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121 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
- 1. Common Sexually Transmitted Diseases: STD 101 for Medical Assisting Students VD Posters from NIH www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition
- 6. American Knowledge About STD’s
- 7. Estimated Burdon of STD in US – 2007
- 8. Guess This Disease Symptoms in men
- 9. Gonorrhea
- 10. Female Symptoms
- 12. Testing & Treatment for (?) Easily detected by a urine test or swab; and Easily cured with antibiotics; but Any damage to the body cannot be repaired.
- 17. You Can Get ___ Anywhere!
- 18. Treatment Can be detected byculturing the lesionblood test Cannot be cured, but symptoms can be treated with antiviral You can still spread this even if you are taking antiviral medications
Editor's Notes
- Estimated that 65 million people living with STD in US.Every year 15 million new cases2/3 all STD occur in people 25 years or youngerCervical cancer linked to HPVDoctors required to report diagnosed cases of STD’s1 in 4 Americans have genital herpes (80% don’t know they have it)15% infertile women are infertile because of damage to fallopian tubes caused by STD infection12% infertile men are infertile because of damage to testicles caused by STD infection
- 19th & 20th century: social reformTB and VD Drs in Victorian era suggested targeting those diseases and start educating public in effort to curb dz.Thus began visual military campaigns against VD in First WW, then the 2nd WW (axis=enemy)
- Patriotism and
- Women, it seems
- Even the girl next door
- Estimated Burden of STD in U.S. - 1996
- Gonorrhea is sometimes called clap, drip, dose, strain, gleet or the whitesIncubation period: 1 – 14 daysA bacteria causes gonorrheaCan cause infections in men, women, and new babiesThe person can easily pass it on to sex partners and babies during childbirthDischarge from the penis (may be thick, milky white, yellowish, or greenish)Burning on urinationSwollen or tender testicles (epididymitis)Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI)
- Gonorrhea Symptoms in WomenUsually asymptomaticPainful urinationAbnormal vaginal bleedingPain during sexBartholin’s AbscessPelvic inflammatory disease (PID)Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI)
- PID can be acute, subacute, recurrent or chronic infection of uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries
- Known as an Insidious DiseaseSymptoms of ChlamydiaCan cause infection in men, women, and newborn babiesChlamydia is caused by a bacteria Incubation Period: 2-3 weeksThe person can pass it on to sex partners and to babies during childbirthSymptoms in Women: Usually asymptomaticAbnormal vaginal discharge and pain during sexComplications, if not treated:Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)Symptoms in Men:Usually asymptomaticDischarge from the penis (may be runny, whitish)Burning on urinationComplications, if not treatedSwollen and tender testicles (epididymitis)Breakthroughs: single dose oral med (Zithromax) and urine-based screening test (no swab required); expensive, non-invasive
- Syphilis is sometimes called “bad blood ,” pox, lues, or a “zipper cut”Syphilis is caused by a bacteriaIncubation Period: 10-90 days (average 21 days) Can cause infections in men, women, and unborn babies during pregnancyA painless sore called a chancre may be located on the genitals, lips, anus, or other area of direct contactThe chancre will last 1-5 weeks and heal without treatmentThe person can easily pass it on to sex partners
- Skin rashes lasting 2 – 6 weeks (average of 4 weeks) on the palms of the hands, bottoms of the feet, or any part of the bodyOther symptoms include fever, swollen lymph glands, headache, hair loss, and muscle acheSymptoms will go away without treatmentThe person may be able to pass it on to sex partnersSymptoms of Syphilis late stageParalysisInsanityBlindnessDamage to knee jointsPersonality changesImpotencyAneurysm (ballooning of a blood vessel)Tumor on the skin or internal organsA mother can pass syphilis on to her unborn child
- Genital HerpesCauses infection in men, women, and newbornsHerpes simplex viruses (HSV) cause genital herpes infections.Incubation period: 2 – 12 daysThe person can easily pass it on to sex partners and babies during childbirthThere are 2 types of HSV: HSV-1 and HSV-2.HSV-2 causes most genital infections.HSV-1 causes oral infections (cold sores, fever blisters) and some genital infectionsSymptoms of Genital HerpesNumerous painful lesions (sores) on the penis, vagina, anus, buttocks, thighs, mouth, or fingerLast up to 4 – 21 daysOther symptoms include headache, fever, muscle aches, swollen lymph nodes, and difficult urination.Symptoms may or may not come backMany people with herpes do not have any symptoms or do not recognize that they have symptoms.Most people with herpes can pass the virus to sex partners even when they do not have symptoms.
- HSV-2 causes serious problems when it is passed to newborns during birth
- Human PapillomavirusMany types of Human Papillomavirus (HPV), some of which infect the genital areaIncubation period unclearCan infect men, women, and newbornsThe person can easily pass it on to sex partnersGenital HPV: Two TypesThe types of HPV that infect the genital area are labeled “low-risk” or “high-risk” depending on whether they can cause cancer or not.Low-risk HPV types can cause genital warts.High-risk HPV types can cause serious cervical lesions, cervical cancer, and other genital cancers.Symptoms of Genital HPV InfectionUsually asymptomatic and brief (6 – 12 months)Genital warts (usually infection with low-risk type of HPV)Warts on the penis, vagina, anus or urethraRarely may have itching, bleeding, burning, or pain along with the wartsMay go away on their own, stay about the same, or get worseSymptoms of Genital HPV Infection in womenCervical lesions (usually infection with high-risk type of HPV)Usually no symptomsDetected by Pap smearMost will go away on their own Some will persist and need to be followed by health care providerMost women with high-risk HPV types do not get cervical cancer
- Testing & Treatment for Genital WartsNo tests for genital wartsSeveral types of treatment are availableWarts may come backCervical lesions and cervical cancerRegular Pap smears are best way to detect serious lesions and prevent cervical cancerPap smear screening is recommended for all sexually active women
- In June 2006, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Gardasil®, a vaccine by Merck and Company to prevent cervical cancer and genital warts caused by certain types of HPV. The vaccine is licensed for use in girls and women ages 9-26 years. In clinical trials Gardasil was shown to be nearly 100% effective at blocking persistent infection and disease with the “high-risk” HPV types responsible for 70% of cervical cancers (HPV 16 and 18) and the “low-risk” types (HPV 6 and 11) associated with 90% of genital warts. GlaxoSmithKline is also expected to submit an HPV vaccine to the FDA for approval in the next few months. These vaccines, used in combination with Pap testing, can protect women against cervical cancer.