Window buying guid ( 1st edition)

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Windows Buying Guide – 2017
More Info Follow us : #Smart_window
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Window Buying Guide
“First Edition”

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Content:
1. Introduction.
2. What to look for in a new window?
3. New window requirements
4. Materials
a. Timber windows
b. uPVC windows
c. Aluminum windows
d. Composite windows
5. What suitable Window for different Kind of Houses?
a. Traditional houses
b. Suburban housing
c. Modern architectural
6. Window Glass & Glazing Types.
a. Single glazing
b. Double glazing
c. Triple glazing
d. Quadruple glazing
7. Types of glass
a. Low E glass
b. Security glass
c. Sound reduction glass
d. Colored glass

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e. Leaded glass
f. Obscure glass
8. Window Styles & Designs
a. Casement windows
b. Dual turn windows
c. Tilt and turn windows
d. Sliding Sash windows
e. Tilt Sliding sash window
f. Georgian windows
g. Custom shaped windows
h. Fixed pane glass windows
9. How to choose a window style that's right for your home?
a. Combining window styles
b. Window frames
10. How are windows made?
11. Window seals
12. Window accessories & fittings
13. Energy Efficient Windows
14. Questions to ask before you buy new windows
15. References

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Introduction.
“Window Buying Guide” is very useful for everyone need to answer:
How choose the right window for my home?
New windows are usually installed when the homeowner wants to change
the size or shape of the current window opening and put a completely new
window in its place. This generally requires the work of a contractor to
complete the installation and surrounding carpentry.
While new windows generally do not cost more than replacement, the
additional labor adds to the overall price. A big advantage of new windows is
that you have the option to completely change the appearance and feel of
your home both inside and out.
Finding the perfect windows for your home can be a daunting task – new
windows need to deliver on a wide range of requirements to keep you safe,
warm and comfortable for many years to come. That’s why we’ve decided to
use our 15 years of research, design and development experience to help
you purchase wisely.
In this guide we use British Standard for Performance of windows and doors.
And most popular and trusted companies’ sites of UK, Germany and USA for
Classification for additional performance characteristics and guidance on
selection and specification.

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What to look for in a new window?
Anybody who is yet to buy a window could be forgiven for thinking that one
window is pretty much the same as another.
There's more to choosing a window than meets the eye. Not only do you
have to decide on the window style that will suit your home, but frame
material, type of glazing and opening options are all important elements to
consider before buying a window.
We believe that in helping you understand the more technical aspects of
glazing, we can help you make the right decisions, leading you to windows
that will help keep you safer, warmer and happier for many years to come.
That’s why we’ve created this comprehensive guide to help you understand
everything you need to know about windows.

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New window requirements
Everyone’s needs, tastes and requirements are different, but the ideal
window should offer the following benefits:
 Be easy to maintain and clean
 Let in a good amount of light
 Look good and be aesthetically in-keeping with your home
 Be highly secure with multi-point locks and mechanisms
 Have glass that can’t be removed from outside of the home
 Have a high energy rating (A+32 is currently the highest) to reduce
energy bills
 Be made-to-measure, therefore fit perfectly into the aperture of your
home
 Keep out Dust and Weather pollution.
 Not move or rattle when the wind blows
 Long lasting guarantees that cover all areas of the window (not just the
glazing)
 Add value to your home

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Materials
Modern window materials & new technologies
Historically, windows were made using timber frames. Steel windows came
into use in the early part of the 20th century, followed by aluminum in the
post-war period. But as good conductors of heat, metal windows easily let
heat escape from a home. uPVC windows were introduced in the 1980s as a
more energy efficient type of window, and remain the most popular window
material to this day.
The modern uPVC window has been in development now for over 40 years.
During this time, a great deal of effort has gone into creating something that
not only looks fantastic, but also performs to the highest security,
performance and environmental standards now expected by the EU and UK
Governmental regulations.
Advances in manufacturing technology means that modern windows offer
better performance than ever before. Whichever material you choose, your
new windows are likely to beat your current windows for security, strength,
energy efficiency and lifespan.

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uPVC windows
UPVC is ‘unplasticized polyvinyl chloride’. It is a polymer derived from
ethylene (from natural gas) and chlorine
(from salt water).
There are a number of industrial
chemical processes involved in its
production.
One of the ingredients, vinyl chloride
monomer, is a carcinogen. There are
strict EU controls to prevent exposure to
this ingredient during
manufacture and to prevent harmful
emissions.
Stabilizers are added to improve uPVC’s
resistance to heat and sunlight. Some
stabilizers have contained the
harmful heavy metals cadmium and lead.

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In the EU, cadmium stabilizers have been phased out. Lead stabilizers have
been reduced significantly (by 81.8% between 2000 and 2011) and are on
track to be completely phased out by the end of 2015.
Long lasting and low maintenance, offering high performance at affordable
prices.
uPVC is often touted as a miracle material for windows that ticks all the
boxes for any project. The truth is that uPVC is a good all-round material that
makes smooth and stylish frames that will never rot, flake or rust. uPVC
windows are still among the most energy efficient available, and – with
excellent double glazing – can achieve up to an A+12 Windows Energy
Rating.

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uPVC is a popular choice for windows as
it offers fantastic value for money,
although for some it may lack the unique
charm of other materials.
However, it is now possible to buy uPVC
windows designed to emulate traditional
timber frames, to such an extent that it
can be difficult to tell them apart.
It used to be
that you could
have any
window, as long
as it was white.

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Now uPVC frames are available in a
range of colors, guaranteed to last a
lifetime with extensive
guarantees against frame
discoloration. Many windows also
now contain lead-free uPVC, which is
an important environmental and
health factor.

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The main
environmental
concerns about
uPVC relate to what
happens at the end
of its useful life.
UPVC windows are
estimated to last up
to 35 years. After
that time, they can
become brittle,
showing cracks, and
lose their glossy
appearance,
attracting algal
growth.
They can be painted, even though a
principal selling point is that they
are supposed to be maintenance-
free. (this Just available in EU right
now)

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Historically in the UK, uPVC waste ended up in landfill or was incinerated
(resulting in contaminated ash, which was
then landfilled). Incineration of any waste containing chlorine can result in
formation of harmful dioxins.
The uPVC industry is now developing a range of recycled
products. Frames made from 98% recycled uPVC are
now
available. The bulk of the frame is made from recycled
uPVC and the surface is laminated with a thin coating of
new ‘virgin’ uPVC. Such frames have been given an A*
rating by BRE. In 2009, they won the Best Recycled
Product
Award at the National Recycling Awards, for frames
manufactured and installed in a social housing project in
Manchester. The carbon footprint for that project was
6% of the equivalent carbon footprint had the frames
been made from virgin uPVC.

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Most popular Upvc Windows Profiles founded in Egyptian Market:
1- Germany Profiles:
Like (Profine Group “Kommerling, KBE” - VIKA)
2- Turkish Profiles:
Like (Deceuninck - Adopen “Wintech” – Firat “winhouse” – Kompen –
Proline – Polywin).
3- Egyptian Profiles:
Like (Protech – Emapen – Manazel - HIYU).
4- K.S.A Profiles:
Like (Wintek – Faza).
5- Jordanian Profile:
Like (Architekt)

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Timber windows
Offers the lowest thermal conductivity. Classic looks, but is most expensive.
Timber is the highest performing material in terms of energy efficiency, as it
is a natural insulator that absorbs and retains heat. Timber windows are
seen to be most attractive, but natural materials such as wood require more
looking after to keep them at their best.
Timber frames can be made from both softwood and hardwood. Softwood is
faster growing and more plentiful, so it's cheaper. Hardwood grows slower

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and is more durable, so tends to be more expensive. Modern timber frames
are engineered to be stronger, meaning they will not warp or bow, and can
also be treated to resist rot and fungus.
What are the advantages of timber?
Timber is a natural material which grows well in our climate. It has some
significant plus points:
Timber is a natural
material. Apart from some
tropical hardwoods and
some North American and
Siberian softwoods, the
timber process is
sustainable. In many
countries, more trees are
planted than harvested,
especially in Scandinavia.
Properly maintained
timber windows can last
100 years or more.
Timber frames can be
mended relatively easily.
At the end of its useful life, timber can be used as an environmentally
friendly bio-fuel.

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The added beauty of timber is that it can have a stained or painted finish,
and it is the only material that can be repainted a different color at a later
date, so personalizing the look of your home becomes even easier.
Aluminum windows
Slim frames let the lightest in. Stylish exterior is ideal for modern properties.
Aluminum windows are used in structural
glazing and other commercial construction
projects due to its strength. In domestic
properties, this allows for a much thinner
window frame and a larger glass surface
area, letting more light into the room.
As a metal, aluminum is a natural heat
conductor, letting heat pass through
easily. Aluminum windows feature a
thermal barrier in the frames, which
reduces heat loss through the frames. In
the last 10 years, thermal barrier
technology has improved massively, and
aluminum windows can now achieve
almost the same high energy ratings as
uPVC windows.

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Aluminum windows are also extremely weatherproof and low maintenance. But
not either uPVC windows, unlike other metals, aluminum does not corrode, so
window frames will not rot, flake or rust.
It used to be that you could have aluminum windows in any color as long as it
was silver, but not anymore! A powdered coated finish allows a wide range of
colors to be chosen for the frame – including non-metallic colors.
Light yet strong, aluminum windows and doors can be configured into a wide
variety of combinations. The narrowness of the frame places the focus on the
glass and subsequently, the view it offers. Multi-panel door systems are often
made with aluminum frames to facilitate
indoor/outdoor living. aluminum frames are
available in anodized or baked-on finishes for
long lasting color. Sealed, mechanically joined
corners stay square and true over years of use.
Aluminum is not recommended in beach homes
for while the material is water resistant, it can
suffer corrosion from salt water and salt air.
The corrosion affects hardware operation and
frame performance.
Compared with vinyl, fiberglass and wood
frames, aluminum conducts heat and cold the
least well.

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To reduce heat flow, we offer a Thermally Improved Aluminum frame in select
regions. Thermally Improved Aluminum windows and doors are equipped with
thermal breaks to separate the interior and exterior surfaces and improve energy
efficiency.
Composite windows
‘Super windows’ that offer the benefits of
many window materials combined.
Composite windows combine the benefits of
different materials, to offer the best
strength, security, energy efficiency,
aesthetics and lifespan.
One popular option combines the
craftsmanship and detailing of timber
windows with the benefits of the uPVC
material. Another option is aluminum-clad
timber, for a low maintenance and
weatherproof window that offers all the
charm of a classic wooden window from the
inside.
Note : This type is not available in M.E ( just in Europe)

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Which material should I choose for my new windows?
Deciding on the best window material for your property can be a challenge. The
good news is that window engineering has advanced considerably in the last 15,
25 or even 50 years since your last windows were installed – meaning that you
will definitely notice the benefits of upgrading your windows, no matter which
frames you choose.
With improvements in window design, traditional differences between materials
are slowly disappearing.

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You can now get uPVC windows that are virtually indistinguishable from their
timber counterparts, as well as stylish aluminum frames that look exactly like uPVC
windows, only slimmer.
That being said, some materials still suit some properties better than others:
Traditional houses
Houses built before the 20th century would have originally
had wooden windows, and still suit these today. Countryside
cottages, 1930s semis and Victorian terraces are examples of
period properties where timber windows are perfectly suited.
With sliding sashes or period detailing, modern uPVC
windows can sometimes replicate these styles, but for a truly
authentic feel, there’s no replacement for timber.
Why not try timber casement windows with Georgian bars
or sliding sash windows?

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Suburban housing
Properties in housing developments
built from the 1960s onwards tend to
have white uPVC windows.
Replacement uPVC windows are a
great choice to retain this timeless
look, and they can be customized with
a variety of frame colors to add a
unique touch. If you’re looking to
maximize light in your home, such as
in a basement flat, aluminum windows
are a sleek alternative.
Why not try uPVC casement windows?
Modern architectural
For that stylish ‘Grand Designs’ look,
there’s no better choice than
aluminum. Used in structural glazing,
aluminum is a strong material that can
hold larger glass units – letting in large
amounts of light. Aluminum frames are
almost ‘flush’, meaning they sit flatter
than uPVC frames and have neater lines
– ideal for angular designs.
Why not try aluminum structural
glazing or uPVC casement windows?

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Of course, these are only suggestions and you can choose almost any type of
window for your home. If you need more assistance, ask your advisor for more
suggestions tailored to your property.

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Window Glass & Glazing Types
Originally, windows only had one job, and that was to let light into a building. The
first windows were made with pieces of crown glass held together by lattice
leading. Soon after, the invention of thinner and flatter plate glass led to larger
squares of glass held together by wooden glazing bars.
Float glass was invented in the late 1950s, allowing for the quicker production of
large, flawless glass sheets. This helped spur on the development of more
advanced glazing. Double glazing became the norm from the 1970s onwards, as
energy efficiency, comfort and security became more important to homeowners.
So how does double glazing work? And why are more panes of glass better?

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Glazing options
Single glazing
Does a job, but offers limited sound insulation, security and energy efficiency.
A surprising number of houses in Egypt are still only single glazed. Windows can
be one of the greatest sources of heat loss in a home, and one pane of glass is
not sufficient to retain heat.
Complaints about old single
glazed windows include:
cold spots near the window,
draughty frames, freezing
cold house and noise
pollution from the outside –
all problems that will
disappear by upgrading to
new double glazing.
Installing single glazing is still
a requirement on occasion
where planning or
conservation regulations
apply. Along with timber frames, single glazing helps a property retain its period
look. Another way to improve insulation under these circumstances is to install
secondary glazing.

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Double glazing
The minimum standard for new windows and the most popular choice.
Double glazing is one of the most effective ways to improve the insulation of a
home, creating a warm and comfortable living environment.
In a double glazed window,
two panes of glass are joined
by a spacer bar, and the gap
between the panes traps warm
air, slowing the escape of heat
from a building.
In addition, the best windows introduce an inert gas such as argon gas in this
space, which further limits the movement of cold air.
In the UK, all new buildings must
include at least C rated double
glazed windows as standard, but
many companies are offering
double glazing that can achieve an
A or even A+ rating.

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Triple glazing
Safer, quieter and warmer windows.
Triple glazing contains a third pane of glass, creating an extra cavity which traps
warm air and reduces heat loss through the sealed unit. Triple glazed
windows are better at retaining heat generated within the home, whilst reducing
overheating in summer.
A common misconception about triple glazing is that the improvement in thermal
performance is due to the extra pane itself. However, it is more about the types
of glass and coatings used, the gas filled sealed unit, and also the distance
between the panes.
Is triple glazing really any better than double glazing? Ultimately, triple glazing
provides next-level heat and sound insulation. It is up to 35% more effective than
double glazing for thermal efficiency, and reduces outside noise by up to 35
decibels.

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For some properties, triple glazing isn’t high priority, but it’s recommended for
houses next to busy roads, train lines and under flight paths, or in typically colder
areas.
Quadruple glazing
Ambitious, but a step too far?
Some firms have tried to introduce a fourth pane of glass, but there is currently
very little demand in Egypt to develop quad glazing.
Colder countries such as Canada and Switzerland are already using quadruple
glazed windows, but the UK doesn't plunge to such low temperatures that it
would justify the need for thicker windows.

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In some cases, a good triple or double glazed window can be as thermally
efficient as a brick wall. Also, the cost of quad glazing is likely to outweigh the
thermal benefits that an extra pane will bring.
Secondary glazing
A practical alternative to double glazing for conservation areas
There are instances when it is not possible to physically replace a window as you
may live in a listed building or conservation area, for example. Despite this, you
may very well feel you’re getting too much noise or cold air from outside.

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Secondary glazing is an additional window installed directly inside of the existing
window frame. It can help your home achieve thermal, security and
soundproofing benefits, whilst remaining invisible to the outside.
Types of glass
It’s not all about the number of panes of glass – new technologies have been
developed that make window glass stronger, shatterproof, clearer and quieter.
Consider which types of glass would be best suited to the requirements of your
windows.
Low E glass
Invisible reflective coating
Low emissivity glass has an
invisible, thin coating
applied to its surface that
reflects heat. It is
strategically placed on the
inner pane of glass to help
keep heat indoors, helping
to maintain a comfortable
temperature.

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Low iron glass
Clearer, allowing for more light
Windows that contain low iron glass
are noticeably clearer. They allow a
higher level of light to pass through
compared to older glass types, which
sometimes have a slightly green tint.
Security glass
Thicker glass, laminated or toughened to enhance security.
Security glass is available in a range of sizes and thicknesses depending on your
security needs. Typically, laminated glass is 6.4mm thick (compared to 4mm for
standard glass), and contains a thin plastic interlayer that prevents the glass from
smashing. Toughened glass is up
to five times as strong as ordinary
glass of the same thickness.
Security glass is used as an outer
pane in a double glazed unit,
adding an extra layer of security to
the window as a whole.
Toughened glass must also be
used for fixed lights in side panels
to doors, as well as in windows
close to the ground.
Sound reduction glass

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Outstanding levels of noise reduction
Sound reduction glass windows
contain an inner pane that is 6.4mm
thick supported by an outer pane
that is an incredible 10mm thick.
Together, they provide excellent
sound insulation. A thin and
lightweight solution to noise
problems, silent windows are a
powerful alternative to triple
glazing.

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Coloured glass
Enhancing the character of your window and home
Add colored shapes, patterns
and beveled designs into the
glass itself. Decorative glass
looks beautiful in top hung
fanlights – the top sashes of
casement windows – as well as
feature windows in halls and
stairwells. Colored glass is
similar to stained glass
windows, but it doesn’t
require leading to hold the
glass together.
Leaded glass
A new version of an old classic
Stylish strips of lead are a purely visual benefit that can be
added to your window in order to make it more
aesthetically pleasing. There are a range of leaded glass
options that suit both modern and traditional houses,
including square and diamond designs.

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Obscure glass
Maintains privacy with distinctive character
Obscure glass creates a ‘cloudy’ effect,
enhancing privacy by blurring out your home’s
finer details to passers-by. Also known as
privacy glass, there’s a variety of textures
available, such as leaves and flowers, as well as
grainy patterns.

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Window Styles & Designs
Window styles tend to be named after the way they function, and although
window companies give their ranges different names, they’re usually self-
explanatory. Casement windows open outwards, sash windows have sashes that
slide up and down, and tilting or turning windows usually open inwards or flip
around for ease of cleaning.
Most people opt for
casement windows –
these are the simplest to
operate and suit nearly
every home. However,
some houses will require
different window
designs, depending on
the project.

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Casement windows
Casement windows have emerged as the
most popular window style. They can be
hinged on the side to open left or right, or
hinged to open upwards. Extremely
versatile, casement windows can be
designed to suit a range of properties – with
over 250 frame designs. Modern technology
means they are very secure, with multiple
locking points along all sides of the frame.
Dual turn windows
Dual turn windows combine classic casement windows with modern pivot
technology. They work by pulling the window down and inwards to open, turning
the window on a pivot to fully reverse the sash. This is useful for cleaning both
sides of the window with ease, as well as allowing optimum airflow on a hot
summer’s day.

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Tilt and turn windows
Tilt and turn windows possess a dual
hinge arrangement that allows the
windows to tilt inwards using a hinge
at the bottom, as well as opening
inwards with a side hinge. Tidy and
efficient, these windows have been
designed for flats, apartments and
other upper stores, providing secure
ventilation and an easy way to clean
windows from the outside.

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Sash windows (Vertical)
Sash windows are among the most traditional window styles. Historically made
from timber, sash windows can now be made from uPVC, for a classic window
design that fulfils more modern day performance requirements.
There are several
different styles of sash
window available,
modelled on designs from
the Georgian, Victorian
and Edwardian periods.
Sash window designs vary
depending on the era, but
tend to have a thicker
frame depth and a deep
bottom rail.
Sash windows
traditionally operated on
a pulley system of cords
and weights, allowing
users to lift the sliding windows open and shut. Modern sash windows tend to
use a metal rod or ‘spiral balance’ to slide the window open. This device is
smaller and so allows for a larger glass area, letting more light enter the room.
But until now not available in Egyptian Market.

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Tilt sash window
Tilt sash windows have the appearance of a standard
sash window but as well as sliding, one or both of the
sashes tilt inwards for easy cleaning. Tilting sashes
have the attractive appearance of the traditional sash
window, but are more practical for the modern home.
Georgian windows
Georgian bars can be added to either casement or sash windows to add a touch
of traditional charm to your home. These bar details can sit internally or
externally – internal glazing
bars sit between the glass
panes and keep your windows
easy to clean, whereas
external bars sit on the surface
of the glass.
Another option is diamond or
square leaded glass designs –
these patterns are applied to
the outer pane of double
glazed units and are available
in many widths and colors.

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Custom shaped windows
Windows don’t have
to be rectangular, and
actually bespoke
shaped windows can
give your home a
unique edge. Every
good window
company will make
your windows to
measure, and arched,
round, angular and
apex windows can be
easily custom made.
Fixed pane glass windows
Often referred to as a ‘picture window’, fixed windows do not open, and so are
installed purely for letting
light into a space, or to
showcase the outdoors.
Fixed pane windows don’t
just have to be rectangular.
Circular or hexagonal portals
are popular, as are lancet
and other shaped fixed
lights in high or hard-to-
reach places.

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How to choose a window style that's right for your home?
Many people decide to replace their existing windows like-for-like, but with so
many window designs, frame styles and other decorative features, there could be
a better window out there to your home.
First, think about the
window’s functionality
– standard casement
windows are well
suited to most projects,
but if ventilation,
security or
maintenance are a
concern, it’s worth
checking out other
styles.
One way to make sure
your house looks top
class is to ensure that
each individual window appears balanced in its own right. We call this ‘window
framing’ – choosing a symmetrical window will enhance the aesthetics of your
property and create a lasting impression.
Whichever window style you choose, you can complement the look by
customizing with decorative glass, Georgian bars, and customizable fixtures and
fittings.

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Combining window styles
Houses often incorporate window sets made from different configurations. Many
of these window styles can be combined to create a row of windows, such as
sash windows fitted
together to create a
bay window, or a bow
window constructed
with Georgian style
windows.
The same applies
when choosing
windows for a
conservatory – it’s
possible to design any glazing project that takes your design and usage
considerations into account.
Window frames
Understanding how windows are
made is an important part of
understanding what makes a good
window. Window frames are an
important part of the window –
not just structurally, but because
different materials and finishes
impact on the energy efficiency,
security and overall appearance of
the window.

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How are windows made?
Window frames are constructed by taking long lengths of ‘profile’, cutting them
to size, and fixing the ends together to create a rectangle (or other shape!).
Different materials are fixed together in different ways – timber windows can be
‘joined’ together with interlocking sections, whereas uPVC frames are welded or
fused together under high heat.
aluminum windows are ‘mechanically joined’ to replicate the same process as a
wooden frame, giving a more classic look. Better quality uPVC windows are now
made using a ‘smooth welding’ process, resulting in a seamless and more
polished finish.
Timber window frames & joinery
Timber windows are made by fitting together solid lengths of wood that have
been pre-cut and styled by machine or hand. Good quality timber windows are
made using engineered wood that has been layered and compressed to increase
the structural stability of the frame. Timber is naturally insulating, and the frames
don’t require any other materials or parts.
uPVC window frames & chambers
You might think that because timber frames are made from solid pieces of wood
that all frames are created in this way, but it’s not the case. Timber is a naturally
insulating material, but uPVC windows work by trapping air in pockets within the
frame, reducing thermal conductivity and stopping heat from escaping.
These are called ‘chambers’ – the more air chambers a window frame has, the
more energy efficient the window can be. This is because each chamber provides
an additional barrier for the heat and the cold to contend with. The outer frame

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and the sashes can each have a different number of chambers, but numbers can
range from a 3-chambered frame to a highly energy efficient 9-chambered frame.
Aluminum window frames & thermal barriers
You might have heard that aluminum window frames are ‘cold’ and not as
energy efficient as uPVC. Well, the problem with older aluminum
windows was that the profile could only be ‘extruded’ in one piece, meaning
window frames used to be made entirely from metal – the worst material
for letting the heat escape!
Over the years, advances in manufacturing led to windows being made in
two parts, allowing for a polyamide thermal barrier to disrupt the transfer of
heat. Like uPVC windows, aluminum frames also contain energy efficient
chambers.
When we talking about Aluminum Windows we mean the imported Profile
Like:

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Window frame styles
If you have a keen eye for detail, you’ll want to choose the right frame
styling and detailing for your new windows. Windows can have clear, sharp
lines or a softer, curvier outline depending on whether you choose beveled
or oval frames.
Another popular design choice is windows with ‘flush’ sashes, meaning that
windows sit completely flat, with minimal frame depth. You might want to
choose flush windows if you want to replicate the flat façade of traditional
timber frames, however these windows do not offer the weatherproof
qualities as regular frames. At the other end of the spectrum, ‘stormproof’
windows are designed so that the sashes overlap the frames, to protect
against the elements.
Period features
Like fashion, window styles have changed over time, and there are certain
features that can tell you what era a
window belongs to. Georgian windows are
overlaid with astragal bars that divide the
sashes into six over six panes, Edwardian
sash windows sported sash horns, and
1930s windows use arched frames to give
a property its style.

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Good window companies understand the differences between different
historical window styles and can advise you about which period features you
should consider, which is especially important if you live in a period
property.
Previously, you could only expect to achieve fine detailing with timber
frames, but it’s now possible to replicate this style using modern uPVC or
composite materials. Some uPVC frames are manufactured with a
‘woodgrain effect’ finish, which emulate the texture of timber.

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Window seals
Window seals, or gaskets, sit between the frame and the glazing to stop air
leakage and water ingress, resulting in a fully airtight and weatherproof
window unit. Gaskets keep your home warm and dry, saving your frames
from becoming damp and rotting. It can be easy to overlook the importance
of good quality seals, but they really do help the all-round performance of a
window.
Gaskets are pre-fitted to windows before installation, and with modern
windows you won’t need to add any additional draught excluding seals.
Three types of seal are needed to
make a window fully weathertight:
 Window opener seals help
support the window all around
its edges
 Outer weatherproof
seals prevent water from
getting in from the outside
 Inner weatherproof seals keep
the window airtight and keep
draughts out of your home.

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Window accessories & fittings
Sometimes it’s the smallest features that make the biggest difference to
your window. Whether you’re after a sleek modern look or a sculptured
classical appearance,
the right frame
styling, handles and
other accessories
creates a superior
level of authenticity.
Handles
Window handles come with key locking
as standard and are usually available in a
range of colors and metallic finishes to
match the frame colour. Handles used to
have a ‘spur’ that wedged the sash shut,
but this feature is less common now that
key-handles are available.

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window furniture
The key to achieving an authentic-look sash window is in the furniture. Small
metal hook pulls sit at the foot of the sash, with sash fasteners locking the
window together.
Traditional weights and
pulley operated sash
windows also require a
hook on the wall in order to
fasten the cord.
Different eras have
different fashions, and it’s
no different with sash
windows. Professional
window companies will
know which sash window
fittings are meant for your
new windows.

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Traditional ironmongery
Modern windows can be made
to look exactly like their
traditional counterparts, right
down to the furniture. Ask for
traditional style handles, such as
monkey tail or tear drop handles.
Windows can also be decorated with peg stays – the period version of
modern-day friction stay hinges – that keep a window casement open at the
angle you want.
Locks, hinges & hardware
Your window will be constructed with different hardware depending on the
materials and how you want
the sashed to operate. The
important thing is that your
window company is using
quality locks, handles and
hinges that will keep your
window operational for years
to come, and will not fail.
Of course, there are other ways to accessories your new windows – these
include different frame colors (including two-color frames), decorative
glazing, and period features such as sash horns and Georgian bars.

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Window security
Installing secure windows in your home is important on a couple of fronts.
Firstly, strong frames and locks can protect your home against intruders,
significantly reducing the risk of break-ins and burglaries. Secondly,
restrictive window openings can create a safe environment, opening just
wide enough to ventilate a room without the risk of falling out.
The best way to compare windows’ security is to research their credentials.
Windows must achieve the British Standards certification PAS 24:2012 – the
minimum security standards required for residential properties. As of
October 2015.
Some windows also boast ‘Secured by Design’ accreditation, an initiative to
reduce crime through secure glazing.

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Internally beaded windows
Window glazing is held in place against the frame with a small strip called a
‘bead’ which runs along all the edges of the window sash.
Early uPVC windows had the option of external window beading, but this has
largely been dropped due to security concerns. Window beads used to be a
lot weaker and offered an easy opportunity for burglars to simply peel them
away and remove the glass.
Most windows nowadays have internal glazing beads (on the inside of the
window), which is the most secure option.

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Multi-point locking
There are many more options regarding locks than you might have first
thought, offering varying levels of safety and security.
Technically, a window with just two locking points can be considered “multi-
locking” but the more points that a window can be locked, the more secure
it is. There isn’t a standard number of mechanisms, but if you can find a
window that has
eight or more locking
points, you have
yourself an incredibly
secure window.
Bi-directorial locking
adds a layer of
complexity in the
frame that prevents
the intruder from
being able to jimmy
your window out of place.

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Key lockable handles
All modern window handles are key
lockable, which makes it infinitely
more difficult for potential intruders
to simply wriggle your windows
open. It also adds an extra safety
feature for top stores rooms
accessible by children and
vulnerable. It is recommended that
you leave your key inside the lock,
however, so you don’t need to look
for it in case of an emergency.
Egress hinges
Used for fire escape windows,
egress hinges allow a casement
window to open fully outwards
in order to provide a fire
escape.

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Opening restrictors
Opening restrictors limit how much a
window opens, either by connecting
the sash and the frame via a cable, or
by fitting key-lockable restrictors that
allow windows to open no more than a
couple of centimeters wide for
ventilation purposes.
The Royal Society for the Prevention of
Accidents reports that 4,000 children
under the age of 15 are injured falling
from windows every year – something
that could easily be prevented by using
window restrictors.

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Energy Efficient Windows
You’ve paid for your heating – it’s the job of your double glazing to keep the
heat in your home. Improvements in energy saving technology is arguably
one of the most significant developments over the past few years, not just
for the environment but for home comfort and money savings, too.
Up to a third of a home’s heat is lost through single glazing, and on average
upgrading to energy efficient windows can save around 20% in energy use.
Thermally efficient windows are at least double glazed, with low emissivity
glass, and an inert and non-toxic insulating gas like Argon between the
panes.
Combined with energy efficient frames, new double glazed windows can
achieve up to an A+12 Window Energy Rating (WER), and triple glazing can
achieve up to A+32. Upgrading your windows could save you up to 5000 L.E
on household bills every year.

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WER rating
The British Fenestration Rating Council (BFRC) created the WER rating
(Window Energy Rating) in order to simplify how effective a window is. The
rating system offers grades from A-G (with A being the best). If the window
is rated higher than an A it will
be followed by a number, and
anything above an A10
becomes A+. In October 2015,
the BFRC introduced the A++
rating for windows that achieve
higher than A+20. The highest
rating currently available within
the UK is A+32.
The WER rating is made up of three key elements: U value (low heat loss),
solar gain and air loss through ventilation.

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1. Thermal efficiency (U value)
A window’s U value is the technical way to measure heat loss through a type
of building material, such as a brick wall or tiled roof. U values are calculated
by the equation W/m2k, which measures heat loss in watts (W) per square
meter of material, when the temperature (k) outside is at least one degree
lower.
The lower the U value, the better the insulation provided by the material.
Single glazed windows have a typical U value of 4.8-5.6W/m²K, which means
that around 5 watts of heat are lost per hour, for every square meter of
window. Modern double glazing can achieve a U value as low as 1.4W/m²K,
and triple glazing is even more energy efficient, reaching 0.6W/m²K. This is
lower than the U value of an external wall.

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2. Solar gain (G value)
Solar gain is another factor that can boost a window’s energy rating. Not
only are windows now designed to stop heat escaping, but they can also let
heat in by capturing the sun’s rays. The idea is to capitalize on solar radiation
as a natural or ‘passive’ form of heating, reducing the dependence on
carbon energy to heat your home in the winter months.
The factors that influence the solar factor are the number of panes, the type
of gas between the panes, and also the type of coatings added to the
windows, as they dictate whether the glass absorbs or reflects the heat. It is
measured by the G value, on a scale between 0 and 1, with a high number
indicating high solar gain.
Contrary to what you might think, solar gain windows do not always lead to
overheating – the UK has a relatively cool climate and relatively little
sunshine, so overheating is rarely a problem! For rooms where sun streams
in during the afternoon, it could be worth considering upgrading to triple
glazing – the level of solar gain is actually less than double glazing, due to the
extra pane of glass and cavity.
3. Air leakage (L value)
Air leakage occurs when there is a weak point around the window frame,
such as the seals. Most modern windows are fully airtight, and should have
an air leakage factor or L-value of zero (0.00W/m²K).
Air leakage is not to be mistaken with ventilation. Ventilation is a controlled
system, letting in small amounts of fresh air to reduce stuffiness and
improve air quality, whereas air leakage will compromise the energy
efficiency of your window.

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4. Sound insulating windows
Upgrading to double or even triple glazed windows also has the benefits of
improving sound insulation in your home. The effect is like as moving a road
that’s just 5m from your home another 100m away – this means a quieter
and more relaxing living space, free from the noises of traffic from roads and
flight paths.
The same factors that increase a window’s energy efficiency also work for
noise cancellation: more panes of glass, Argon gas to fill the cavities and
airtight seals work together to give you more peace and quiet! You can even
get ‘silent sealed units’ with double-thickness glass that can cut noise down
by up to 36 decibels.
Can’t install double glazing in your property? If you’re restricted by
conservation planning rules, secondary glazing can also help to reduce the
noise from outside filtering into your home.

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Questions to ask before you buy new windows
Now that you know what makes a good window great, we advise you have a
think about your design preferences, the project requirements and the
impact on your home, before actively seeking to buy.
To help narrow down your search, ask yourself the following questions:
Question: How do I know if I need a new window?
Answer: The lifespan of a window depends on the quality of the product and
workmanship. A well-made and well-fitted window won’t have to be
replaced for decades.
Warning signs for needing to replace a window are:
1. Misted windows due to blown double glazed unit (failure of glazing seals)
2. Timber frames have warped or started to rot
3. Plastic has perished, is peeling or discolored
4. Windows rattle, or let in draughts and the cold
5. Sashes don’t open or close properly
6. Broken hinges, handles and locks
Another reason you might like to upgrade to better performing windows is if
you want to improve your home’s insulation, for example.
It’s common to experience these problems if your windows are over 20
years old. Sometimes it’s possible to repair a window, but like a car,

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replacement parts will only delay the inevitable – at some point the window
will need to be replaced.
Had your windows replaced recently? Alarm bells should be ringing. If you’re
experiencing these problems so soon, it’s likely that the window is faulty or
has not been installed correctly. It’s worth checking to see if you have an
active warranty (most companies offer a 10-year guarantee) or get in touch
with your double glazing installer to see if they are able to rectify the
problem or replace the damaged unit
Question: What color scheme will help set my home apart?
Answer: The majority of windows are replaced like-for-like, and for many
this means choosing white windows. However, modern windows are
available in the largest range of colors to date, and you’re not limited by the
material you choose any more: uPVC windows are available in natural wood
color frames, aluminum windows come in contemporary blacks and greys,
and both can be ‘dual colored’ for a different frame color inside and outside.
Heritage tones are surging in popularity, including Chart Well Green, Cream
Woodgrain and Anthracite Grey.
If you need more help choosing a color scheme for your windows, ask your
advisor for advice tailored to your property

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Question: How important is window security?
Answer: Up to a third of burglaries in a home occur through a window. This
could involve smashing the glass (single glazed windows are particularly easy
to break), removing external frame beads to simply lift the glass out, or
levering open the sash. A window is only as secure as its weakest part –
ensuring the frames, hardware and glazing all work together to prevent
entry is fundamental for your home’s security.
Good windows have multi-point locking, a key lockable handle and strong
frames and hinges. A simple way to check for enhanced security credentials
is by assuring that they have been certified to PAS 24:2012. Another tip is to
hide your valuables from view with curtains or blinds!
Around 15% of burglaries don’t involve any kind of forced entry, with
intruders climbing through an open window or door. It’s important to
remember to keep windows shut and locked when you’re outside of the
room, but if ventilation is important, consider tilt-in windows that only leave
a small opening

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Question: Do I have an obligation to retain the look of my property?
Answer: If you live in a listed building, conservation area or your house has a
restrictive covenant, you’ll need to follow certain guidelines to ensure your
new windows are “in-keeping” with the surrounding area.
Houses in conservation areas are subject to ‘Article 4 Directions’, which
restrict the work that you can do to the outside of your property, without
first getting planning permission. If this is the case, it’s often simpler to find a
company with previous experience of getting windows accepted in
conservation areas. Ask your window company for details of previous
projects that have been accepted by Planning Officers.
Other than these legal necessities, it’s up to you what style, color and glass
designs you want for your windows
Question: How do I find out if I live in a conservation area?
Answer: Conservation areas are in place to protect architectural and
historical buildings or places of interest, and are more common for
properties built before the turn of the 20th century. However, it’s always
worth checking before going ahead with a home improvement –
homeowners who go ahead without planning permission may be required to
pay again for a more sympathetic upgrade.

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Question: Should I go for a traditional or contemporary design?
Answer: Unless your house has a legal obligation to retain its appearance,
it’s your choice. Many people choose a traditional design to fit with their
home’s appearance, but in some circumstances modern, slim frames can
actually enhance the aesthetics of a property.
Get inspiration by browsing picture galleries and searching for similar
properties to your own. If you’re totally stuck or need some advice, get in
touch with a home improvement expert who can help you choose windows
that suit your home
Question: Which window material is the easiest to maintain?
Answer: Modern, high performance windows should last for decades to
come, needing only minimal maintenance. Some window parts now come
with lifetime guarantees, meaning that you will never need to worry about
plastic frame discoloration or misted windows.
uPVC frames are practically maintenance-free, and only require cleaning
occasionally by wiping down the frames with a damp cloth. Timber windows
can be cleaned in the same way, but will also need to be recoated using
microporous paint or stain every couple of years, when necessary.

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Question: Can installing new windows save money on energy bills?
Answer: One way to make your house more energy efficient is to upgrade to
better glazing. Single glazed windows lose a house up to a third of its heat
through the panes, meaning if you still have single glazing, you could save a
small fortune – up to 5000 L.E every year – just by upgrading your windows.
Of course, the potential amount you could save on energy bills depends on
the energy rating of your current windows, and how well they’re
performing.
Question: What is the energy rating of my new windows?
Answer: Energy ratings for windows are often calculated by two different
systems – Window Energy Rating (WER) and U values. WER ratings are
presented on a simple A++ to G scale, to make it easier to compare windows
across the board. U values make up part of this rating, and they are the
technical way to measure heat loss.
You can ask your window company for both these specifications when
deciding on a new window – they should be able to show you an ‘energy
license’ for the product. Average double glazing achieves around a C rating,
but superior windows can achieve up to A+12. Triple glazed windows can
reach a high of A+32.
It’s worth noting that the energy efficiency of a window is only as good as its
installation – a poorly fitted window with gaps around the edge can leak
heat and create draughts. That’s why it’s important to choose a company
that makes your windows to measure, so that they fit the aperture perfectly,
and properly seal the perimeter.

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Question: What kind of guarantee do the windows come with?
Answer: It’s important to make sure your new windows are guaranteed for a
number of years after installation, for your peace of mind in case something
goes wrong. Any prospected company must give a guarantee or warranty
that ‘covers the cost of completing rectification work in respect of defects
for a period of 10 years’.
Better windows often come with better guarantees – look for a double
glazing company that offers more comprehensive cover, including
guarantees against foggy glazing, discolored frames and faulty parts. Some
companies even offer lifetime guarantees, with the option to transfer the
warranty across to future home owners.
Make sure that you’re provided with the relevant documentation and
information for how to claim in the rare case that you may need to.
Question: Is it possible to make custom shaped windows?
Answer: Any good double glazing installer will survey your property and
precisely measure up for new windows before giving you a quotation,
meaning that every window or glazing product you buy should be made to
measure your home. Most installers can make or order windows in any size
and shape, depending on building regulations, including circular, arched top,
apex or triangle shaped, or angular windows. Simply ask your local
representative during your design consultation.

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Question: How do I know if a window company is any good?
1. Accreditations
There are many industry renowned federations and bodies who take great
efforts to ensure that the best window companies are easily identified.
2. Experience
A long trading history and good reputation are good indicators of a stellar
window company. Focus on the company’s reviews and satisfaction ratings.
Ask to see examples of recent work, including customer testimonials and
installation pictures, to make sure they are confident with undertaking
similar projects to yours.
It’s also worth asking about the professional experience of the team – does
the company have dedicated and experienced advisors, surveyors, installers
and project managers?
3. Recommendations
If you’re stumped about where to start, talk to people you know and trust
about any personal experiences they may have had. That will give you a
good idea of the level of service that different businesses offer.
Question: How do I get an opinion from an expert I can trust?
Answer: Friends and family are a great starting point when getting advice
about buying windows, and TV, magazines and the internet are limitless
sources of inspiration. But nothing beats seeing the options laid out in front
of you, with samples so you can get a feel for the windows themselves.

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Before you buy, see if any of the companies you like offer a no-obligation
consultation service. If they do, there is nothing to lose by arranging an
appointment, which will give you some face-to-face time with an expert.
Question: Do you install where I live?
Answer: Narrow down your list to companies who actively install in your
area. Not only will this save you time in your search, but you can be
confident that they have experience with similar house styles.
Typically, you can expect to have your new windows installed about 4-6
weeks after ordering, but the wait time is different with every company. This
can be due to a variety of factors, including manufacturing complexity and
arranging any planning permission, as well as popularity of the company and
seasonality. As long as the company is responsive and communicates at
every step of the process, it is the sign of a good service.
The time it takes to install a window depends on how many windows and
other home improvements you’re having installed at the same time. A single
window can take anywhere from 3 hours to install, to a day for a full house
of windows. Your window company will be able to give you an estimated
installation time when booking the installation date.

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Question: Does the window company offer aftercare, such as call outs and
repairs?
Answer: Even if you’re confident you’ve chosen the best glazing company
and best quality window, it’s good to know that you can call on your
installation company again at any time. Whether you want advice
about looking after your windows or troubleshoot any problems, it’s a relief
to know the full service is available to you.
Ask about their aftercare service, and whether they offer callouts and free
repairs if anything goes wrong. It’s unlikely you’ll need to use such services,
but it’s a shrewd idea to check beforehand.

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References:
 British Standard Institute (BS 6375-3:2009+A1:2013)
Performance of windows and doors. Classification for additional
performance characteristics and guidance on selection and specification
 http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports
 www.bre.uk
 www.recovinyl.com
 www.vinylplus.eu
 www.schueco.com
 www.milgard.com
 http://www.todayshomeowner.com/
 http://aladdininsulation.com/
 https://www.rehau.com/

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Thanks For your Interesting and Reading first edition for “windows Buying
Guide” . Please Follow us for second Edition Soon For “Door and More”.
Eng. Mohamad Alattar
Founder and Marketing Director
Smart Window
January 2017

Window buying guid ( 1st edition)

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