This document is an introduction to the proceedings of the ATLAS Africa conference on sustainability, tourism and Africa. It provides context on the growth of tourism in Africa in recent decades. Some key points:
- African tourism has boomed from 26 million tourists in 2000 to 56 million in 2014 and is expected to continue growing in the coming decades.
- Tourism income and jobs contributed to economic growth, with over $36 billion in hotel/tour receipts in 2012 contributing over 2.8% of sub-Saharan Africa's GDP.
- One in twenty jobs in sub-Saharan Africa is now in tourism, and women manage over 50% of hospitality businesses.
- Further tourism expansion faces obstacles around
Istanbul is a city with a wealth of attractions to explore. Some top attractions include:
- Topkapi Palace, a historic palace housing important Islamic relics.
- Hagia Sophia, a former Orthodox Christian church converted into a mosque, featuring beautiful mosaics and architecture.
- Istanbul Archaeology Museums, containing artifacts from ancient civilizations that occupied the region.
A Museum Pass allows visitors to access many of Istanbul's most popular museums and attractions without queuing. It can be purchased at locations like Topkapi Palace and is valid for 72 hours.
First Session on MultiScale Integrated Assessment of Societal and Ecosystem metabolism of Water.
ESEE2011 Istanbul.
If you use it, please cite and let us know!!
;)
Introducing the IANEX project, funded by a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship of the Eu 7th FP.
This project is coordinated by the Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA) of the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB) in collaboration with Yale University’s School of Forestry and Environmental Studies. It merges two academically separated but intellectually related and complementary research strands in the assessment of sustainability: Complex System Theory and Industrial Ecology. Our aims are i) to combine the research perspectives of the partners to build further on a theory of Societal Metabolism; ii) to contribute the assessment of Water Metabolism as methodological body for Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM); and iii) to complete a holistic assessment of the water metabolism of hydraulic fracturing in the United States and subsequently develop implementation scenarios for the European Union.
Presentación preparada para las jornadas sobre el nexo organizadas por ONGAWA. Se enfoca en la metodología utilizada por el grupo LiPHE4 en su estudio del nexo, realizado bajo encargo de la FAO.
Presentation about the use of Social Metabolism and Complex Systems Theory to analysethe water-Food-Energy Nexus with an application of MuSIASEM to the Indian Punjab.
Oral Presentation ot the Biannual COnference of the International Society for Industrial Ecology, 10 July 2015, University of Surrey, UK.
The document discusses the design approach for new homes in the Lower 9th Ward by Make It Right (MIR). MIR prioritized working with former residents to begin the design process. The designs aim to preserve the cultural influences and architectural traditions of the pre-Katrina area while incorporating new solutions that consider environmental and safety concerns. The architects were provided traditional New Orleans housing typologies and guidelines to ensure the designs meet MIR's goals of safety, affordability, sustainability, and high design quality.
This document is an introduction to the proceedings of the ATLAS Africa conference on sustainability, tourism and Africa. It provides context on the growth of tourism in Africa in recent decades. Some key points:
- African tourism has boomed from 26 million tourists in 2000 to 56 million in 2014 and is expected to continue growing in the coming decades.
- Tourism income and jobs contributed to economic growth, with over $36 billion in hotel/tour receipts in 2012 contributing over 2.8% of sub-Saharan Africa's GDP.
- One in twenty jobs in sub-Saharan Africa is now in tourism, and women manage over 50% of hospitality businesses.
- Further tourism expansion faces obstacles around
Istanbul is a city with a wealth of attractions to explore. Some top attractions include:
- Topkapi Palace, a historic palace housing important Islamic relics.
- Hagia Sophia, a former Orthodox Christian church converted into a mosque, featuring beautiful mosaics and architecture.
- Istanbul Archaeology Museums, containing artifacts from ancient civilizations that occupied the region.
A Museum Pass allows visitors to access many of Istanbul's most popular museums and attractions without queuing. It can be purchased at locations like Topkapi Palace and is valid for 72 hours.
First Session on MultiScale Integrated Assessment of Societal and Ecosystem metabolism of Water.
ESEE2011 Istanbul.
If you use it, please cite and let us know!!
;)
Introducing the IANEX project, funded by a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship of the Eu 7th FP.
This project is coordinated by the Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA) of the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB) in collaboration with Yale University’s School of Forestry and Environmental Studies. It merges two academically separated but intellectually related and complementary research strands in the assessment of sustainability: Complex System Theory and Industrial Ecology. Our aims are i) to combine the research perspectives of the partners to build further on a theory of Societal Metabolism; ii) to contribute the assessment of Water Metabolism as methodological body for Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM); and iii) to complete a holistic assessment of the water metabolism of hydraulic fracturing in the United States and subsequently develop implementation scenarios for the European Union.
Presentación preparada para las jornadas sobre el nexo organizadas por ONGAWA. Se enfoca en la metodología utilizada por el grupo LiPHE4 en su estudio del nexo, realizado bajo encargo de la FAO.
Presentation about the use of Social Metabolism and Complex Systems Theory to analysethe water-Food-Energy Nexus with an application of MuSIASEM to the Indian Punjab.
Oral Presentation ot the Biannual COnference of the International Society for Industrial Ecology, 10 July 2015, University of Surrey, UK.
The document discusses the design approach for new homes in the Lower 9th Ward by Make It Right (MIR). MIR prioritized working with former residents to begin the design process. The designs aim to preserve the cultural influences and architectural traditions of the pre-Katrina area while incorporating new solutions that consider environmental and safety concerns. The architects were provided traditional New Orleans housing typologies and guidelines to ensure the designs meet MIR's goals of safety, affordability, sustainability, and high design quality.
Nesreen Ghaddar
GEO-5 Regional Assessment Coordinators:
Africa: Charles Sebukeera
Asia and the Pacific: Ashbindu Singh
Europe: Ronald Witt
Latin America and the Caribbean: Jaap van Woerden
North America: Frank Turyatunga
West Asia: Adel Farid Abdel-Kader
Polar Regions: Jinhua Zhang
GEO-5 Thematic Assessment Coordinators:
Atmosphere: Anna Stabrawa
Biodiversity: Graciela Metternicht
Coastal and Marine: Silvia Giada
Environmental Governance: Fouad Ab
This document outlines the Post-2015 Dialogues on Culture and Development consultation process organized by UNESCO, UNFPA and UNDP to inform the elaboration of the Post-2015 Development Agenda. National consultations were held in 5 countries in 2014 and global consultations included a call for papers, e-discussions and thematic events. The consultations discussed how culture can contribute to achieving sustainable development, particularly within the themes of culture and poverty reduction, culture and education, culture and gender equality, culture and sustainable cities, culture and environment, and culture and inclusion. A final event was held in Florence, Italy in 2015 to conclude the Dialogues.
The Relationship between Water Resources Use Efficiency and Scientific and Technological Innovation Level: Case Study of Yangtze River Basin in China
Effects of Different Cations on the Flocculation and Sedimentation of Static Fine-Grained Sediments
Sustainability Evaluation of Mangrove Forest Management System of Tagbanua Tribe in Bgy. Manalo, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines
Maximizing Oil Palm Yield: Innovative Replanting Strategies for Sustainable Productivity
Hydrogeological Investigations of Groundwater and Surface Water Interactions in the Berg River Catchment, Western Cape, South Africa
Energy Emissions Profile and Floating Solar Mitigation Potential for a Malaysia's State
Comparison of Machine Learning Methods for Satellite Image Classification: A Case Study of Casablanca Using Landsat Imagery and Google Earth Engine
Hyperspectral Inversion and Analysis of Zinc Concentration in Urban Soil in the Urumqi City of China
SAR Change Detection Algorithm Combined with FFDNet Spatial Denoising
Bodwell's Graduation 2015 Program highlights the schedule of events and participants of Bodwell High School's 24th Graduation Ceremony. It takes place on Friday March 20th 2015 at Bodwell and features the guest speaker and founder/CEO of Kiip, Brian Wong.
Since 1991, Bodwell has offered an engaging Grade 8 to 12 curriculum for boys and girls, at a beautiful waterfront campus in the city of North Vancouver. Our student body is comprised of students from over 40 countries. This diverse mix gives students an opportunity to learn from each other and become well-rounded, thoughtful, responsible, members of a global community.
This document provides information about the 5th WSEAS International Conference on Mathematical Biology and Ecology that was held from January 10-12, 2009 in Ningbo, China. It lists the international advisory committee members and provides details about the conference topics, location, host universities and information about the city of Ningbo, China. It also includes the table of contents for the conference proceedings, which includes papers on various topics related to mathematical biology and ecology.
UNESCO has been a partner in the World Water Forum since 2003, leading themes on transboundary water management and water cooperation. At the 6th Forum, UNESCO coordinated Priority Action 1.5 on contributing to cooperation and peace. UNESCO established the International Hydrological Programme in 1970 to address challenges relating to water resources management, including the management of transboundary aquifers through initiatives like ISARM and PCCP. ISARM aims to improve understanding of transboundary aquifers and supported the 2008 UN Resolution on the law of transboundary aquifers. UNESCO also works on projects related to groundwater governance and could contribute to a water legislation helpdesk by disseminating its work and using its legal
Living Planet Report 2012: Biodiversity, Biocapacity and Better Choices | Pub...ymontepara
The Living Planet Report 2012 documents declining trends in biodiversity and increasing human pressures on natural resources. The Living Planet Index shows a 30% decline in biodiversity globally since 1970 across terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. The report highlights the need to make better choices to place natural systems at the center of economies and lifestyles in order to reverse these trends and ensure a sustainable future for both nature and humanity.
Advances in Geological and Geotechnical Engineering Research | Vol.2, Iss.3 J...Bilingual Publishing Group
Reassessing Groundwater Potentials and Subsurface water Hydrochemistry in a Tropical Anambra Basin, Southeastern Nigeria
Re-examination of Hydrochemistry and Groundwater Potentials of Cross River and Imo-Kwa-Ibo Intersecting Tropical Basins of SouthSouth Nigeria
Examination of Surface Water Along River-Rima Floodplain in Wamakko, Sokoto State, Nigeria
The Effect of Molybdenum Rate in Soil on Multiple Sclerosis: Case Study New Zealand and Isfahan (A Review )
Geology and Geochemistry of Iroko-Granites Southwestern Nigeria: Implication on Provenance
This document introduces a toolkit for creating inclusive, learning-friendly environments. It begins with a foreword emphasizing the importance of inclusive education in the Asia-Pacific region. It then acknowledges the many contributors to the toolkit and the sources that informed its development. Finally, it provides an overview of the toolkit, stating that it is meant to help teachers, administrators, and students make classrooms more inclusive of students from diverse backgrounds and with varied abilities.
● Articles
△ KRIFS Quartet Model Improving Livelihoods and Fueling Tourism in Kitagwenda District, Western Uganda
△ Gendered Perceptions of Climate Variability and Change among Local Communities Living around Queen Elizabeth National Park in Uganda
△ Culture Dynamics across the World Today: Tourism and the Palette of Imagination
△ Road Network Analysis with GIS and GRASS-GIS: A Probabilistic Approach
△ Using Landsat Images to Determine Water Storing Capacity in Mediterranean Environments
Dr. Tracey Benson explores connections between art, science, place and identity through several long-term collaborative projects. Some of her key projects include Big Banana Time Inc, Scalpland, Fauxonomy, Finding Balance: Mura Gadi, Words for Water, and Way of the Turtle. These projects use a variety of media like augmented reality, video, and photography to engage with scientific research and share knowledge about places and cultures. Dr. Benson also works to build connections between creative communities through organizations like Intercreate Trust and TransArts Alliance.
This document summarizes a research project assessing groundwater quality in Redemption Camp, Ogun State, Nigeria. Water samples were collected from 10 major boreholes serving the local community and analyzed for physical and chemical parameters, including pH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, cations, anions, metals, chloride, nitrate, and total hardness. The results found that pH and total dissolved solids ranged from 5.3-7.2 and 24-208 mg/L, respectively. When compared to WHO and Nigerian drinking water standards, the water quality parameters indicate the water is not suitable for drinking without treatment but can be used for domestic and industrial purposes.
This document is a report from Handicap International on a survey of 1,645 landmine and explosive remnants of war survivors in 25 countries. It acknowledges the survivors who shared their experiences and volunteers who conducted interviews. The report contains individual country chapters summarizing the situation for survivors in each location, and sections on external support for victim assistance, global progress on assistance, conclusions and suggestions for improved assistance going forward.
The Role of Indigenous Peoples in Biodiversity Conservation The Natural but ...Dr Lendy Spires
This document provides an overview of the World Bank's efforts to support indigenous peoples' participation in biodiversity conservation programs and projects. It analyzes the Bank's biodiversity portfolio of 596 projects, finding that only 109 (18%) supported indigenous peoples. Of those, just 32% fully engaged indigenous peoples. It identifies key factors for successful projects, such as assigning land rights and respecting indigenous decision-making. The document concludes with lessons learned for improving indigenous participation, such as creating indigenous-led conservation areas and respecting indigenous organizational structures.
SSCC has been a lead partner in this global exercise with numerous partners, including UNESCO and other members of the UN family, Senate, the House of Representatives and the Government of the Philippines under the guidance of its eminent member Cecile Alvarez. Cecile is UNESCO Artist for Peace, Director of Earthsavers UNESCO Dream Centre and President of the ITI Social Change Network.
The Manila event was originally scheduled for March 2020, but has been postponed to December 2021 due to covid 19. This webpage will contain regular updates on the Festival and Forum and a separate webpage is currently being created for the Manila event.
UPDATED PROFILE(FOR GREAT MEN AND WOMEN OF SCIENCE CAMBRIDGE).PAUL IGBOJI
This document provides a biography of Dr. Paul Ola Igboji, including his educational background, career history, areas of research, and list of publications. Some key details:
- He was born in 1963 in Nigeria and holds a PhD in Environmental Sciences from the University of Essex.
- He currently works as a Professor of Soil Science and Environmental Management at Ebonyi State University in Nigeria.
- His research focuses on environmental modeling, monitoring, and education related to soil, water, and air health.
- He has over 30 publications in peer-reviewed journals and has supervised many graduate and undergraduate research projects.
The Chronicles_May_edition_2022-compressed-file-20220508035203-189.pdfamulya123
The St. Xavier's College organized a farewell ceremony for graduating students of the MBS 2019, BBS 2016, and BBS 2017 batches. The event was filled with cultural performances like dances and songs. Alumni from the batches shared their college memories. The principal, director, vice principal, and HOD addressed the students and wished them luck for their future. Excellence awards were given and graduating students received certificates. The event allowed seniors and juniors to bond and reminisce on their time at the college before the graduates embarked on their new journeys.
Exploitation of Groundwater for Irrigation in Nganjuk District, East Java, In...Repository Ipb
This document contains summaries of multiple papers related to agricultural information and technology. The papers cover a wide range of topics including modeling and simulation, data acquisition, decision support systems, knowledge management, and more.
This report summarizes a study on adolescent and youth perspectives on education quality in Kosovo, Georgia, and Tajikistan. Over 2,000 youth between ages 13-24 were surveyed across the three countries. Key findings include:
1) Demand for education is very high, with 86-93% of youth saying they want more education than they currently have. This is also true among youth who dropped out of school, with 72-87% of dropouts wanting more education.
2) However, youth face many barriers to achieving their education goals, such as high costs, inadequate facilities, and inability to complete their education.
3) While efforts have been made to improve education, youth call for more
Interesting data and facts that will make you feel more proud and love Indonesia. Premiere edition of information about Indonesia's natural wonders and potentials, what it stands and what so unique about this archipelago.
What Outdoor Adventures Await Young Adults in Montreal's Surrounding NatureSpade & Palacio Tours
Experience Montreal's vibrant culture and thrilling outdoor adventures. From hiking scenic trails at Mont-Saint-Bruno to kayaking the Saint Lawrence River, there's something for every adventurous young adult. Explore street art, camp under the stars, and immerse yourself in nature's beauty just beyond the city's bustling streets.
Nesreen Ghaddar
GEO-5 Regional Assessment Coordinators:
Africa: Charles Sebukeera
Asia and the Pacific: Ashbindu Singh
Europe: Ronald Witt
Latin America and the Caribbean: Jaap van Woerden
North America: Frank Turyatunga
West Asia: Adel Farid Abdel-Kader
Polar Regions: Jinhua Zhang
GEO-5 Thematic Assessment Coordinators:
Atmosphere: Anna Stabrawa
Biodiversity: Graciela Metternicht
Coastal and Marine: Silvia Giada
Environmental Governance: Fouad Ab
This document outlines the Post-2015 Dialogues on Culture and Development consultation process organized by UNESCO, UNFPA and UNDP to inform the elaboration of the Post-2015 Development Agenda. National consultations were held in 5 countries in 2014 and global consultations included a call for papers, e-discussions and thematic events. The consultations discussed how culture can contribute to achieving sustainable development, particularly within the themes of culture and poverty reduction, culture and education, culture and gender equality, culture and sustainable cities, culture and environment, and culture and inclusion. A final event was held in Florence, Italy in 2015 to conclude the Dialogues.
The Relationship between Water Resources Use Efficiency and Scientific and Technological Innovation Level: Case Study of Yangtze River Basin in China
Effects of Different Cations on the Flocculation and Sedimentation of Static Fine-Grained Sediments
Sustainability Evaluation of Mangrove Forest Management System of Tagbanua Tribe in Bgy. Manalo, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines
Maximizing Oil Palm Yield: Innovative Replanting Strategies for Sustainable Productivity
Hydrogeological Investigations of Groundwater and Surface Water Interactions in the Berg River Catchment, Western Cape, South Africa
Energy Emissions Profile and Floating Solar Mitigation Potential for a Malaysia's State
Comparison of Machine Learning Methods for Satellite Image Classification: A Case Study of Casablanca Using Landsat Imagery and Google Earth Engine
Hyperspectral Inversion and Analysis of Zinc Concentration in Urban Soil in the Urumqi City of China
SAR Change Detection Algorithm Combined with FFDNet Spatial Denoising
Bodwell's Graduation 2015 Program highlights the schedule of events and participants of Bodwell High School's 24th Graduation Ceremony. It takes place on Friday March 20th 2015 at Bodwell and features the guest speaker and founder/CEO of Kiip, Brian Wong.
Since 1991, Bodwell has offered an engaging Grade 8 to 12 curriculum for boys and girls, at a beautiful waterfront campus in the city of North Vancouver. Our student body is comprised of students from over 40 countries. This diverse mix gives students an opportunity to learn from each other and become well-rounded, thoughtful, responsible, members of a global community.
This document provides information about the 5th WSEAS International Conference on Mathematical Biology and Ecology that was held from January 10-12, 2009 in Ningbo, China. It lists the international advisory committee members and provides details about the conference topics, location, host universities and information about the city of Ningbo, China. It also includes the table of contents for the conference proceedings, which includes papers on various topics related to mathematical biology and ecology.
UNESCO has been a partner in the World Water Forum since 2003, leading themes on transboundary water management and water cooperation. At the 6th Forum, UNESCO coordinated Priority Action 1.5 on contributing to cooperation and peace. UNESCO established the International Hydrological Programme in 1970 to address challenges relating to water resources management, including the management of transboundary aquifers through initiatives like ISARM and PCCP. ISARM aims to improve understanding of transboundary aquifers and supported the 2008 UN Resolution on the law of transboundary aquifers. UNESCO also works on projects related to groundwater governance and could contribute to a water legislation helpdesk by disseminating its work and using its legal
Living Planet Report 2012: Biodiversity, Biocapacity and Better Choices | Pub...ymontepara
The Living Planet Report 2012 documents declining trends in biodiversity and increasing human pressures on natural resources. The Living Planet Index shows a 30% decline in biodiversity globally since 1970 across terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. The report highlights the need to make better choices to place natural systems at the center of economies and lifestyles in order to reverse these trends and ensure a sustainable future for both nature and humanity.
Advances in Geological and Geotechnical Engineering Research | Vol.2, Iss.3 J...Bilingual Publishing Group
Reassessing Groundwater Potentials and Subsurface water Hydrochemistry in a Tropical Anambra Basin, Southeastern Nigeria
Re-examination of Hydrochemistry and Groundwater Potentials of Cross River and Imo-Kwa-Ibo Intersecting Tropical Basins of SouthSouth Nigeria
Examination of Surface Water Along River-Rima Floodplain in Wamakko, Sokoto State, Nigeria
The Effect of Molybdenum Rate in Soil on Multiple Sclerosis: Case Study New Zealand and Isfahan (A Review )
Geology and Geochemistry of Iroko-Granites Southwestern Nigeria: Implication on Provenance
This document introduces a toolkit for creating inclusive, learning-friendly environments. It begins with a foreword emphasizing the importance of inclusive education in the Asia-Pacific region. It then acknowledges the many contributors to the toolkit and the sources that informed its development. Finally, it provides an overview of the toolkit, stating that it is meant to help teachers, administrators, and students make classrooms more inclusive of students from diverse backgrounds and with varied abilities.
● Articles
△ KRIFS Quartet Model Improving Livelihoods and Fueling Tourism in Kitagwenda District, Western Uganda
△ Gendered Perceptions of Climate Variability and Change among Local Communities Living around Queen Elizabeth National Park in Uganda
△ Culture Dynamics across the World Today: Tourism and the Palette of Imagination
△ Road Network Analysis with GIS and GRASS-GIS: A Probabilistic Approach
△ Using Landsat Images to Determine Water Storing Capacity in Mediterranean Environments
Dr. Tracey Benson explores connections between art, science, place and identity through several long-term collaborative projects. Some of her key projects include Big Banana Time Inc, Scalpland, Fauxonomy, Finding Balance: Mura Gadi, Words for Water, and Way of the Turtle. These projects use a variety of media like augmented reality, video, and photography to engage with scientific research and share knowledge about places and cultures. Dr. Benson also works to build connections between creative communities through organizations like Intercreate Trust and TransArts Alliance.
This document summarizes a research project assessing groundwater quality in Redemption Camp, Ogun State, Nigeria. Water samples were collected from 10 major boreholes serving the local community and analyzed for physical and chemical parameters, including pH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, cations, anions, metals, chloride, nitrate, and total hardness. The results found that pH and total dissolved solids ranged from 5.3-7.2 and 24-208 mg/L, respectively. When compared to WHO and Nigerian drinking water standards, the water quality parameters indicate the water is not suitable for drinking without treatment but can be used for domestic and industrial purposes.
This document is a report from Handicap International on a survey of 1,645 landmine and explosive remnants of war survivors in 25 countries. It acknowledges the survivors who shared their experiences and volunteers who conducted interviews. The report contains individual country chapters summarizing the situation for survivors in each location, and sections on external support for victim assistance, global progress on assistance, conclusions and suggestions for improved assistance going forward.
The Role of Indigenous Peoples in Biodiversity Conservation The Natural but ...Dr Lendy Spires
This document provides an overview of the World Bank's efforts to support indigenous peoples' participation in biodiversity conservation programs and projects. It analyzes the Bank's biodiversity portfolio of 596 projects, finding that only 109 (18%) supported indigenous peoples. Of those, just 32% fully engaged indigenous peoples. It identifies key factors for successful projects, such as assigning land rights and respecting indigenous decision-making. The document concludes with lessons learned for improving indigenous participation, such as creating indigenous-led conservation areas and respecting indigenous organizational structures.
SSCC has been a lead partner in this global exercise with numerous partners, including UNESCO and other members of the UN family, Senate, the House of Representatives and the Government of the Philippines under the guidance of its eminent member Cecile Alvarez. Cecile is UNESCO Artist for Peace, Director of Earthsavers UNESCO Dream Centre and President of the ITI Social Change Network.
The Manila event was originally scheduled for March 2020, but has been postponed to December 2021 due to covid 19. This webpage will contain regular updates on the Festival and Forum and a separate webpage is currently being created for the Manila event.
UPDATED PROFILE(FOR GREAT MEN AND WOMEN OF SCIENCE CAMBRIDGE).PAUL IGBOJI
This document provides a biography of Dr. Paul Ola Igboji, including his educational background, career history, areas of research, and list of publications. Some key details:
- He was born in 1963 in Nigeria and holds a PhD in Environmental Sciences from the University of Essex.
- He currently works as a Professor of Soil Science and Environmental Management at Ebonyi State University in Nigeria.
- His research focuses on environmental modeling, monitoring, and education related to soil, water, and air health.
- He has over 30 publications in peer-reviewed journals and has supervised many graduate and undergraduate research projects.
The Chronicles_May_edition_2022-compressed-file-20220508035203-189.pdfamulya123
The St. Xavier's College organized a farewell ceremony for graduating students of the MBS 2019, BBS 2016, and BBS 2017 batches. The event was filled with cultural performances like dances and songs. Alumni from the batches shared their college memories. The principal, director, vice principal, and HOD addressed the students and wished them luck for their future. Excellence awards were given and graduating students received certificates. The event allowed seniors and juniors to bond and reminisce on their time at the college before the graduates embarked on their new journeys.
Exploitation of Groundwater for Irrigation in Nganjuk District, East Java, In...Repository Ipb
This document contains summaries of multiple papers related to agricultural information and technology. The papers cover a wide range of topics including modeling and simulation, data acquisition, decision support systems, knowledge management, and more.
This report summarizes a study on adolescent and youth perspectives on education quality in Kosovo, Georgia, and Tajikistan. Over 2,000 youth between ages 13-24 were surveyed across the three countries. Key findings include:
1) Demand for education is very high, with 86-93% of youth saying they want more education than they currently have. This is also true among youth who dropped out of school, with 72-87% of dropouts wanting more education.
2) However, youth face many barriers to achieving their education goals, such as high costs, inadequate facilities, and inability to complete their education.
3) While efforts have been made to improve education, youth call for more
Interesting data and facts that will make you feel more proud and love Indonesia. Premiere edition of information about Indonesia's natural wonders and potentials, what it stands and what so unique about this archipelago.
What Outdoor Adventures Await Young Adults in Montreal's Surrounding NatureSpade & Palacio Tours
Experience Montreal's vibrant culture and thrilling outdoor adventures. From hiking scenic trails at Mont-Saint-Bruno to kayaking the Saint Lawrence River, there's something for every adventurous young adult. Explore street art, camp under the stars, and immerse yourself in nature's beauty just beyond the city's bustling streets.
A list of budget-friendly things that families can do in San Antonio! Dive into its rich history and vibrant culture at iconic landmarks like the Alamo. Explore colorful Market Square and stroll along the scenic River Walk. Enjoy family-friendly fun at Brackenridge Park and capture breathtaking views at the Tower of the Americas—all without breaking the bank!
Ibiza, situated in the Balearic Islands, stands out as a destination that encompasses everything: stunning landscapes, hidden gems to explore, a vibrant social scene, rich cultural life, and exceptional gastronomy. Opting for ‘Ibiza Rent A Boat’ to experience an unforgettable vacation on the White Island is certainly worthwhile, prompting a deeper exploration of the unique and fascinating aspects of Ibiza.
Our Bahrain Visa PowerPoint Presentation offers a detailed and comprehensive guide to the Bahrain visa application process. It is designed to assist travelers, travel agents, and businesses in navigating the various visa types, including tourist, business, work, student, and family visas. Each section provides an in-depth look at eligibility criteria, required documents, and step-by-step application procedures. Additionally, the presentation includes valuable tips for avoiding common application mistakes, an overview of processing times, and details on fees and payment methods. This presentation aims to ensure a smooth and successful visa application experience, making travel to Bahrain as seamless as possible.
JourneyPalette is an innovative SaaS platform for seamless adventure discovery and booking, offering personalized recommendations, organized curated adventure styles for easy exploration, and a strong focus on sustainability and cultural preservation.
You can easily change/correct a name on your flight ticket under the American Airlines name change policy. The airline provides multiple online and offline modes to place a name change request. To learn more about how to change a name on American Airlines ticket, you can directly approach the airline’s customer support. Moreover, you can connect with a flight expert at +1-866-738-0741 for quick assistance.
Experience the magic of bioluminescence at Puerto Rico's Bioluminescent Bay with our guide to optimal viewing. Plan your visit during the new moon phase for vibrant displays, and consider dry season from December to April. Book a guided tour, choose calm nights, and respect the environment for an unforgettable adventure.
jaipur metro: stations, timings and latest newsnarinav14
Jaipur Metro, a significant development in the realm of urban transportation, has transformed the way residents and visitors navigate the Pink City. Inaugurated in 2015, the metro system has steadily expanded, providing a fast, efficient, and eco-friendly mode of transport
Traveling with Frontier Airlines through Boston Logan International Airport offers a budget-friendly and efficient experience. With the modern facilities at Terminal C, extensive services, and amenities provided by Frontier, passengers can enjoy a comfortable journey. Whether you're a frequent flyer or a first-time traveler, this guide aims to help you navigate BOS with ease and make the most of your trip.
Sicily's Coastal Charms: Discovering the Top 5 Beaches on the IslandTime for Sicily
Nestled in the azure embrace of the Mediterranean, Sicily boasts a coastline dotted with breathtaking beaches. From secluded coves to lively shores, each offers a unique slice of paradise. Among the island's gems, Mondello Beach entices with its golden sands and crystal-clear waters, while San Vito Lo Capo enchants visitors with its powdery shores framed by rugged cliffs. For a taste of history and natural beauty, Scala dei Turchi beckons with its striking white cliffs, while Isola Bella captivates with its picturesque islet setting. Sicily's coastal charms await exploration, promising unforgettable seaside adventures. For more information, visit the website https://timeforsicily.com/the-top-5-beaches-in-sicily-for-this-summer/
Explore Architectural Wonders and Vibrant Culture With Naples ToursNaples Tours
Discover the historical gems and vivid culture of Naples with our guided tours. From the vivid narrow streets of Spaccanapoli to the ancient ruins of Pompeii, the city offers a mixed bag of adventurous experiences. Book your tickets today https://www.naples.tours/ and experience the best of Naples!
The Inca Trail to Machu Picchu is an unforgettable adventure, blending stunning natural beauty with rich history. Over four days, trekkers traverse diverse landscapes, from lush cloud forests to high mountain passes, encountering ancient Inca ruins along the way. Each step brings you closer to the awe-inspiring sight of Machu Picchu, revealed at sunrise from the Sun Gate. The journey is challenging but incredibly rewarding, offering a profound sense of accomplishment. With its combination of breathtaking scenery and cultural significance, the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu is a must-do for those seeking an extraordinary adventure in Peru.
Prepare for cold weather rafting with proper gear: layering for warmth, insulated headgear, gloves, waterproof footwear, and essential accessories like sunglasses and sunscreen. Prioritize safety with a life jacket and maintain gear for optimal performance. Stay warm, dry, and ready for adventure on the rapids!
3. Foreword
Water in a Changing World: As the title of the third edition of the World Water
Development Report (WWDR3) suggests, we live in a world where adaptation to change
has become a critical necessity in many areas to assure the socio-economic well-being
of societies. Climate, social and economic conditions, markets, consumer values and
technology are only a few of the areas of change that the WWDR3 describes and
discusses in detail. This case study volume complements and compounds the analyses
provided in the report by taking a critical look at the state of water resources, varying
conditions and the resilience of national mechanisms for coping with change. It
examines these and other elements in 20 case studies from four regional settings
involving 23 countries and numerous small island developing states.
Since the inception of the World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP) in 2000, case
study development has been an integral part of the programme’s work, and our case
study partners have significantly contributed to the contents of the World Water
Development Reports. The study projects initiated in participating countries served as a
platform bringing relevant national stakeholders together to identify the gaps in
knowledge, the shortcomings in the legislative system and the aspects of institutional
capacity that need to be enhanced. Case study development has provided an impetus
for the national agencies responsible for water management to organize their data
collection and reporting efforts more efficiently. It has also helped raise public
awareness of the global water crisis and the visibility of integrated water resources
management on national agendas. Most importantly, in the process, the skills and
experience of both local water professionals and policy-makers are engaged and
enhanced. WWAP activities have also influenced action elsewhere, thanks to actively
conducted research on the protection and sustainable use of water resources.
In the past nine years, the number of case studies has continuously risen, from seven
in the WWDR1 to 20 in the WWDR3. The coverage figures have also changed, from
12 countries in the WWDR1 to over 23 in the WWDR3. Over the life of the programme
to date, more than 54 countries have been covered at basin or national level. This
prompted the WWAP Secretariat to allocate more space to present findings of the case
study projects. Hence the need for a separate, stand-alone publication.
It is my great pleasure to present this volume, Facing the Challenges, where you will find
case studies initiated in Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America, providing a succinct
account of the state of freshwater resources in a range of physical, climatic and socio-
economic conditions. Our readers will also be able to find comprehensive case study
reports on our website (www.unesco.org/water/wwap/wwdr/wwdr3/case_studies/).
I would like to express my appreciation to all our country partners who actively
participated in the development of the WWDR3 and to Mr Engin Koncagül, the case
studies coordinator, for his work in making this volume possible.
I trust you will find this report both informative and stimulating.
Olcay Ünver
WWAP Coordinator
WORLD WATER DEVELOPMENT REPORT 3
4. Acknowledgements
Special thanks to: Olcay Ünver Republic of Korea
Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs
Editor: Engin Koncagül
Spain (Autonomous Community of the Basque Country)
Editorial team: Alison McKelvey Clayson, Rebecca Brite Iñaki Urrutia Garayo, Josu Sanz, Fernando Díaz Alpuente, Mikel
Publications Coordinator: Samantha Wauchope Mancisidor, Tomás Epalza Solano, Ana Oregi Bastarrika, Sabin
Graphics Coordinator: Akif Altundas
¸ Intxaurraga Mendibil
Maps: AFDEC
Sri Lanka
Contributors: M. M. M. Aheeyar, Sanath Fernando, K. A. U. S. Imbulana, V. K.
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay Nanayakkara, B. V. R. Punyawardena, Uditha Ratnayake, Anoja
(La Plata River basin) Seneviratne, H. S. Somatilake, P. Thalagala, K. D. N. Weerasinghe
Víctor Pochat, Silvia González, Verónica Iuquich, Miguel Ángel
López Arzamendia, staff of Intergovernmental Coordinating Sudan
Committee of the La Plata River Basin Abdalla Abdelsalam Ahmed, Kodwo Andah, Abdin Salih, Gamal
Abdo
Bangladesh
Ministry of Water Resources, Mozaddad Faruque, Jalaluddin Md. Swaziland
Abdul Hye, Md. Mustafizur Rahman, Azizul Haque, A. H. M. E. J. Mwendera, Kodwo Andah, Department of Water Affairs
Kausher, Md. Anwarul Hoque, Md. Azharul Islam, Md. Shahjahan,
Saiful Alam, Hosne Rabbi, Andrew Jenkins Tunisia
Mustapha Besbes, Abdelkader Hamdane, Jamel Chaded, Mekki
Brazil and Uruguay (Lake Merín Basin) Hamza
Gerardo Amaral, José Luis Fay de Azambuja, Ambrosio Barreiro,
Artigas Barrios, Jorge Luiz Cardozo, Daniel Corsino, Aldyr Garcia Turkey (Istanbul)
Schlee, Adolfo Hax Franz, Henrique Knorr, Juan José Mazzeo, Fiona Aynur Ulugtekin, Vildan S
˘ ¸ahin, Gürcan Özkan, Canan Hastürk,
Mathy, Joao Menegheti, Jussara Beatriz Pereira, Claudio Pereira, S. Erkan Kaçmaz, Aynur Züran, Gülçin As kın, Zeynep Eynur, Canan
¸
Martha Petrocelli, Carlos María Prigioni, Hamilton Rodrigues, Silvio Gökçen, Turgut Berk Sezgin, Selami Oguz
˘
Steinmetz, Manoel de Souza Maia, Carlos María Serrentino
Uzbekistan
Cameroon Sh. I. Salikhov, Eh. Dj. Makhmudov, Anna Paolini, Abdi Kadir
Mathias Fru Fonteh, Kodwo Andah Ergashev
China Zambia
Shang Hongqi, Sun Feng, Sun Yangbo, Pang Hui, Dong Wu, Song Peter Mumba, Ben Chundu, Adam Hussen, Peter Lubambo,
Ruipeng, Jin Hai, Hao Zhao, Xu Jing, Ramasamy Jayakumar, Liu Ke Kenneth Nkhowani, Friday Shisala, Christopher Chileshe, Peter
Chola, George W. Sikuleka, Joseph Kanyanga, Priscilla Musonda,
Estonia Hastings Chibuye, Christopher Mwasile, Liswaniso Pelekelo, Andrew
Harry Liiv, Karin Pachel, Erki Endjärv, Peeter Marksoo Mondoka, Imasiku A. Nyambe, Zebediah Phiri, Lovemore Sievu,
Mumbuwa Munumi, Osward M. Chanda
Finland and Russian Federation (Vuoksi River basin)
Sari Mitikka, Raimo Peltola, Bertel Vehviläinen, Noora Veijalainen,
Riitta-Sisko Wirkkala, Natalia Alexeeva
Italy
Beatrice Bertolo, Francesco Tornatore
Netherlands
Cathelijn Peters, Sonja Timmer, Olivier Hoes , Marcel E. Boomgaard,
Jan Strijker, Rens L. M. Huisman, Jan Koedood, Eric Kuindersma, Tim
van Hattum, Hans Waals, Joost J. Buntsma, Michelle J. A. Hendriks ,
Ed R. Kramer, Frans A. N. van Baardwijk
Pacific islands
Marc Overmars, Ian White, Hans Thulstrup
Pakistan
Mi Hua, Ch. Muhammad Akram, Zamir Somroo
5. Contents
Foreword iii
Overview vii
Section 1 Africa
Cameroon 2
Sudan 5
Swaziland 8
Tunisia 12
Zambia 15
Section 2 Asia and the Pacific
Bangladesh 20
China: the Yellow River basin 24
Pacific islands 27
Pakistan: the Cholistan desert 31
Republic of Korea: the Han River basin 33
Sri Lanka: the Walawe River basin 36
Uzbekistan: the Aral Sea basin 39
Section 3 Europe and North America
Estonia 44
Finland and the Russian Federation: the Vuoksi River basin 47
Italy: the Po River basin 51
The Netherlands 55
Spain: the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country 58
Turkey: Istanbul 61
Section 4 Latin America and the Caribbean
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay: La Plata River basin 66
Brazil and Uruguay: Lake Merín basin 71
6. Turkey
Figure 3.8 Combined rainfall in Istanbul for December,
January and February, 50 year average
467.7
500.0
432.2
405.2
450.0
371.4
368.7
362.8
362.5
355.1
400.0
354.0
346.6
346.6
340.5
331.7
329.6
315.2
312.5
350.0
301.8
297.9
295.1
291.8
293.3
287.8
288.5
287.7
212.2
251.1
264.0
282.6
229.7
213.6
254.0
248.7
220.1
241.5
241.3
267.6
274.4
220.9
238.9
224.4
Rain (mm)
Turkey: 300.0
275.2
250.0
204.9
207.6
194.9
191,0
189.9
181.6
175.2
172.9
Istanbul 200.0
142.2
150.0
66.7
100.0
In coping with the challenges and demands of a 50.0
megalopolis suffering the effects of an unplanned 0.0
1957-58
1959-60
1961-62
1963-64
1965-66
1967-68
1969-70
1971-72
1973-74
1975-76
1977-78
1979-80
1981-82
1983-84
1985-86
1987-88
1989-90
1991-92
1993-94
1995-96
1997-98
1999-00
2001-02
2003-04
2005-06
urban boom, officials are relying on significant
2006
infrastructure investment, public information
campaigns and better enforcement of city planning Rainfall (Dec-Feb) 50 year average
regulations.
Background projection, coupled with water demand scenarios,
Istanbul, located in north-western Turkey, has a indicates that the onset of a water crisis is likely by 2030.
population of over 12 million (Turkish Statistical In response, remedial actions are being taken, ranging
Institute, 2007). Home to 17.6% of the country’s from water saving campaigns (Box 3.6) to projects
population, it is the largest city in Turkey and one of the transferring water to Istanbul from as much as 150 km
25 largest in the world. Uniquely, by virtue of its away.
situation straddling the Bosphorus strait, it has a
presence on both the European and Asian continents State of the resource: monitoring, water transfer
(Map 3.6).1 and expanded treatment facilities
Water to meet the needs of metropolitan Istanbul comes
Climate change and variability: anticipating from the Marmara and Melen basins, whose combined
problems water potential (including artificial storage) amounts
Although the data do not indicate a clear declining trend to about 3.34 billion m3. Groundwater resources are
in rainfall in Istanbul and its surroundings (Figure 3.8), limited; their annual potential is around 0.175 billion m3.
extreme events – especially droughts – seem more To protect this precious resource, regulations prohibit
pronounced than in the past. In 2006, the measured the drilling and operation of wells without obtaining
rainfall of 66.7 mm was the record low for the previous a permit. Depending on quality, some groundwater
50 years, a period during which the average was resources are mainly used for drinking water supply
257.2 mm per year. Furthermore, the water level in while others meet water needs in industry. However,
reservoirs serving the city was just 45% in 2004, and uncontrolled settlement and over-abstraction have
plummeted to around 25%
in 2007 and 2008 (ISKI,
2008). Officials at Istanbul Map 3.6 Istanbul
Water and Sewerage
Administration (ISKI),
using the Inter-
governmental Panel on
Climate Control scenario
of a 2°C temperature
increase by 2030, have
estimated the likely
decrease in total reservoir
capacity due to higher
evaporation rates. Their
calculations revealed that
the water potential of the
city might drop by as
much as 14% over the
next two decades. This
1
Except where otherwise noted,
information in this case study is
adapted from the draft Istanbul Case
Study Report, prepared in 2008 by
ISKI and DSI.
CASE STUDY VOLUME: FACING THE CHALLENGES 61
7. 3. Europe and North America
Box 3.6 Water saving campaigns
Given climatic variation and the lower Foundation for Combating Soil Erosion, Such campaigns also pave the way
than average rainfall of recent years, for Reforestation and the Protection of towards implementation of the EU Water
water saving campaigns are now Natural Habitats (TEMA) and the Istanbul Framework Directive, which focuses
considered an important measure for Metropolitan Municipality, proved quite heavily on the need to keep the public
raising awareness among Istanbul effective. It resulted in a decline in daily well informed about water management
residents about climate change and its water consumption from 2.35 million m3 issues and to devise participatory
impact, and for promoting sustainable to 1.9 million m3 by promoting basic approaches for solving problems.
use of the limited freshwater resources. water saving methods that households can
Source: Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration
apply. ISKI estimated that 18 million m3 of
For example, the ‘Don’t Waste Your Water’ water was conserved during the course of
campaign, a joint effort of the Turkish the campaign.
diminished groundwater levels and led to saltwater the Istanbul Water Administration (ISI) took over
intrusion in coastal areas. The decline in the water table responsibility for managing the city’s water resources.
due to unsustainable abstraction ranges from 30 metres
to as much as 150 metres in some areas. Both surface Intensive internal migration to Istanbul resulted in a
and groundwater quality is monitored through 51 obser- population boom and unplanned urbanization in the
vation stations scattered throughout the two basins. shape of shanty towns on the outskirts of the city.
These conditions, which made it all but impossible
In 2007, the amount of water resources in use was for the ISI to meet everyone’s water and sanitation
1.42 billion m3. This means 40% of the water potential is needs in a city astride two continents, necessitated the
being exploited, on average. However, geographic and establishment of institutions with the financial and
seasonal disparities in the distribution of water resources, human resources needed to cope with the challenges.
coupled in recent years with severe drought, have Today, ISKI and the General Directorate of State
necessitated interbasin water transfer projects to provide Hydraulic Works (DSI) are the main institutions
more water where needed in Istanbul. For example, the responsible for developing water resources for Istanbul.
Melen Project Phase I, which became operational in DSI was founded in 1954 and is responsible for planning,
December 2007, supplies an additional 0.27 billion m3 of managing and developing all water resources in Turkey.
water per year. With the full realization of similar ISKI, founded in 1982, is charged with setting up
projects, some 66% of the potential water resources and maintaining water and sanitation infrastructure,
would be made available for use. managing surface and groundwater resources for
domestic and industrial use, collecting, treating and
As of 2007, ISKI operated six large water treatment plants disposing of wastewater, and protecting water resources
and a number of smaller units. ISKI’s master plan for from pollution. It is also responsible for river
water, which included construction of treatment plants, rehabilitation within greater Istanbul.
was based on projections of population growth and an
accompanying increase in water demand. However, the Although investment by both institutions has helped
projections proved to be overestimates, and the address water-related problems in Istanbul, a lack of
treatment plants currently operate at 61% of capacity. coordination among various agencies dealing with water
Although the existing plants can keep up with management in the city, combined with a complex and
population growth in the near future, new facilities are fragmented division of authority that makes it difficult
being planned and constructed to assure the long term to enforce regulations, is a critical issue that stands in the
needs of the Istanbul metropolitan area. way of effective water governance.
Some 0.2 billion m3 of treated wastewater is discharged The main challenges
from Istanbul into the sea every day. To make more Service coverage and expansion of the metropolitan
efficient use of water resources and cope with periods of area: In 1900, Istanbul was one of the few cities in the
drought, water recycling plants are being planned, with world with a population of 1 million, and it took almost
the first one expected to be operational in 2009. 70 years for this number to double. However, with the
onset of east to west migration in the mid-1970s, the
Institutional mechanisms for water and sanitation population more than quadrupled in just 20 years’ time,
service provision reaching some 6.6 million in 1990. Since then the
In its long history, Istanbul has served as the capital population has again almost doubled, making Istanbul
of many great civilizations. During the time of the one of the world’s 25 most populous cities. Most of its
Ottoman Empire (ca 1299–1922), water structures dating estimated 12 million people live on the European side. In
from Roman times were improved and extended, and 2004, the borders of the city were extended significantly,
aqueducts, reservoirs, wells and cisterns were added to increasing ISKI’s service area from 1,972 km2 to
improve freshwater supply to a growing population. 5,342 km2 (or 6,500 km2 if one includes the basin areas
After 1923, when the Republic of Turkey was founded, outside the provincial borders). These figures make clear
62 WORLD WATER DEVELOPMENT REPORT 3
8. Turkey
the sheer magnitude of the challenge involved in The Golden Horn Environmental Protection Project,
providing basic water and sanitation services to the city. with a total cost of some US$650 million, received first
prize in 2002 from the World Association of the Major
However, thanks to significant investment, which Metropolises (Altınbilek, 2006).
especially gained momentum from the mid-1990s to
total US$3.6 billion between 1994 and 2004, the water Unplanned urbanization: Unplanned urbanization
supply and sanitation infrastructure has improved through illegal construction is a serious problem in
considerably. Water storage capacity, for example, Istanbul. It entails risks of socio-economic losses,
increased from 0.59 billion m3 in 1994 to 1.17 billion m3 especially if structures are built in flood prone areas like
in 2005. In addition, ISKI formulated the Water Master those near river embankments. Such settlements are
Plan in 2004 to address long term needs to 2040 by either not connected or illegally connected to water
taking into account population estimates, water demand, supply and sanitation infrastructure. Illegal connections
water resources availability, water purification and can lead to water pollution, environmental degradation,
sewerage work, etc. The plan includes new large water and discontinuity in service provision due to resultant
supply projects, such as pipelines to bring water from the malfunctioning of local infrastructure. The combination
Asian side to the European side (e.g. the Melen Project), of these factors often leads, in turn, to health problems.
to meet projected demand (Altınbilek, 2006). As part of an effort to prevent illegal urban development
in protected water basins, ISKI uses remote sensing
River improvement and environmental protection: technology to run a basin information system for
River improvement projects are necessary to ameliorate periodic monitoring of structural changes in its service
the quality of urban life and protect residents from area. The system has allowed municipal authorities to
socio-economic hazards associated with flooding. detect illegal construction in a relatively short time and
They become even more critical in densely populated to intervene accordingly.
settlements like Istanbul, where the rate of infrastructure
expansion cannot keep up with the increase in demand Conclusions
stemming from continued internal migration. Such Istanbul is one of the great metropolitan areas of
unplanned growth also creates serious problems with the world, but it is suffering from unplanned and
enforcement of urban planning rules and building codes. accelerating urbanization. Seasonal and geographic
variations in water availability, coupled with pollution
Many projects have aimed to restore the quality of rivers and wasteful water use, put the resource under ever-
that had turned into open sewers, especially during the increasing pressure. The authorities are working seriously
1990s. Unfortunately, due to a lack of financial resources, to address quality issues and improve the coverage of
only 313 km of the 1,825 km of streams within the water supply and sanitation services. Nevertheless, there
boundaries of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality is still some progress to be made in terms of service
have so far been improved. provision, public awareness raising, implementation of
laws and regulations, and the much needed political will
The best example of environmental restoration in to move forward.
Istanbul concerns the Golden Horn. Once the pearl of
Istanbul, the Golden Horn became an environmental References
disaster after its surroundings turned into an unplanned Altınbilek, D. 2006. Water Management in Istanbul. Water Resources
Development, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 241–53.
industrial zone housing docks, factories and warehouses.
Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (ISKI). 2008. Barajların Doluluk
By 1985 around 700 industrial plants and 2,000 Oranları [Water level in reservoirs].
workshops had been opened along the Golden Horn. http://www.iski.gov.tr/web/statik.aspx?KID=1000717 (Accessed
Hundreds of thousands of tonnes of waste were dumped December 2008.)
directly into the waterway every year, gradually Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (ISKI)/General Directorate of
State Hydraulic Works (DSI). 2008. Istanbul Case Study Report. (Draft.)
destroying all aquatic life. Finally, in the late 1980s, the Turkish Statistical Institute. 2007. 2007 Nüfus Sayımı Sonuçları [2007 census
Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Government and results]. http://www.scribd.com/doc/1250825/TUK-Adrese-Dayal-Nufus-
ISKI joined forces to save the Golden Horn by Kayt-Sistemi-2007-Nufus-Saym-Sonuclar (Accessed October 2008.)
constructing wastewater collectors, tunnels, pumping
stations, wastewater treatment plants and related
utilities, thus revitalizing the environment of the area.
CASE STUDY VOLUME: FACING THE CHALLENGES 63