This is part 6 of Jane Mauger's project 'Make Me a Soldier'. It is to be used in conjunction with the other learning activities posted on 1000poppies.org The project was created as a result of the Victorian Premier's Spirit of Anzac Prize for Teachers in 2010.

1. On the following slides you will be asked
a series of multiple choice questions.
Answer them as honestly as possible, and
mark your responses on the sheet
provided.

2. A) You immediately get involved and take a leadership
position suggesting your group explores the Amazon.
B) Your group decides that you are exploring the Daintree
rainforest, but you are not too fussed either way.
C) You want to focus on an Australian ecosystem so you
encourage your group to explore the Great Barrier Reef.
D) You don’t enjoy group work and have no interest in
ecosystems so you argue with your teacher to get out
of it.

3. A) Line up and buy one the day they’re released.
B) Wait until you’re friends have bought one, so you can
try it out before you buy your own.
C) You stick with the phone you have, and when the time
comes for a new one, you buy a less advertised brand.
D) Wait until someone gives you one.

4. A) Ignore the fight and continue what you were doing.
B) Go and watch because a friend tells you to.
C) Run and watch and cheer the fight on.
D) Run and join in.

5. A) You join the discussion, sticking up for your friend.
B) You don’t have Facebook, so you respond via a
Twitter, once another friend has told you about it.
C) You don’t really want to get involved, but you feel
obliged to say something.
D) You accuse the writer of defying the value of
mateship, and state that they should give your
friend a fair go.

6. A) An adventure film with a Hollywood A list cast.
B) An Arthouse film that has won awards at overseas
film festivals, but is not very well advertised in
Australia.
C) An action film where the main protagonist saves the day
and the world.
D) A romantic comedy, not because you like them, but
because your best friend loves them and makes you
watch it.

7. A) A recipe you saw last night on MasterChef which your
whole family talked about and thought looked
delicious.
B) You order take out from the local Pizza shop.
C) Lasagne because you know it is your sisters favourite.
D) A meat pie with a side of chips, because it is
your favourite.

8. A) Decide not to go. You know the people who have
organised the party and you know they are trouble makers,
and it is likely to result in police being called.
B) Worry the party is going to get out of hand, but you are
more anxious that you will be left out on Monday if you
don’t attend.
C) Eagerly go, even though you are concerned that your
football team is playing, so suggest that it televised in
the back ground.
D) Enthusiastically accept the invitation and arrive
right on the starting time.

9. A) You can’t be bothered choosing a sport, so you wait
until one is assigned to you.
B) You choose the sport that your friends are doing so
you can hang out with them on the day.
C) You immediately sign up for your favourite sport, so
you don’t miss out.
D) You choose not to come to school that day.

10. A) Sun baking with your friends.
B) Swimming or Surfing.
C) Playing beach cricket.
D) Rock pooling.

11. A) Alternative
B) Loyal
C) Easygoing
D) Enthusiastic

13.  By referring to your answers calculate your score
from the table below:
Q1. A=1 B=3 C=2 D=4
Q2. A=1 B= 2 C= 4 D=3
Q3. A=4 B=3 C=2 D=1
Q4. A=1 B=4 C=3 D=2
Q5. A=1 B=3 C=4 D=2
Q6. A=1 B=4 C=3 D=2
Q7. A=4 B=3 C=2 D=1
Q8. A=3 B=2 C=1 D=4
Q9. A=3 B=1 C=2 D=4
Q10. A = 4 B=2 C=3 D=1

14.  If your score is 10 - 19  Click Me
 If your score is 20 - 24  Click Me
 If your score is 25 - 33  Click Me
 If your score is 34 - 40  Click Me

15.  You hear about the war on the radio in August of 1914, you learn of the
assassination of a prince and instantly you are a keen to be a part of it.
You enlist to fight as soon as you can, you are good on a horse and so
are made a member of the Light Horse, which you think is grand, as it
means you get a fancy feather in your hat.
 As a result of early enlistment you begin your training in 1914, you
train in Broadmeadows, then in Egypt and are shipped to Gallipoli and land
with the first Australian landing near Ari Burnu ,on what will later become
ANZAC day, 25th of April in 1915. You and your fellow soldiers struggle with the
terrain and the obvious higher ground advantage that your Turkish opponents
possess. You lose many new found friends in your first couple of months in
Gallipoli.
 In August your regiment is told they are going over the top, in an all out
offensive against Johnny Turk, in a place called ‘The Nek’. You are a member of
the second wave to leave the trenches. When the first wave leaves you realise
that there is little hope of your survival as machine guns cut them down before
they can gain much ground.
 The whistle blows and you know it is your turn to go, so you do, because you
figure that's what soldiers do, they follow orders. You are given the order to go,
so you go. Just like the wave before you, you do not make much ground, the
machine guns cut you and your fellow Light Horse members down, you die in
the August sun of no man’s land.
To Continue

16.  When the War broke out in 1914, you didn’t understand Australia’s
role in it, nor did you see any threat to Australian territory in this
‘World War’
 After reading the newspaper reports talking of the first
Australian landing at Gallipoli and the courage of soldiers like
‘Lieutenant Jacka’ you are inspired, you gain a new found loyalty
and respect for the Australian spirit.
 You are aware of the death toll, but even so, choose to enlist. In doing
so you are trained in Broadmeadows, then in Egypt and shipped to
Northern France to take up defence of a little town called Villers
Bretonneux.
 You fight the German’s in trench warfare in close quarters. During one
battle you suffer a bullet wound to the lower right torso.
 You are aided by the brave men that are stretcher bearers and arrive at
an advanced dressing station. Here you are treated for your wound but
it becomes apparent to you that the wound is severe. You die in
Northern France at the dressing station and are buried not far from
where you died with other soldiers from the
Imperial force. To Continue

17. To Continue
 The idea of War confuses and scares you, you see the floods of young
men rushing to enlist and the many propaganda posters encouraging
Australian support of ‘The Mother Country’.
 Initially no one seems too bothered that you do not enlist, but as the war
reaches its second year, the pressure from everyone in your life becomes
hard to bear. Your father thinks that you are a coward, his only son,
and you will not fight, despite his war stories of his time spent fighting in
South Africa during the Boar War. Your mother remains quiet on the issue.
 The tipping point for you is when your best friend enlists and your next
door neighbour (a young lady you have always liked) hands you a white
feather. By this stage it is 1916 and the conscription debate is raging. You
enlist in October just after the first conscription debate has failed.
 You begin your service in France, but are transferred to a unit in Belgium
and your first battle is in July of 1917, it is the Third Battle of Ypres
(Passchendaele), you survive , but are injured. Despite your injuries you
are given the rank of Lieutenant, for your leadership under fire. Your
wounds heal and you fight many other battles, you survive the war and
return to Australia.

18.  You are a conscientious objector, you choose not to fight.
The war rages for four years, and despite being largely
ostracised from society for your beliefs you never
choose to enlist.
 You vote ‘No’ on both conscription referenda in 1916 and
1917. You encounter constant abuse in the streets and at
your workplace for being a ‘coward’. Many women give you
white feathers, in an effort to convince you to enlist.
 What these judging members of the public do not know is
that you have lost 2 brothers to the War, one in Gallipoli.
He was in the 4th field ambulance and died not long after
landing on the 25th of April 1915, and your other brother on
the Western Front in one of the battles on the Somme. You
are the last son left in your family and you know your
mother could not take losing you too.
To Continue

19. Primary and secondary source
information about what life was like for
soldiers during World War One.
As you read through the information and view the
photographs answer the focus questions on your
handout.

20.  Australian soldiers fought and trained across
various continents and countries during World War
One.
 While we fought and trained in Australia, Egypt,
England, Palestine and other parts of Asia and Africa,
our most famous battles were in....
 Turkey – On the Gallipoli Peninsula
and
 France – On the Western Front
For a map of Europe
outlining these to
battle zones

21. “Their’s not to reason why, their’s but to do or die”
Alfred Lord Tennyson

22.  The allied offensive to the Gallipoli peninsula was meant
to be simple enough:
 As British Prime Minster Winston Churchill said to his
cabinet ministers in 1915: “A good army of 50,000 men and
sea power – that is the end of the Turkish menace.”
 The British Navy began the attack on Turkey bombarding
the Dardanelles. The British wanted to break through to
Constantinople (Istanbul), the Turkish capital, and force
Turkey, Germany’s ally, out of the war.
 The sole aim was to enable Britain’s ally Russia safe passage
to ships through the Dardanelles and to open a southern
front against Austria-Hungary.

23. Interesting
Fact:
Gallipoli in
Turkish is:
‘Gelibolu’

24.  Australian involvement in the Gallipoli campaign began on April
25th 1915 with our initial landing, in an area that would later be
called ‘Anzac Cove’
 The most famous battles from the ANZAC campaign came out of
the ‘August Offensive’.
 During this offensive Australian The Sphinx from the
troops took up a number of beach at ANZAC cove
diversionary actions, aimed at tying
down Turkish troops to the Anzac
position to allow Allied units secure
advance to significant Turkish
strongholds like Chunuk Bair and
Hill 971.
 Unfortunately the reality of war meant that these plans were not
realised and instead there was a massive loss of life with no real gain
in terms of land or position.

25.  Letter Dr Samuel Richard, 28th of April 1915. “I landed here on
Australia’s historical day under fierce rifle and shell fire, having
to wade ashore through water up to my armpits, and race for
cover. The first days were awful – blood, bandages, dying and
dead men, but not a groan. For three days and two nights I did
not lie down.
 Diary Entry Sergeant Lawerence of the Australian Engineers,
Gallipoli. “There were hundreds on the beach and one of the shells
burst over a latrine up on the hillside. The men sit on this, which
is just a beam supported at each over a long hole, like a lot of
sparrows on a perch. There is nothing to hide them from the view
and they look extremely funny to see all their bare bums in a
row... One burst over this latrine. In the scatter that followed,
none waited to even pull their trousers up. The roar of laughter
that went up could have been heard for miles. It’s only these little
humorous happenings that keep things going here.”

26. Australian light horsemen using a
periscope rifle, Gallipoli 1915
British Troops ascend a hill at Gallipoli
 Private Victor Laidlaw, 2nd Australian field Ambulance “We were
very lucky today, in getting fresh fish, these fish are got by bombs,
the concussion temporarily stuns them and you just wade ints the
sea and pick them up”

27.  General William Birdwood ANZAC Corps “The Turkish
soldier will give his life for his country without hesitation.
He is a tough and brave solider but when a cease fire is
called he is gentle and humane. He will bandage the wound
of his enemy and carry him on his back to save his life. Such
a soldier hasn’t been seen before on this earth.”

28.  Diary Entry Signaller Ellis Silas 16th Battalion AIF. 11th of
May 1915 “ The roll is called – how heart-breaking it is –
name after name is called; the reply a deep silence which
can be felt, despite the noise of the incessant cracking of
rifles and screaming of shrapnel – there are few of us left to
answer our names – just a thin line of weary, ashen-faced
men, there they have of silent forms, once our comrades –
there they have been for days, we have not had time to bury
them.”
 Account from Red Cross Files Sergeant Joseph McKinley,
15th Battalion AIF “The men fell under furious fire. It was
terrible; the men were falling like rabbits. Many were calling
for mothers and sisters. They fell a good way, in many cases,
from the Turkish lines.” It was commonly believed that
McKinley was killed on that morning during the advance. He
was never seen again.

29.  Letter Major Thomas Redford, 8th Light Horse Regiment,
“Our gallant major, whilst lying facing the enemy's trench
in the front of his men received a bullet
through his brain as he raised his head
slightly to observe. He died with a soft sigh
and laid his head gently on his hands as if
tired. A braver and more honorable man
never donned uniform.”
 Major Redford died shortly after dawn
on the 7th August 1915 during his
regiment's famous charge at the Nek.

30.  Letter Lieutenant Colonel William Malone, New Zealand
Solider, August 1915 “I am prepared for death and hope
that God will have forgiven me all my sins.”
Interesting Fact:
Extract of poem..... Turkish soldiers killed
during the defence of
Hereafter their land in the
Gallipoli campaign
“Bury the body – it has served its end; equalled 36,000 more
than Allied deaths
Mark the spot, but ‘On Gallipoli’. combined, a total of
Let it be said ‘he died’. Oh! 86,692 men.
Hearts of friends
If am worth it, keep my memory.”
Captain James Sprent

31. Gallipoli
Interesting Fact:
ANZAC names for battles at Gallipoli were different
to the names the Turkish used. E.g. We called a
battle ‘The Nek’ while the Turkish called it ‘Courage
Hill’. We called a battle ‘Lone Pine’ while the
Turkish called it ‘Bloody Hill’.

32.  Regimental Medical Officer, 15th Battalion AIF “The
condition of the men of the battalion was awful. Thin,
haggard, as weak as kittens and covered with suppurating
sores. The total strength of the battalion was two officers
and 170 men. If we had been in France the men would have
been sent to hospital.”
 Diary Entry New Zealand Soldier, December 1915 –
During the Evacuation from Gallipoli “I hope our poor
pals who lie all around us sleep soundly, and do not stir in
discomfort as we go filing away from them forever.”

33. So Long Turkey, will see you later, Graves at Gallipoli – Many soldiers
by Hal Eure 1915 - Sydney Daily Telegraph struggled with the idea of leaving their
mates in the hands of the enemy

34. Oliver Hogue’s
Trooper Bluegum at
the Dardanelles 1916
Ah, well! We’re gone! We’re out of it now. We’ve got something else to do.
But we all look back from the transport deck to the land-line far and blue:
Shore and valley are faded; fading are cliff and hill;
The land-line we called “Anzac” ... And we’ll call it “Anzac” still.
Better there than in France, though, with the German’s dirty work:
I reckon the Turk respects us, as we respect the Turk;
Abdul’s a good, clean fighter – we’ve fought him, and we know –
And we’ve left a letter behind to tell him we found him so.
Not just to say precisely, “Good-bye,” but “Au revoir”!
Somewhere or other we’ll meet again, before the end of the war
But hope it’ll be in a wider place, with a lot more room on the map,
And the airmen over the fight that day ‘ll see a bit of a scrap!
We’ll We’re gone. We’re out of it all! We’ve somewhere else to fight.
And we strain our eyes from the transport deck, but “Anzac” is out of sight!
Valley and shore are vanished; vanished are cliff and hill;
And we’ll never go back to “Anzac” But I think some of us will!

35.  Charles W Bean was Australia’s War correspondent at
Gallipoli, and often when reading first hand accounts of
the conditions, the characters and the fighting it is from
Bean’s writings that we gain an understanding of what life
was like in Gallipoli.
 It is fitting then that the last primary source
quote from Gallipoli that you are left with
should come from Bean....
 “ANZAC stood, and still stands, for reckless
valour in a good cause, for enterprise,
resourcefulness, fidelity, comradeship and
endurance that will never own defeat.”

36. “Their’s not to reason why, their’s but to do or die”
Alfred Lord Tennyson

37.  Fighting on the Western Front began as quickly as
the War itself. German troops enacting the
‘Schlieffen plan’ attempted to push through Belgium and
Luxemburg to circle around and capture France. It was
during this attempt that Allied soldiers from Belgium,
France and the British Empire locked them down into
trench warfare, that would last the entirety of
the War.
 Australian soldiers arrived on the Western
Front in April of 1916. Having established a
reputation for themselves at Gallipoli they
became known as ‘diggers’. From this arrival
Australian soldiers fighting in the Australian
Imperial Force (AIF) fought and died in
Europe for the rest of the war. For a map of the
Schlieffen plan

38.  They fought in virtually all the major campaigns of the
British Expeditionary Force (BEF) against the German Army.
In places like, Ypres, the Somme, Fromelle, Villers-
Bretonneux, Passchendaele and Bullecourt. Interesting Fact:
The term casualty
 It was on the Western Front that Australian does not mean killed
it refers to any
soldiers were preparing to go to battle once soldier that was
more, when on the 11th of November 1918, the captured, missing,
wounded or killed.
Armistice was declared.
 During those two and a half years 295,000
Australian soldiers fought on the Western Front and
179,537 – 60 percent – became casualties. More than
46,000 of them were killed in action or died of wounds.

39. Above - British Soldiers in the
trenches on the Western Front
Top Left - Soldier from the Worcester
regiment march to the Western Front
Bottom Left – Trenches on the
Western Front

40.  Letter Private James Mitchell, 17th October, 1914. “We started
away just after dawn from our camp and I think it was about an
hour later that we encountered the enemy. They were on the
opposite side of the valley and as we came over the brow of the hill
they opened on us with rifle fire and shrapnel from about 900
yards. We lost three officers and about 100 men killed and
wounded in that half hour. I do not want any more days like that
one. (this section censored) Anyway we drove the Germans back and
held them there for eight days. I cannot tell you all I should like
to, as it would never reach you.”
 Diary Entry Sergeant A. Vine, 8th August, 1915. “The stench of
the dead bodies now is awful as they have been exposed to the sun
for several days, many have swollen and burst. The trench is full
of other occupants, things with lots of legs, also swarms of rats”

41.  Letter Corporal Gregory, October, 1915. “Reaching a trench
which we took to be a dead-end, we discovered our mistake
when about twenty Germans suddenly appeared in our rear and
one German opened fire on us. We shipped our machine-gun
round and covered them. They immediately offered to surrender -
shouting almost in unison: "No shoot, we got children at home,
war fini.”
 Letter (not censored)Private Stanley Terry, November
1915. “We have just come out of the trenches after being in for six
days and up to our waists in water. While we were in the trenches
one of the Germans came over to our trench for a cigarette and
then back again, and he was not fired at. We and the Germans
started walking about in the open between the two trenches,
repairing them, and there was no firing at all. I think they are all
getting fed up with it.”

42. An aerial view of
opposing trench
lines between Loos
and Hulluch (The
Western Front), July
1917.
German trenches at
the right and
bottom, British at
the top-left.
Interesting
Fact:
The trenches at
Gallipoli were
at times not
more than 12
metres apart.

43.  Interview - Arthur Savage British Solider "My memories are of
sheer terror and the horror of seeing men sobbing because they
had trench foot that had turned gangrenous. They knew they
were going to lose a leg."
Steps to Trench Foot:
1. Feet Swell
2. Feet turn blue
Top – British Soldier in flooded trenches 3. Feet become stiff
4. Feet develop gangrene
Right - A solider suffering from ‘Trench Foot’
5. In Advance stages toes and even
entire feet fall off.

44. A sentry in a trench near La Boiselle
during the Battle of Somme, July 1916
15th of December 1916 after the
Battle of Verdun
Interesting Fact:
When the War began
people though it would
be over by Christmas, a
small 5 month War.
How wrong they were.
Dug outs used during 2nd battle of Ypres

45.  Letter, Lionel Crouch, 1917. “I can't sleep in my dugout, as it
is over-run with rats. Pullman slept here one morning and
woke up to find one sitting on his face. I can't face that, so
I share Newbery's dug-out.”
 Guy Chapman, a junior officer in the Royal Fusiliers.“I
glanced down the casualty reports. One name stood out
above all others. "Private Turnbull, S.I.W." A bullet fired
deliberately at the foot was the only way out. Perhaps those
who call this man a coward will consider the desperation to
which he was driven, to place his rifle against the foot, and
drive through the bones and flesh the smashing metal. Let
me hope that the court-martial's sentence was light. Not
that it matters, for, in truth, the real, the real sentence had
been inflicted long ago.”

46.  Letter, A.H. McKibbin, 15 October Interesting Fact:
1918. “Human life is the least The Victoria Cross (VC)
prized of all things in a war of this was during World War 1
and remains the highest
magnitude, the masses manure the honour a soldier can
soil of a foreign land, and the receive. Eleven Victoria
Crosses were awarded
Military heads get D.S.O.'s,V.C.'s, to Australians at
Gallipoli.
and the other rewards, never
honestly won, while never once
risking their precious skins.”

47. Above - Respirators used to protect from
German gas attack
Top Left - AIF Trooper on the Western
Front
Bottom Left – German Soldiers a the
battle of Verdun

48.  Now you have discovered the type of soldier you would
have been, had you been alive in 1914, and read some
first hand examples of what life was like during the
war, you now have a series of jobs to complete.
 Firstly if you were soldier A, B, or C you will need to
complete an enlistment form. These can be collected
from the local recruitment office (given it is 2011 – this
will be your teacher). If you were soldier D, you will
need to collect a white feather from your teacher and a
poem.

49.  Secondly you will need to complete an in-PowerPoint blog.
 When you move to the next slide press {Esc} to move out of
Slideshow mode.
 Once on this slide you will see an Australian soldiers hat
and a speech bubble. Using your school photograph or
another photograph of yourself should you have one, insert
the picture of yourself under the hat (set it as behind text
in picture tools).
 In the speech bubble provided write a blog that describes
how you feel given your new found World War 1 identity
and what that means for your life in/during The Great War.
 These will be presented to the class.

50. {insert your name here} – {Begin your blog here}
{Insert your
Photograph here}
If you are D - Conscientious
Objector you may delete the hat.

51.  Bedson. C & Darlington. R (2007) Humanities Alive 4
second edition. Jacaranda Press, Milton
 Carlyon. L (2002) Gallipoli. Macmillian, Sydney.
 Evans. M (2008) Battles of WW1. Arcturus Publishing,
London.
 King. J & Bowers, M (2005) Gallipoli: Untold stories.
Transworld Publishers, Milsons Point.
 Reid. R (2009) The ANZAC Walk Gallipoli in a day.
Department of Veterans’ Affairs, Canberra.
 Reid. R (2002) Gallipoli 1915. ABC Books, Sydney
 Sellman. R (1961) The First World War. Methuen’s Outlines,
London
 Waters. F (2007) A Corner of a Foreign Field. Transatlantic
Press, Croxley Green.

52.  Australian War Memorial - www.awm.gov.au – Accessed 13/11/10
 Spartacus Education - www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk -
Accessed 13/11/10
 Australians on the Western Front 1914 - 1918 -
www.ww1westernfront.gov.au - Accessed 15/11/10
 Wikipedia Trench Warfare -
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trench_warfare - Accessed 14/11/10
 The First World War.com - www.firstworldwar.com – Accessed
14/11/10
 Documentary – ‘Boys of the Dardanelle’s. Australian War
Memorial.

53. Make sure you have completed all your tasks:
•Multiple Choice responses
•Notes on your Soldier
•Focus Questions
•PowerPoint Blog
•Enlistment Form / Poem

54. The Gallipoli peninsula,
situated on the European
The Western Front between side of Turkey, at the
France, Belgium and opening of the Dardanelle
Germany. The position of strait.
the Front change during the
course of the war – moving
forward and backwards
between the Allies and the
Central Powers
To Return

55. To Return
 The aim for
Germany from
this plan was to
take France out
of the War
quickly and
avoid being
attacked on
both sides by
France and
Russia.