatch: 1991. Scripting language for Windows.
Wiring: 2003. Development plateform and C-like
language dedicated to electronics.
WLanguage: 1992. Generator of applications,
influenced by BASIC and Pascal
Wolfram: 2013. Based to knowledge processing, it
combines several paradigms to achieve greater
flexibility in automatic processing.
26. 'X' PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
XAML: eXtensible Application Markup Language.
XBL: eXtensible Bindings Language. For widget
creating in Xml based languages.
Xforms: Web graphical interactive user interface.
XHTML XML HTML.
XML: eXtensible Markup Language.
XUL: XML-based User interface Language.
27. 'Y' PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
Yorick :is an interpretedprogramming
languagedesigned fornumerics,graphplotting, and
steering large scientific simulation codes. It is quite
fast due toarraysyntax, and extensible
viaCorFortranroutines. It was created in 1996
byDavid H. MunroofLawrence Livermore National
Laboratory.
Yahoo! Query Language(YQL): is anSQL-likequery
languagecreated byYahoo!as part of theirDeveloper
Network.
28. 'Z' PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
ZPL: (short forZ-level Programming Language) is an
array programming languagedesigned to replace C
and C++ programming languages in engineering and
scientific applications.
ZOPL: is a programming language created by Geac
Computer Corporationin the early 1970s for use on
their mainframe computer systems used in libraries
and banking institutions. It had similarities to C and
Pascal.ZOPL stood for "Version Z, Our Programming
Language".
