History Chapter 5 Pastoralists in the Modern World 1. Who are the Pastoral Nomadic communities of Jammu and Kashmir? Explain their annual movement. Ans. The GujjarBakarwals migrated to Jammu and Kashmir in the 19th century in search of pastures for their animals. In winter when the high mountains were covered with snow, and there was lack of pastures at high altitude, they moved to the low hills of the Siwalik. The dry scrub forests here provide forage to their herds. By the end of April the began their northern march for their summer grazing grounds. With the onset of summer the snow melted and the mountain sides became lush green. By the end of September, the Bakarwals started their backward journey. 2. What is 'Kafila'? Ans. 'Kafila' is where several households of nomadic people come together for their journey. Example: 'Kafila' of Gujjar Bakarwals with their herds during their seasonal movement from higher to lower hills. 3. Who are Gujjar? What is the pattern of migration of the Gujjar herders? Ans. The Gujjar herders originally came from the state of Jammu and Kashmir. In the 19th century, search for pastures brought them to the hills of Uttar Pradesh. The Gujjar herders in winters came down to the dry forests of the 'Bhabar' and in summers they went up to the high meadows,I.e. the 'Bugyals'. 4. Who are 'Gaddis'? Ans. Gaddis are shepherds of Himachal Pradesh who like other pastoral communities of Himalayas (for example, Gujjar Bakarwals) follow a cycle of seasonal movement determined by cold and snow. 5. Name any four nomadic tribes of North India along with the region they belong. Ans. Names Region (a) Gujjar Bakarwals - Jammu and Kashmir (b) Gaddis - Himachal Pradesh (c) Sherpas. - Himalayas (d) Bhotiyas - Himalayas (e) Kinnauris. - Himalayas 6. Who were Dhangars? Ans. The Dhangars were an important pastoral community of Maharashtra. 7. What were their (Dhangar's) occupations? Ans. They were mostly shepherds, some were blanket weavers and others were buffalo herders. 8. Why were they continuously on the move?Explain how the pattern of cyclical movement of Dhangars is defined by the changing weather. Ans. Dhangars were continuously on the move because of: (1) Need for search of new pastures for their cattle. (2) They lived in a semi-arid central plateau of Maharashtra during the monsoon. Due to poor soil only dry crops like Bajra could be sown here. In the monsoon this region became a vast grazing ground for Dhangar flocks. (3) In October after harvesting their Bajra they moved to Konkan area because of the rich agricultural tract and availability of stubble. (4) After the Kharif harvest the Dhangar flocks were welcomed by the locals of Konkan because they manured the fields and fed on stubble. (5) The Konkani peasants gave Dhangars supplies of rice in return for their services. (6) They moved away from the Konkan area with the onset of monsoons as the sheep could not tolerate w

1. SUBJECT – SST CLASS 8TH
NAME - SHIVANSH SONI ROLL - 835
Winter vacation homework

2. festivals
 Diwali
Diwali is also known as to be the
festival of lights. It is the most
important festivals of hindu religion.
It is celebrated during the hindu
lunisolar months of Ashvin. Diwali
symbolises the spiritual “victory of
light over darkness, good over evil,
and knowledge over ignorance. This
festival is widely associated with
goddess of prosperity, lakshmi and
god of wisdom, Ganesh.

3. festivals
 Holi
Holi is also known as to be
the festival of colour, festival
of love and festival of spring.
Holi is an ancient hindu
religious festival and one of
the most popular festival in
Hinduism. It celebrates the
eternal and divine love of
Radhakrishna. In 2023 it is
going to be celebrated on 8
march.

4. festivals
 Navaratri
This festival is associated to
the prominent battle that took
place between durga and
mahishasura to celebrate the
victory of god over evil.
These nine days are solely
dedicated to durga and her
nine avatars. Durga, lakshmi
and saraswati are worshipped
during Navaratri. In 2023 it is
going to be celebrated during
15 October to 24 October.

5. festivals
 Janmashtami
The janmashtami festival
marks the birth of krishna,
which is one of the most
popular deities worshipped
by hindus. He is thought
have been born in 3228 BC.
His birthday is celebrated
eight days after
rakshabandan, which is a
festival celebrating the bond
between brothers and sisters.
In 2023, it is going to be
celebrated on 7 September.

6. festivals
 Christmas
The origins of Christmas stem
from both the pagan and roman
cultures. The Christmas is one
of the biggest festival in
Christian religion as it is the
birth date of Jesus Christ who
according to the Christian
religion, is the son of god. The
name is joining of “Christ” and
“mass” which means the holy
mass (super celebration of
festival) of Christ. It is
celebrated on 25 December
every year.

7. foods
 Dosa
Dosa is a Southindian food,
it is rich in carbohydrates
and protein, sugar-free and
gluten –free, a Dosa is a
complete and healthy food.
Nutrition wise Dosa is better
than roti since the batter is a
combination of rice and urad
dal and fenugreek seeds.
Roti is just wheat flour and
water.

8. foods
 Matarpaneer
This recipe is not healthy as
it is very high in calories
but very tasty. The paneer
(fresh cheese) and matar
(peas) stew with a spicy and
slightly sweet sauce
accompanied by fresh
cilantro. The combination
of all ingredients results in
an impressive explosion of
flavor.

9. foods
 Sushi
Sushi is a Japanese dish of
prepared vinegared rice,
usually with some sugar and
salt, accompanied by a variety
of ingredients, such as
seafood, often raw and
vegetables. Styles of sushi and
its presentation vary widely,
but the one key ingredient is
“sushi rice,” also referred to as
shari, or sumeshi.

10. foods
Chole bhatoore
Chole bhatoore is called
chickpea curry with fried
flatbreads. It is a combination
of fried bread called bhatura
and spicy chickpeas (chole).
But it is not so healthiest and it
is not good recipe for
diabetics, heart and weight
loss. This recipe uses plain
flour or maida which is refined
carb not suitable for healthy

11. foods
 Gulabjamun
Gulab jamun is a sweet confectionary
or dessert, originating in the Indian
subcontinent and a type of mithai
popular in India, Pakistan,
Bangladesh, Nepal, Maldives as well
as Myanmar. Gulab jamuns are
definitely sweet, but the addition of
cardamom and rose flavors create a
more complex flavor profile. The
dough is traditionally made with dried
milk powder, which gives it a unique
texture, that easily melts in your
mouth.

12. dance
 Kathak
Kathak is one of the eight major
forms of Indian classic dance. It
is the classical dance from of
Uttar Pradesh. The origin of
kathak is traditionally attributed
to the travelling bards in ancient
northern India known as
kathakars or storytellers. it is the
dance of northern India and it is
a dance of love. It is performed
by men and women both.

13. dance
 Folk dance
A folk dance is a dance that
reflects the life of the people of
a certain country or region. Not
all ethnic dances are folk
dances. For example, ritual
dances or dances of ritual
origin are not considered folk
dances. Ritual dances are
usually called “religious
dances” because of their

14. dance
 Bharatanatyam
Bharatanatyam is a major form
of Indian classical dance that
originated in tamil nadu. It is
one of the eight widely
recognised indian classical
dance forms, and expresses
south indian religious themes
and spiritual ideas, particularly
of shaivism and in general
hinduism. Lord Shiva is
considered to be the god of
bharatnatyam.

15. dance
 Contemporary dance
Contemporary dance is a style of
interpretive dance that embraces
innovation, blending techniques
from various genres, including
classical ballet, jazz, modern
dance, and lyrical dance.
Contemporary is an important
genre of dance performed in
societies around the world,
celebrated by people both young
and old.

16. dance
 Ballet dance
Ballet is an art form created by the
movement of the human body. It is
theatrical– performed on a stage to
an audience utilizing costumes,
scenic design and lighting. It can
tell a story or express a thought,
concept or emotion. Ballet dance
can be magical, exciting, provoking
or disturbing. Ballet originated
during the Italian renaissance in the
fifteenth century and later
developed into a concert dance
form in France and Russia.

17. occupations
 Engineer
Engineers, as practitioners of
engineering, are professionals who
invent, design, build and test
machines, complex systems,
structures and gadgets to fulfill
functional objectives and
requirements while considering
the limitations imposed by
practically, regulation, safety and
cost.

18. occupations
 Fire fighter
A firefighter is a first responder
and rescuer extensively trained
in firefighting, primarily to
extinguish hazardous fires that
threaten life, property, and the
environment as well as to rescue
people and in some cases or
jurisdictions also animals from
dangerous situations.

19. occupations
 Photographer
Photographers use a variety of
photographic equipment to
capture events, people, objects
or scenes for records, art or
commercial use. Many
photographers begin their
careers as photographic
assistants, setting up lights and
stands, arranging transport and
occasionally acting as a ‘second
shooter’.

20. occupations
 Chef
Chef responsibilities include
studying recipes, setting up
menus and preparing high
quality dishes. Chef should be
able to delegate tasks to kitchen
staff to ensure meals are
prepared in a timely manner.
Also, Chef should be familiar
with sanitation regulations.

21. occupations
 Pilot
Airline pilot is the role responsible
for formulating a flight plan taking
into accordance aircraft
performance, altitude, fuel, and
weather and flying the plane. It
also includes tasks like conducting
pre-flight checks, collaborating
with flight attendants and ensuring
the rules of the aircraft are being
adhered too.

22. Sst homework
thankyou
Theend