The document discusses year-round education and provides information about the National Association for Year-Round Education (NAYRE). NAYRE promotes year-round education by providing leadership, information resources, and specialists to help schools and districts implement modified calendars. The document also summarizes research showing the benefits of year-round education calendars, such as reduced summer learning loss and higher achievement for disadvantaged students.

1. National Association for Year-Round Education NAYRE Sam Pepper Executive Director Email: i [email_address] Web: www.nayre.org Fax: ( 858) 571-5754 Phone: (619) 276-5296 San Diego CA 92171-1386 PO Box 711386

2. National Association for Year-Round Education Terminology

3. National Association for Year-Round Education Balanced calendar Modified school calendar Alternative school calendar Continuous education schedule Four-vacation plan Custom calendar Community school schedule Year-Round Calendar Calendar Reform Terms

4. National Association for Year-Round Education Single-track Multiple-track (multi-track) Extended year Three strands of YR Calendars:

5. National Association for Year-Round Education Continuous Instruction and Learning Less Learning Loss Quicker Intervention Higher Attendance Rates for Students Fewer Teacher Substitute Days Lower Drop-Out Rates Reduced Vandalism Educational Values Of Balancing the Calendar

6. National Association for Year-Round Education Summer Learning Loss The Effects of Summer Vacation on Achievement Test Scores: A Narrative and Meta-Analytic Review Harris Cooper, Barbara Nye, Kelly Charlton, James Lindsay, Scott Greathouse Fall 1996

7. Harris Cooper et al Review of Educational Research Fall, 1996 Study Findings At Best: Students show little or no academic growth over summer. At worst: Students lose one to three months of learning Summer Loss: Greater in Math than Reading Summer Loss: Greatest in Math computation and spelling Summer vacation increases disparities between advantaged and disadvantaged students reading scores The detrimental effect of summer vacation increases as grade level increases No particular differences because of gender or race

8. Harris Cooper et al Review of Educational Research Fall, 1996 Study Conclusions We can accept the detrimental effects of summer vacation We can increase the summer school opportunities and direct these efforts in the most beneficial manner We can examine alternative school calendars Options for policymakers:

9. National Association for Year-Round Education Summer Learning Loss The Effects of Modified School Calendars on Student Achievement and on School and Community Attitudes Harris Cooper, Jeffrey Valentine, Kelly Charlton and April Melson Spring 2003

10. “ On average, children’s achievement test scores were at least one-month lower when they returned to school in fall than they had been when the children left school in spring.” Harris Cooper et al Review of Educational Research Spring, 2003

11. “ Modified calendars were associated with higher achievement for economically disadvantaged students” Harris Cooper et al Review of Educational Research Spring, 2003

12. Harris Cooper et al Review of Educational Research Spring, 2003 “ Students, parents and staff who participated in modified calendar programs were positive about their experiences.”

13. National Association for Year-Round Education

14. National Association for Year-Round Education “ The convention of requiring students to attend (school) for 9 or 10 months and then take a long vacation is counterproductive to long-term learning.” Getting Smarter, Becoming Fairer

15. National Association for Year-Round Education “ The summer learning loss is greatest among low-income children, who often lack the enriching out-of-school opportunities available to their more affluent peers.” Getting Smarter, Becoming Fairer

16. National Association for Year-Round Education “ If students in continually low-performing school districts are to have a chance at catching up and meeting standards, they will need much more time engaged in learning activities.” Getting Smarter, Becoming Fairer

17. National Association for Year-Round Education “ Today’s publicly supported learning time was designed to respond to the needs of students and their families – the students and families of the 19 th century.” Getting Smarter, Becoming Fairer

18. National Association for Year-Round Education Prisoners of Time

19. National Association for Year-Round Education “ Our usage of time virtually assures the failure of many students.” Prisoners of Time

20. National Association for Year-Round Education “ Unyielding and relentless, the time available in a uniform six-hour day and a 180-day year is the unacknowledged design flaw in American Education.” Prisoners of Time

21. National Association for Year-Round Education “ (There) is the pretense that because yesterday’s calendar was good enough for us, it should be good enough for our children – despite major changes in the larger society.” Prisoners of Time

22. National Association for Year-Round Education “ The idea, still having two months off, is ridiculous in this country. If you’re going to compete with India and China, they’re going to school six days a week and they don’t take the summer off.” Chiago Mayor Richard Daley

23. National Association for Year-Round Education YRE Statistics

24. National Association for Year-Round Education Statistics US National Totals 2006-2007 School Year 2,099,633 Total Enrollment (Public/Charter/Private) 3000 Total Number of Schools (Public/Charter/Private) 64 Total Number of Private Schools 172 Total Number of Charter Schools 2764 Total Number of Public Schools 387 Total Number of Public School Districts 46 Total Number of States (Including DC)

25. National Association for Year-Round Education Statistics Five Largest States by Schools 1. California 2. Hawaii 3. Arizona 5. Georgia 4. Nevada 1,322 296 175 99 107 2006-2007 School Year

26. National Association for Year-Round Education Statistics Five Largest States by Enrollment 1. California 2. Hawaii 3. Arizona 5. Georgia 4. Nevada 1,127,792 190,074 119,396 62,906 90,511 2006-2007 School Year

27. National Association for Year-Round Education Statistics 15 Year Growth 37% Schools 149% Charter Schools 33% Enrollment 28% Districts 69% States % Grown

28. National Association for Year-Round Education Calendars

29. National Association for Year-Round Education Calendars TRADITIONAL 9-MONTH

30. National Association for Year-Round Education Calendars 45-15 Balanced Calendar

31. National Association for Year-Round Education Calendars 45-15 Balanced Calendar Traditional 9-Month Calendar

32. National Association for Year-Round Education Calendars 60-20 Balanced Calendar

33. National Association for Year-Round Education Calendars 60-15 Balanced Calendar

34. Costs of Calendar Reform Single Track Comparable to traditional calendar Multi-Track Operational and capital savings Extended Year More expensive

35. National Association for Year-Round Education Options for Overcrowding Bond Issues Double Sessions Extended Day Redrawing boundaries Portables Multi-Track YRE

36. National Association for Year-Round Education Multi-Track Advantages Increases capacity 33% immediately (4-Tracks) Provides both capital and operating savings Allows day-time instructional hours to be maintained High attendance rates for students Does not strain school’s core facilities Fewer teacher substitute days Maximum use of facility for 12 months

37. National Association for Year-Round Education Capital outlay Operating costs for administrative and support staff (full-year contract vs. hiring additional staff) Utility Costs – adding two months vs. nine months year at a new school. Economies of scale Reduced absenteeism -- staff and students Salaried administrators in charge of summer school Reductions in numbers of textbooks and desks Reduced lease costs -- portables Savings

38. National Association for Year-Round Education NAYRE

39. National Association for Year-Round Education Promote the concept of year-round education by providing leadership and services Serve as a clearing house for information on year-round education Encourage research on year-round schools Recognize and promote excellence in year-round schools Provide on-site specialists to school and districts – All specialists have practical experience in planning, implementing and sustaining modified calendars Conduct conferences nationally and regionally to provide the most up-to-date information available to educators and community members NAYRE What We Do

40. National Association for Year-Round Education NAYRE Email: i [email_address] Web: www.nayre.org Fax: (858) 571 - 5754 Phone: (619) 276 - 5296 San Diego CA 92171-1386 PO Box 711386