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This document provides background information and context for a research report on two neighborhoods in Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Tuindorp Buiksloot and Floradorp. It discusses the methodology used in the research and then covers topics like the population demographics of Amsterdam and the neighborhoods, the current policy context around urban development, issues of identity and belonging, education, employment, housing, health, and policing/security. The document aims to give an overview of the key social, economic, and political issues facing the white working-class communities in these two neighborhoods.
Cooperation strategies between Poland and the UK to support inclusion of home...FEANTSA
Presentation given by Agnieszka Grzelka , Monar Association, Poland at the FEANTSA 2015 Policy Conference, "Homelessness, A Local Phenomenon with a European Dimension: Key Steps to Connect Communities to Europe", Paris City Hall, 19 June 2015
Presentation given by Nicholas Pleace, University of York, UK, at a FEANTSA Research Conference on "Migration, Homelessness and Demographic Change", Pisa, Italy, 2011
Land of Opportunity? Comparing Street Homeless Experiences Between Polish Mig...FEANTSA
Presentation given by Graham Bowpitt, Peter Dwyer, Eva Sundin and Mark Weinstein, UK at a FEANTSA Research Conference on "Understanding Homelessness and Housing Exclusion in the New European Context", Budapest, Hungary, 2010
The Mediterranean Model: Homeless Immigrants and Informal Housing in ItalyFEANTSA
Presentation given by Antonio Tosi, Italy, at a FEANTSA Research Conference on "Homelessness, Migration and Demographic Change in Europe", Pisa, Italy, 2011
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Presentation given by Stefano Galliani, Italy, at a FEANTSA Research Conference on "Homelessness, Migration and Demographic Change in Europe", Pisa, Italy, 2011
Using Services for the Homeless Abroad. Polish Rough Sleepers in Brussels and...FEANTSA
Presentation given by Magdalena Mostowska, University of Warsaw, Poland at a FEANTSA Research Conference on "Understanding Homelessness and Housing Exclusion in the New European Context", Budapest, Hungary, 2010
Presentation given by Maarten Davelaar & Jessica van den Toorn, Verwey-Jonker Institute, Netherlands at a FEANTSA Research Conference on "Understanding Homelessness and Housing Exclusion in the New European Context", Budapest, Hungary, 2010
Resistance to Data Collection on Homelessness among Warsaw Service Providers ...FEANTSA
Presentation given by Julia Wygnańska, Polska Strona Bezdomności i Wykluczeniu mieszkaniowym, Poland at a FEANTSA Research Conference on "Understanding Homelessness and Housing Exclusion in the New European Context", Budapest, Hungary, 2010
Homeless Immigrants, Legal Issues and VulnerabilityFEANTSA
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Study of Undocumented West African Migrants living as Homeless in CopenhagenFEANTSA
Presentation given by Jeanett Schmidt, Maj Kastanje, Denmark, at a FEANTSA Reseach Conference on "Migration, Homelessness and Demographic Change in Europe", Pisa, Italy, 2011
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Collection of Data on Homelessness in Wallonia. Principle Population Trends a...FEANTSA
Presentation given by Anne Deprez, IWEPS, Belgium at a FEANTSA Research Conference on "Understanding Homelessness and Housing Exclusion in the New European Context", Budapest, Hungary, 2010
cultural and social assimilation of immigrants, and systemic solutions – Pol...Przegląd Politologiczny
: The article presents the problem of migration and assimilation of newcomers in the countries
of residence. One of the main reasons for migration are economic and social considerations, this applies
to both non-European arrivals and internal migration. The aim of this study, conducted by scholars from
Norway and Poland, is to compare systemic solutions both within the social legislation and the functioning of the labor market with respect to Poles and Ukrainians, confronting them with existing barriers regarding the possibility of assimilation and obstacles related to the transformation of economic into
settlement migration. The methodological and theoretical basis of the team’s research is comparative
methods, including comparative politics. The research on immigrants was conducted using both quantitative methods – statistical and qualitative data analysis – and research using the in-depth interview
method. Poles and Ukrainians are not at the same stage of formal migration due to the formal plane. According to the analysis, Ukrainians have much greater opportunities for actual assimilation than Poles in
Norway. Smaller cultural differences and linguistic barriers to the Ukrainians in Poland are conducive
to this process. If the state and Polish society take advantage of this situation and enable the settlement
of Ukrainians and make their job offers more attractive, there is a chance that they will fill the emerging
demographic gap. It would be for the benefit of both societies.
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Presentation -Polish people working abroad analysis of the statistics of t...Iwona Zalewska - Lech
After Poland joined the EU in 2004, over 2 million Poles emigrated to Western European countries like the UK, Germany, and Ireland, primarily to find better work opportunities. This mass emigration of Poles abroad for work since EU accession has been the largest such movement since the late 19th/early 20th century emigration to the US. Majority of Polish migrants are young and well-educated. By the 2010s, the emigration trend had started to decrease as economic conditions improved and Polish salaries rose to 70% of the EU average.
Polish people working abroad - analysis of the statistics of the country. ...Iwona Zalewska - Lech
After Poland joined the EU in 2004, over 2 million Poles emigrated to Western European countries like the UK, Germany, and Ireland, primarily to find better work opportunities. This mass emigration of Poles abroad since EU accession has been the largest since many Poles emigrated to the US in the late 19th/early 20th century. Majority of Polish migrants today and those considering leaving are young, under 34 years old, and well-educated. The emigration trend has started to decrease in the 2010s as economic conditions in Poland have improved and Polish salaries have risen to 70% of the EU average in 2016.
Comparing Social Exclusion Among Young Homeless People in the Czech Republic,...FEANTSA
Presentation given by Dr Joan Smith, London Metropolitan University, UK and Dr Selma Muhič Dizdarevič, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, at a FEANTSA Research Conference on "Understanding Homelessness and Housing Exclusion in the New European Context", Budapest, Hungary, 2010
The document discusses the European refugee crisis and its impact on human security and identity in Europe. It notes the intensifying conflicts in the Middle East and Northern Africa have led to a lack of human security for many people, forcing them to flee as refugees to Europe. However, anti-refugee sentiments are rising in Europe as the influx of refugees is accelerating an identity crisis for many EU citizens and challenging their sense of security. The document examines this issue through cases in Germany and Poland and recommends the "New Reality Initiative" to address concerns through information sharing and promoting mutual understanding between citizens and refugees.
The report provides a comparative content analysis of newspaper coverage of refugees and asylum seekers in selected newspapers from Finland, the UK, and Belgium from January 1-31, 2016. It finds that Helsingin Sanomat had the most coverage, followed by Aamulehti and The Guardian. The most prevalent theme in all newspapers was sexual harassment reports, while the second most common was the impact on the EU. The Finnish papers also frequently discussed border issues and security, while the British papers focused more on journeys to Europe. Asylum seeker and refugee were the most used terms. The coverage generally took a neutral tone, but perspectives were often Eurocentric with less direct quotes from refugees/asylum seekers.
The report examines how selected newspapers in Finland, the UK, and Belgium covered the situation with refugees and asylum seekers from January 1-31, 2016. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted. The quantitative analysis found that Helsingin Sanomat covered the issue most, followed by Aamulehti and The Guardian. Sexual harassment and the impact on the EU were the most prevalent themes across all newspapers. The Finnish papers also discussed border issues while the British papers focused on journeys to Europe. Qualitatively, the analysis found that the newspapers reported in a neutral tone, prioritizing official sources, and described the situation as a "crisis" impacting Europe.
Location Patterns and Social Integration of Economic Immigrants: a Comparativ...FEANTSA
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This document discusses a presentation given to the Directors of National Agencies of the Erasmus+/Youth in Action programme about refugees, radicalization, racism, and European values. The presentation argues that conflating these issues risks undermining the value of the programme for European citizenship education. While it is important for the programme to consider its role regarding these complex issues, its role should not be preventing radicalism or teaching refugees values. There are more appropriate roles the programme could play, such as expressing solidarity with refugees and being a constructive force in the divisive political climate.
This document provides information about a toolkit called "Be the Messenger" that was created as part of a project funded by the Visegrad Fund. It lists the authors and partner organizations involved in the project from Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovakia. The toolkit contains materials on including cultural diversity in discourse and traces of cultural diversity in Slovak history. It discusses challenges like fear of unknown cultures and negative political rhetoric, as well as the role of education in fostering understanding and respect for diversity.
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http://feantsa.org/spip.php?article1596&lang=en
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From Polish Homelessness Abroad to Homelessness in Poland
1. From Polish Homelessness Abroad
to Homelessness in Poland
Julia Wygnańska
Warsaw Council for the Homeless,
Fundation for Social Innovation
and Research „Shipyard”
Interdisciplinary
Center 'Sciences
EUROPEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCE for peace’
Homelessness, Migration and Demographic Change in Europe
Pisa, 16th September 2011
2. Introduction
The situation of Central and Eastern European (A8) work migrants who ended up as
homeless in the streets of Western European cities has recently (2004-2010) been a
point of interest of homelessness research community as the phenomenon became a
noticeable point on the agenda of support services and policy makers.
As Homeless Link put it the A8 migrant constituted „small but significant proportion”
The migrants from Poland caught a lot of attention.
The condition of Polish migrants rough sleeping in European towns focused the
debate on homelessness in new EU member states around that subject leaving
somewhat behind the character of homelessness in their home countries.
The aim of this presentation is to look for links between the above mentioned
interest of European audience to homelessness in the CEE countries: its nature,
causes (data exists) and risk groups (how to find it?).
The presentation stems from the perspective of local researcher from Poland and is
based on research available locally.
EUROPEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCE
Homelessness, Migration and Demographic Change in Europe
Pisa, 16th September 2011
3. Hypothesis
Significant group of homeless people in European (Brussels, London, Oslo)
and Polish (Warsaw, Tricity) cities consists of people who share common characteristics
in terms of causes to homelessness and support needs. They are work migrants who
came to biger town in search of better employment, income and perspectives for
quality of life. Some of them chosen to migrate to Warsaw and some to London, Oslo
or Brussels…
If so, the risk group which should be approached to prevent homelessness of Polish
immigrants in EU cities and in Polish cities is the same.
The above hypothesis is based on research presented on following 3 slaids.
EUROPEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCE
Homelessness, Migration and Demographic Change in Europe
Pisa, 16th September 2011
4. Research on Polish immigrant population
General view of Polish immigrant population in GB is rather positive:
2006 Eade, Drinkwater, Garapich: (1) Poles as a significant group among
immigrants in GB also before 2004; (2) Poles called „Britan’s favourite migrants”
2011 Frelak, Fomina, „Image/Opinions on Poland nd Poles in GB” Quantitative study
on representative sample of British People: (1) general opinion on the presence of
Poles in GB is positive. (2) Typical immigrant is believed to be a reliable and honest
although unskilled worker. (3) Causes to immigration: better employment, new life
experience (but not running away from unemployment in home country*). Poles
emigrate becasue they want to not because they are pressed by the lack of
perspectives.
2010 Fihel, Grabowska-Lusińska, article on fluency of returns to Poland: (1) Data
on remigration suggests that we should rather talk on the mobility of Poles within EU
then on migration of Poles.
*Ośrodek Badań nad Migracjami UW: 47% of people who emigrated from Poland after 2004 were employed, 22%
unemployed.
WHO SLEEPS ON THE STREETS THEN?
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5. Research on Polish immigrant homeless groups
Mostowska’s research on local groups of homeless Poles in Oslo and Brussels: (1)
Characteristics: family conflicts, arrival in search for employment, lack of social
networks (esp. bridging social capital), low (or none) service use due to
communication problems (language).
Bowpitt et al. studies on Polish subsample of service users in London and
Nottingham: male, all with alcohol issues. (1) Causes to (street) homelessness:
informal employment e.g. loss of tied accommodation with loss of empl; prison
episodes, alcoholism related problems. (2) Barriers to accessing (housing) support:
legal/registration problems (statutory, local connection); language.
Goryńska-Bittner, Barka Network: (1) Causes to homelessness among immigrants:
socio-economic situation in the home country, (unemployment, eviction), social
pathologies (alcoholism, crime, domestic violence), councious choice of a (homeless)
life style -> „Polish immigrants sometimes choose homelessness as an escape from
the past, which is believed to be unique for this nation only”.
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6. Research on Homeless groups in Polish cities
2010 Wola pilot study of users of services for the homeless in Wola district
(about 35% all services in town) (flow for 3 years = 4380): avarage registered night
stock in shelters and nightshelters 308, 342 in all services, 36% aged 51-60, mostly
men, over 80% are lonely/solitary (divorced, serparated or single); non-polish
citizenship 3%; registered local connection in Warsaw 39%, in Mazowia outside
Warsaw 22%, other voivodships 39%.
2003-9 Pomeranian survey (comaprison of data from 4 surveys) on max 2620
people clasiffied as homeless in the Pomeranian Region (flow unavailable):
geographical origin/local connection – not summarised; dominating age group 37%
51-60; causes to homelessness (‘not up to the homeless person’) eviction 43%, being
turned onto the street by the family 29%, loss of employment 20%. Causes (‘up to
the homeless person’): alcoholism 36%; bad health 23%; marriage breakdown due to
the homeless person’s behaviour 23%; own choice (sic!) 23%.
2011 Client register from a Warsaw shelter for single men. Shelter uses client
database from Wola Pilot Study based on MPHASIS and ETHOS (flow for 3 years
571): registered local connection out of Warsaw 75%, non-polish citizenship >1%;
causes to homelessness: personal (alcohol included) 35%, conflict in a
family/household 43%; support needs: alcohol dependancy diagnosed 29%,
suspected 25%, lack of everyday occupation 68%.
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7. Summary - common characteristics
Research based (to some extent):
Originally come from somewhere else then the city they are homeless in - usually
smaller cities which lack life perspectives.
Hoping for good/better employment as major motivation for migration.
Emplyment believed to be a key to success (as opposed to social networks or
housing options).
Lack of social networks and bridging social capital.
Alcohol related problems (alcoholism, low selfesteem, depression).
Legal/registration problems (lack of documents, unclear legat status in therms of
eligibility for support)
Additional:
Poor competence in communication (foreign language abroad or problems
communicating with services and dealing with institutions in a home country)
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8. Hypothesis – probably true but…
Common characteristics can be observed…
… but there is not enough data to confirm the hypothesis…
… however there is enough data to justify the need for research on the risk
groups which is necessary to prevent homelessness of migrants who
became homeless in European (Polish included) cities.
The risk group can be defined as (1) people who are not satisfied with their
emplyment and life opportunities (2) see the solution in migration to bigger
town (3) live in small towns in Poland (4) have low social capital.
Example of research on potencial risk group: Rakowski „Łowcy, zbieracze,
praktycy niemocy” (Hunters, Collectors, Practitioners of Incapacity), 2007
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9. Lessons from local policies/research on homeless Poles abroad to PL?
Accent on immigrants among homeless populations in EU cities. In PL immigtrants
are conceptualised as a separate group from the homeless eventhough they might be
on the streets or in marginal housing situation. Proporton of immigrants amoung
homless service users is marginal (up to 3% declare citizenship other then Polish).
eg. Web pages for immigrants within webpages of services for homeless people (Homelesslink).
In Poland alcohol dependancy is often understood as a cause to homelessness and a
choice of a lifestyle (PL – Goryńska-Bittner) whereas in GB it is researched as a
support need (GB - Bowpitt) and a disease which should be adequately treated (e.g.
core variables on homelessness by MPHASIS).
Conducting research on homelessness in order to provide baseline for effective policy
(PL concentration on stock and point in time measures).
Social capital as an important term/theory which should be used to characterise
homeless population in PL.
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10. Some points on PL to abroad
Significant proportion of homeless people in Polish cities are work migrants who were
hoping for improvements but were not able to succeed => they are also in Poland not
only in London, Brussels and Oslo!
In Poland employment and family reunion are considered top options for supporting
homeless people in getting out of homelessness. (Like one of Bowpitt’s respondents
pointed out): “Number one is work [then] room is no problem because I go to work
and will pay you £40 or £35 per week no problem, because I work and am making
money”.
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11. References
Fihel, A., Grabowska-Lusińska, I., (2010) „Płynność powrotów do Polski. Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny.
Zeszyt 4/2010, Instytut Badań nad Migracjami, Warszawa, http://www.migracje.uw.edu.pl/publ/1506/
Frelak, J., Fomina J. (2011) „Wizerunek Polski i Polaków w Wielkiej Brytanii”, Instytut Spraw Publicznych ISP,
Wygnańska, J., „Wolski Pilotaż” Fundacja Pracownia Badań i Innowacji Społecznych Stocznia, Warszawa
www.bezdomnosc.edu.pl (expected)
PFWB (2010) „Najważniejsze wyniki badań socjodemograficznych dla Województwa Pomorskiego. Lata 2003-
2009”, http://www.pfwb.org.pl/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/Wyniki-badania-socjodemograficznego-2009-
porownanie.pdf
Eade, J., Drinkwater, M., Garapich, S., (2006) Poles Apart? EU Enlargement and the Labour
Market Outcomes of Immigrants in the UK, IZA DP No. 2410
Mostowska, M. (2010) Migration networks and homelessness. Pathways through rooflessness of Polish migrants
in Oslo, ENHR 2010, 4-7 July, ISTANBUL
Mostowska, M. (2010) „Using Services for the Homeless Abroad. Polish Rough Sleepers in Brussels and Oslo” ,
presentation for FEANTSA Research Conference 2010 in Budapest
Bowpit, G., Dwyer, P., Sundin, E., Weinstein, M., (2010) „Land of opportunity? Comparing street homeless
experiences between Polish migrants and UK citizens in two British cities”, presentation for FEANTSA Research
Conference 2010 in Budapest
Goryńska-Bittner, B. (2010) „Diagnosis of a scale and nature of homelessness relating to Poles living in Europe”,
working paper, Barka Network
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12. „Small but significant proportion”?
A8 nationals in London homelessness services – 2006 ¾ have A* nationals among clients, about 15% clients are A8 and
majority of 68% are Polish;
A majority of services found that A8 nationals faced problems of accommodation, employment, language difficulties and lack
of knowledge of the UK system. Much fewer saw A8 nationals with support needs normally associated with rough sleeping
such as drug or alcohol misuse or mental and physical health problems.
November 2007 – Out of the 402 rough sleepers recorded in total that week, 74 of them were from Central & Eastern
Europe. Za homeless link Central and Eastern European Rough Sleepers in London: Baseline Survey
November 2008 - Out of the 508 rough sleepers recorded 126 (25%) of them were from Central and Eastern Europe.
2011 London has the highest number of rough sleepers, with a total of 415. 12 Local Authorities in London conducted street
counts between October - November 2010, finding 262 people sleeping rough. The other 21 Local Authorities submitted
rough sleeping estimates with a total of 153 rough sleepers. In London 26% - 8% more then the year before are A8
nationals.
The CHAIN database, a London-based recording system that records figures on rough sleepers, show that 3’673 people
were seen rough sleeping in the Capital last year. This is 201 more than the previous year.
Homeless link – small but significant proportion of A8 migrants are ending up homeless and destitute in London- 2006.
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