Zirconia Implants vs. Titanium Implants
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A dentist based in San Diego, California, Dr. Azadeh Khajavi centers her private practice on dental implants and full mouth reconstruction. Serving both the Rosarito Beach and Baja, California, communities, Dr. Azadeh ”Amy” Khajavi leads the only dental office in Mexico to offer implants that are not composed of metal.
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This document discusses early detection and quantification of dental caries using laser fluorescence. Dental caries is a dynamic process that occurs in microbial deposits on tooth surfaces, resulting in a loss of mineral content and formation of lesions. Early diagnosis is important to identify high-risk patients, allow preventive services, and use non-invasive treatment methods. Laser fluorescence techniques like quantitative light-induced autofluorescence and near-infrared fluorescence can detect and measure caries progression more accurately than visual examination alone. The document demonstrates examples of DIAGNOdent readings on different teeth.
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This document discusses various methods for preventing dental caries and detecting early caries, including:
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2. Methods to increase protective factors like using fluorides, antimicrobial agents, pit and fissure sealants, and genetically modified foods.
3. Techniques for early caries detection including visual, tactile, radiographic, laser fluorescence, and electrical methods to identify lesions before cavitation occurs. Preventive strategies and early detection are important for stopping the progression of dental caries.
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This document discusses modern approaches to caries management and prevention. It emphasizes detecting caries early to allow arrest through non-operative treatment like changing diet and oral hygiene. If caries is active but initial, remineralization can avoid restoration. For cavitated lesions, the decision to restore depends on factors like lesion size and location. Fissure sealants and resin prevent further caries in pits and fissures. The goal is to minimize operative treatment through preventive methods and restoration only when necessary to protect pulp vitality or address symptoms.
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[2] Diagnodent uses fluorescence to detect demineralization with high accuracy. FOTI and QLF use transmitted light to image lesions and monitor remineralization. ECM measures conductivity changes to identify demineralized enamel. These methods can detect lesions earlier than x-rays.
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Unit 8
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[1][m] minimally invasive restorative dentistry
[1] Minimally invasive dentistry focuses on prevention and conservation of tooth structure. Various tools and techniques can detect caries early and monitor the effectiveness of preventive treatments.
[2] Diagnodent uses fluorescence to detect demineralization with high accuracy. FOTI and QLF use transmitted light to image lesions and monitor remineralization. ECM measures conductivity changes to identify demineralized enamel. These methods can detect lesions earlier than x-rays.
[3] Early detection allows use of preventive treatments like remineralization to arrest or reverse lesions before they worsen, preserving more tooth structure. Minimally invasive techniques emphasize prevention and conservation over extensive restoration.
Diagnosis and prevention of dental caries
Diagnosis and prevention of dental caries, DEVELOPMENT OF DENTAL CARIES, CARIES DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS, DEVELOPMENT OF DENTAL CARIES, PREVENTION OF DENTAL CARIES, Nutrition and diet in caries control, Fluoride and caries control, Water fluoridation, Fluoride supplements, Other methods for providing systemic fluoride, Fissure sealing, TREATMENT PLANNING FOR CARIES PREVENTION,
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The document discusses the diagnosis and prevention of dental caries. It covers the development and features of caries, methods for detection including examination, radiographs, and devices. It also discusses caries risk in patients, the role of plaque, diet, and fluoride in prevention. Specific fluoride modalities like toothpaste, mouthwashes, and professionally applied treatments are outlined. The use of pit and fissure sealants for caries prevention in teeth pits and grooves is also summarized, along with patient selection and the application method.
Unit 8
- It is not always necessary to replace all missing teeth. Replacement should only be done if it improves function, appearance, or comfort. Factors like chewing ability, discomfort, appearance concerns, and occlusal stability should be considered.
- The potential benefit of a dental prosthesis must outweigh the potential harm it may cause to remaining natural teeth. Removable partial dentures can increase risks of dental caries and periodontal disease if oral hygiene is poor.
- Poorly fitting dentures can lead to pain, discomfort, tissue reactions, and increased risk of oral disease if they cause irritation or do not allow for proper plaque removal. Regular dental checkups are important for denture wearers.
Dental caries
Dental caries is caused by bacteria in the mouth that feed on sugars and produce acids. The acids demineralize the enamel and dentin of the teeth. Two main bacteria, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus, are responsible for initiating caries. If left untreated, dental caries can lead to pain, tooth loss, and infection. Factors that influence the development of caries include diet, microorganisms, host factors, genetics, and immunology. Clinical and radiographic exams are used to detect caries. Treatment involves removing decay and restoring teeth. Preventive methods focus on nutrition, oral hygiene, fluoride, dental sealants, and altering bacterial growth.
Dental caries ppt
Dental caries is caused by bacterial damage to teeth from plaque and acid production when exposed to fermentable carbohydrates like sugar. The major bacteria involved are Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli, which adhere to teeth and produce acid from sugars, lowering the pH and demineralizing enamel and dentin. If left untreated, caries can spread to the pulp, causing inflammation and pain. Consequences of untreated dental caries include local infections and possible systemic illnesses.
Dental plaque
Dental plaque is a sticky biofilm that forms on teeth daily. It is made up of bacteria and other microorganisms from saliva. If plaque is not removed regularly through brushing, it can build up and the bacteria nearest the teeth produce acids. These acids demineralize the enamel and cause cavities. Plaque also irritates gums and can lead to gingivitis or periodontitis if left unchecked. Dentists can identify plaque using instruments or dye tablets to check if brushing and flossing have effectively removed it.
Silver diamine flouride
This document provides an overview of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as a tool for managing dental caries. It discusses the history of using silver compounds to prevent infections, outlines the components and mechanism of action of SDF, and describes its clinical applications in arresting caries in both children and adults. Some key points include that SDF is a 38% solution containing silver and fluoride ions that reacts with tooth minerals to form protective layers, it has been shown to arrest up to 80% of caries lesions with annual applications, and it provides a low-cost, minimally invasive option for managing caries in situations where advanced restorative treatment is not possible or acceptable. The document concludes that SDF has unique
Understanding and Treating Dental Caries in Young Children and Young Adults
Tooth decay is the end result of a transmissible bacterial infection that is preventable. This disease is called caries. Yet just placing fillings on teeth, which is what dentists have been doing all along, does not in the long haul stop this disease process.
The bacteria responsible for tooth decay generate acids from the fermentable carbohydrates we eat every day.
Root Caries
This document discusses root caries, including its definition, causes, classification, diagnosis and treatment. It describes the microbiology, clinical features and prognosis of root caries lesions. It also compares various restorative materials that can be used, including composites, glass ionomers and resin-modified glass ionomers. Emphasis is placed on the importance of preventive measures, proper isolation and adhesion to root surfaces for successful treatment of root caries.
Epidemiology of dental caries
This document provides an overview of dental caries epidemiology. It begins with definitions of epidemiology and dental caries. It then discusses the history of caries in prehistoric man and global and Indian caries scenarios. Several classic epidemiological studies on dental caries are summarized. Theories of caries etiology including Miller's chemico-parasitic theory are explained. Epidemiological factors influencing caries including the host, agents, environment and time are described. Saliva properties and their relationship to caries susceptibility are also summarized.
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Here's a presentation about how we can detect and diagnose the carious lesion.
Uploaded by; Dr. Ghaith Abdulhadi Al-Otaibi
College Of Dentistry
White Spot Lesions While Wearing Braces
The document discusses strategies to prevent white spot lesions (WSLs) during orthodontic treatment. It finds that improved oral hygiene is associated with fewer WSLs. Fluoride in various forms such as toothpaste, mouthwash, and varnish can also help reduce WSLs, though the evidence is limited. Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) may help with remineralization, but its ability to prevent caries is unclear from studies. The document recommends oral hygiene, fluoride, and CPP-ACP to prevent and treat WSLs during orthodontic treatment.
Prevention of periodontal disease
This document discusses prevention of periodontal diseases through mechanical and chemical plaque control methods. It describes three levels of preventive dentistry and three methods for plaque control, focusing on mechanical plaque control. Mechanical plaque control involves patient education, testing knowledge acquisition, and changing patient attitudes and behaviors. Proper tooth brushing technique and use of interdental aids are explained. Chemical plaque control can utilize antiseptics like chlorhexidine, which is described in terms of its mechanism of action and clinical uses.
Management of dental caries
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This document discusses cariology, the study of dental caries. It defines dental caries as a disease caused by bacteria in dental plaque that leads to demineralization of tooth structure. Key factors in the development of caries include the formation of dental biofilm, bacterial production of acid, and the resulting shift in mineral equilibrium that dissolves tooth material over time. The document examines several theories on the etiology of caries and outlines the multifactorial nature of the disease. It also discusses various methods for caries prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.Silver diammine fluoride
This document provides an overview of silver diammine fluoride (SDF), including its history, properties, evidence of effectiveness, mechanisms of action, recommendations for use, and potential side effects. Key points include:
- SDF has been shown to arrest dental caries at rates of 71-86% over follow-up periods of 6-30 months.
- Its mechanisms of action include antimicrobial activity against cariogenic bacteria and aiding remineralization while inhibiting demineralization.
- Recommended patients for SDF use include those with high caries risk or difficulty accessing dental care.
- Potential side effects include temporary metallic taste and minor gum irritation, but no serious toxicity has been
young permanent tooth
This document discusses young permanent teeth and their characteristics compared to mature teeth. It notes that young permanent teeth are those that have recently erupted and have not completed root development and closure of the apical foramen. The root development process can take 2-3 years after eruption. These young teeth are still developing and possess stem cells that can aid in continued root development. Factors like deep caries or trauma can lead to pulp necrosis in an immature tooth and result in an open apex. The document also discusses various classifications and stages of root development in young permanent teeth.
Dental caries
This document describes the stages of dental caries progression in dentin. It begins with early penetration of microorganisms into dentinal tubules, causing sclerosis and calcification. As it progresses, more tubules become involved and decalcification occurs, allowing microorganisms to spread deeper. Advanced stages see confluence of tubules, formation of liquefaction foci, and necrotic destruction of dentin in numerous focal areas. This leads to a leathery mass that can peel off in layers during excavation. The dentinal tubules act as pathways for microbes to spread from the enamel-dentin junction towards the pulp.
3 prevention of dental caries ii
This document discusses various methods for preventing dental caries. It describes topical protection measures like fissure sealants, fluoride varnish, and preventive resin restoration. Fissure sealants involve sealing pits and fissures with resin to make the surfaces non-retentive. Fluoride varnish is painted on teeth to allow remineralization and reduces smooth surface caries by 18-70%. Preventive resin restoration minimally removes decay and seals remaining pits and fissures. The document also discusses atraumatic restorative treatment, laser light applications, and systemic fluoride administration through water fluoridation or supplements to strengthen enamel and inhibit bacteria.
Dental caries
This document discusses dental caries, including its etiology, clinical characteristics, and histopathology. It describes how caries is caused by an interaction between host factors, such as tooth composition and saliva, and environmental factors like diet and bacteria. It also summarizes the typical progression and appearance of caries in different locations, such as pits and fissures, smooth surfaces, and root surfaces. Caries develops when acids produced by bacteria in dental plaque from sugars in the diet break down tooth minerals over time. The document provides details on the role of various microorganisms involved at different caries stages.
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Dr. Azadeh Khajavi invented an all-on-six dental implant made of zirconia instead of titanium. Zirconia implants have cosmetic and biological benefits over traditional titanium implants, as zirconia is naturally white so it blends better with teeth, does not corrode like titanium which can cause gray gums, and is less likely to trigger allergic reactions. Zirconia implants also allow for immediate installation after tooth extraction and faster recovery compared to titanium implants.
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Dr. Azadeh Khajavi specializes in full mouth reconstruction using metal-free dental implants, particularly zirconia implants. Zirconia implants have been used since 1987 as an alternative to titanium implants. Some benefits of zirconia implants are that they are designed to withstand force and pressure over time, have a one-piece design that resists potential infections, and can be placed immediately after tooth extraction requiring less invasive surgery.
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The document discusses dental implants and their significantly lower cost when obtained abroad. A dental implant is an artificial tooth root made of titanium that is surgically placed in the jawbone to support a crown. In the US, implants typically cost $3,000-$6,000 including surgery and crown, but can be as little as $1,000 at specialty clinics abroad. The lower costs are due to foreign dentists earning less on average than US dentists and lower overhead costs abroad. The document provides information on Dental Departures, a source for researching and booking dental implant appointments with clinics around the world.
Suburban Life Magazine
Implant dentistry has advanced significantly since the 1980s, but this increase in popularity has led to more complications as many dentists now offer implants without proper training. Dr. James Vito, an expert in implant dentistry, sees many patients who require repairs after poorly performed implants by inexperienced dentists. He warns that implants are unforgiving and require artistry to position correctly. Dr. Vito advises patients to thoroughly research a dentist's credentials and experience in implants before undergoing the expensive and permanent procedure.
Implantology Simplified- All you need to know about Dental Implant
This document provides information about a mini residency course on oral implantology held in India. It discusses the academy providing the training, Odontos Academy, which is ISO certified and has trained over 1500 students. The course will cover topics related to dental implants like neurovascular considerations, implant surfaces, deciding implant length and diameter, osseointegration, implant stability, immediate loading, and the biological reactions and longevity of implants. It also discusses in detail treating a case where an implant was too close to the inferior alveolar nerve, describing the nerve lateralization procedure to reposition the nerve to allow for safe implant placement.
Everything About Dental Implantology- How to Put Dental Implants.
This document provides an overview of a mini residency training course on oral implantology held in India. It discusses the academy providing the training, Odontos Academy, which is ISO certified and has trained over 1500 students across India. The course will cover topics related to dental implants including neurovascular considerations, implant surfaces, deciding implant length and diameter, osseointegration, implant stability, immediate loading, and the biological reactions and longevity of dental implants. It also provides details on the surgical procedure for placing dental implants and managing risks if an implant is too close to the inferior alveolar nerve, which can be addressed by performing nerve lateralization to reposition the nerve away from the implant site.
Post dental implant complication
The document summarizes complications that can occur with dental implants made of titanium or zirconium. Titanium abutments show less screw loosening than zirconium abutments. Screw loosening is one of the most common mechanical complications and can lead to bacterial infection. Implant fracture is rare but can be caused by defects, overload from bruxism or large forces, or small implant diameter. Peri-implantitis is inflammatory disease around implants that develops over 5 years due to bacterial imbalance. Prevention focuses on proper planning, reducing parafunctional habits, and minimizing cantilevers and occlusal forces.
Zircon Implants.pdf
zirconia implants are an excellent option for dental restoration and tooth replacement. They offer many advantages over traditional metal implants, including their strength, durability, biocompatibility, and natural-looking appearance.
Introduction of hybrid zirconium abutment
This document introduces hybrid zirconia abutments and prostheses. It discusses the benefits of zirconia, including its biocompatibility and esthetic properties. It also notes that hybrid designs combining zirconia and titanium address limitations in the strength of full zirconia components. The document provides examples of hybrid zirconia abutments and prostheses for single teeth and multiple units. It also outlines some clinical considerations for hybrid designs, such as controlling the thickness of zirconia components and bonding between zirconia and titanium.
Implants or Life- Vol 1
Dr. Nigel Saynor will be speaking at the Westin Edina Galleria on March 2, 2010. DENTSPLY is now a sponsor of DentalXP.com, where videos of speaker presentations from DENTSPLY events can be viewed for free. A new product called PerioDerm, an acellular dermal tissue matrix, is now available from DENTSPLY. Educational events on the new ANKYLOS C/X implant system will be held in March and May featuring speakers like Dr. Barry Goldenberg and Dr. Paul Weigl. Studies are cited showing the effects of cleaning procedures on bone grafts and bacterial colonization of the fixture-abutment interface. Special offers are
Rationale for dental implants /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian ...
Rationale for dental implants /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078Rationale for dental implants /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian ...
Rationale for dental implants /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
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Three Benefits of Choosing Zirconia Dental Implants
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More from Azadeh Khajavi
The Difference Between Traditional and Holistic Dentistry
Traditional dentistry focuses only on problems directly related to the teeth, jaws, gums, and mouth, while holistic dentistry considers how oral health affects whole body health. A holistic dentist treats the entire body as connected and may emphasize nutritional therapy to reverse conditions like gingivitis, whereas a traditional dentist would perform restorative surgery after symptoms worsen. Additionally, holistic dentists prefer using biocompatible, natural materials like zirconia for surgery that integrate safely with the patient's body.
Combining Science and Art in Dentistry
A dentist in San Diego, Dr. Azadeh Khajavi is also an international lecturer on biological dentistry subjects. Dr. Azadeh "Amy" Khajavi received the Master Clinician in Aesthetic Dentistry award from the American Association of Cosmetic Dentistry and studied at the Vegas Institute for Advanced Dentistry. She combines art and science in her practice of dentistry.
The modern dentist must master both science and art in their dental practice. To ensure holistic treatment, a dentist must understand that both beauty and function are important. Therefore, dentists must consider all aspects of the patient’s dental condition, including teeth, gums, and jaw health. It is an evidence-based approach combined with artistic creativity.
Cosmetic dentistry is an example of a science and art combination. It looks at dental health and aesthetics. Implantology and other periodontal procedures rely on the dentist’s understanding of a patient’s dental anatomy and tapping into their creativity to bring out the best outcomes.
Reasons to Use Ceramic Zirconia over Titanium Dental Implants
Ceramic zirconia dental implants have several advantages over titanium implants including being easier to place due to their one-piece design, reducing the risk of bacteria growth between parts. They are also more durable as they do not corrode like metals can, and are hypoallergenic with a color that closely matches natural teeth.
The ICCMO Mastership Program
Dr. Azadeh Amy Khajavi has undergone extensive training and was conferred a Mastership in craniomandibular orthopedics from the International College of Craniomandibular Orthopedics (ICCMO). The ICCMO Mastership Program globally promotes neuromuscular dentistry and offers a Mastership title that recognizes exceptional scholarship and clinical mastery. To achieve Mastership, candidates must first attain ICCMO Fellowship by passing a written exam, submitting case histories, and completing continuing education. They must then pass the Mastership written exam, submit a thesis proposal and completed thesis, and pass an oral examination covering the thesis topic.
How PRGF Accelerates Bone Graft Recovery
A respected dental surgeon, Azadeh “Amy” Khajavi, DMD, is at the forefront of using solely biocompatible materials and techniques for oral surgeries and procedures. Azadeh Khajav, DMD, offers plasma rich growth factor (PRGF) therapies to eligible patients. PRGF is a fast, FDA-approved technique that reduces healing times.
3 Benefits of Joining the Oregon Dental Association
The document discusses 3 benefits of joining the Oregon Dental Association (ODA). The ODA was founded in 1893 and serves dentists throughout Oregon as an affiliate of the American Dental Association. The 3 key benefits are: 1) obtaining a voice in the legislature through ODA advocacy and lobbying; 2) accessing continuing education opportunities like online courses and conferences; and 3) networking and sharing experiences with other dental professionals through ODA membership and programs.
The Risks Posed by Mercury in Amalgam Fillings
Dr. Azadeh Khajavi is a holistic dentist who is concerned about the risks posed by mercury in amalgam fillings. Amalgam fillings are over 50% mercury, which is a heavy metal proven to cause damage to the immune and nervous systems. Mercury from amalgam fillings can remain in the body for up to a year after exposure. Improper disposal of dental mercury also poses an environmental threat as it can enter water sources and impact aquatic wildlife and the entire food chain. Holistic dentists use composite resin instead of amalgam to avoid these mercury risks.
A Primer to German Culture
Germany is located in central Europe and has the largest economy and second largest population on the continent. When visiting Germany, it is important to understand the culture, which values privacy, punctuality, hard work and perfectionism. While German is the official language, some other languages are also spoken. Christianity is the dominant religion, practiced by 65-70% of residents, while Islam is the next largest at 3.7%. The document provides an overview of key facts about Germany to prepare visitors for the local culture and customs.
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Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
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Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
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Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Zirconia Implants vs. Titanium Implants
- 1. Zirconia Implants vs. Titanium Implants Azadeh Khajavi
- 2. Introduction • A dentist based in San Diego, California, Dr. Azadeh Khajavi centers her private practice on dental implants and full mouth reconstruction. Serving both the Rosarito Beach and Baja, California, communities, Dr. Azadeh ”Amy” Khajavi leads the only dental office in Mexico to offer implants that are not composed of metal. Although clinical evidence drawing a link between standard titanium oral implants and cancer were inconclusive, reports suggest that titanium implants have induced nonspecific immunomodulation and autoimmunity in patients. Extremely rare cellular sensitization through allergic reaction has also occurred. With that said, the primary reason to avoid metal implants is aesthetic in nature. Due to titanium’s dark gray color, it is often visible through the thin mucosa that surrounds it. When compared to titanium, bright white zirconia makes for a far more visually pleasing implant. Studies have also shown that zirconia implants are more resilient than titanium implants. Results published in the December 2016 issue of BioMed Research International showed that the overall combined survival rate for zirconia mandibular and femur implants was more than 5 percent higher than the overall combined survival rate of titanium mandibular and femur implants.