The document discusses the components and workings of an X-ray machine. It is comprised of a high voltage generator, X-ray tube, autotransformer, high voltage transformer, rectifier, tungsten filament, and operating console. X-rays are produced when high-speed electrons emitted from a filament collide with a metallic target in the X-ray tube. The electrons are accelerated using kilovolts peak (kVp) and milliamps (mA) which causes the electrons to lose kinetic energy upon impact, transforming it into X-ray radiation. Main components include the X-ray tube which houses the filament and target, as well as circuits to heat the filament and accelerate the electrons.

1. XRAY MACHINE &
ITS COMPONENTS
SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY
SYED HAMMAD
AKHTER
2012-BM-071
PRESENTED TO
ENGR. FAHAD
AKBER

2. WHAT ARE X-RAYS
 X-radiation referred to Röntgen radiation. Unknows rays.
 Electromagnetic radiation and depends on two parameters
1 ) wavelength 2 ) electromagnetic in nature
 Only be deficient not amplify
 Invisible (short period of time)
 Photon energies above 5–10 keV are called hard X-rays, while lower
energy are called soft X-rays.
 X-ray beam is uncontrollable

3. X-ray Machine Phenomenon
“When fast moving electrons slams into
metallic object it loses its speed the Kinetic
energy is low and then transforms into X-
rays ”
 X-ray machine consist of two
things
•KVp (kilovolts peak)
•mA.
 Phenomenon
•absorbtion
•deflection
•Translucent
 Main constituent is ENERGY
 Fast electrons can "kick out"
inner shell electrons when they
collide with an atom

4. X-ray Machine Components and working
WORKING
 Filament heats up by mA– electrons
are produced
 (kVp) is applied to anode
 Negative electrons are attracted
across the tube to the positive anode.
 Electrons slow down
 Electron beam is focused by the
focusing cup
COMPONENTS
 Operating console.
 High voltage generator.
 X-ray tube.
Some constituents
Autotransformer =single winding
High voltage transformer
Rectifier
Xray tube
Tungsten Filament
Inside of X-ray tube