When light passes from one medium to another at an angle, it bends due to the change in speed. The amount of bending depends on the optical density of the materials, with less dense materials like air bending light less than denser materials like water, glass, and diamond. Common examples of refraction include sticks appearing bent in water, fish appearing higher than they are, and mirages forming on hot roads.

5.  When a ray of
light passes
obliquely from
one medium to
another, it
undergoes a
deviation at the
surface of
separation of the
two media

6.  The velocity of light
will be higher in a
medium of low optical
density and vice versa
 Ascending order of
optical density
air < water < glass <
diamond

7.  No deviation takes place when the
ray of light passes normally from
one medium to another

10. The spoon seems to be bent
due to refraction
It is due to refraction we
see the fish just above the
real position

11.  Do you think
that you are
seeing the sun
rise and sun
set at the
correct time
when sun
rises and sets?

12. The mirage we see on road
in sunny days is caused by
refraction!