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Going by the Rules - Starting
- 1. Start show Start Section We’re starting! We’re starting! Main Menu Section Start 1
- 2. Start show Start Section We’re starting! Rule 45 – afloat and off moorings at the preparatory signal 45 HAULING OUT; MAKING FAST; ANCHORING A boat shall be afloat and off moorings at her preparatory signal. Thereafter, she shall not be hauled out or made fast except to bail out, reef sails or make repairs. She may anchor or the crew may stand on the bottom. She shall recover the anchor before continuing in the race unless she is unable to do so. Main Menu Section Start 2
- 3. Start show Start Section We’re starting! We’re the BLUE boat. We catch up with YELLOW, another sailing boat that is cruising, not going to race. Which rules apply between us (and who has to do what)? At sea, the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (IRPCAS) apply. IRPCAS is normally similar to RRS, but not here – overtaking boat (BLUE) keeps out of the way. Main Menu Section Menu Next Section Previous Page Next Page 3
- 4. Start Section Start show We’re starting! As we approach the committee boat shortly before our warning signal, we meet RED, another boat that has finished her race and cleared the finishing marks. Which rules apply between us – IRPCAS or RRS? …and can we protest RED for getting in our way? Main Menu Section Start 5
- 5. Start show Start Section We’re starting! As we approach the committee boat shortly before our warning signal, we meet RED, another boat that has finished her race and cleared the finishing marks. Racing Rules of Sailing apply. A protest is technically possible, but boats are not racing, so no penalty is possible. Main Menu Section Start 6
- 6. Start show Start Section We’re starting! A few seconds after our warning signal – the class flag – YELLOW (also in our race) gets in our way. Which rules apply? Can we protest her? Main Menu Section Start 8
- 7. Start show Start Section We’re starting! A few seconds after our warning signal – the class flag – YELLOW (also in our race) gets in our way. Which rules apply? Can we protest her? Once again, the Racing Rules apply, but normally no penalty can result from a protest until an incident between two boats that are racing, which is after the preparatory signal. Main Menu Section Start 9
- 8. Start show Start Section We’re starting! What are the normal preparatory signals the race committee can decide to use? Main Menu Section Start 11
- 9. Start show Start Section We’re starting! What are the normal preparatory signals the race committee can decide to use? In this case, the preparatory signal is flag P. Here’s how it’s done Main Menu Section Start 13
- 10. Start show Start Section We’re starting! Our preparatory signal has been made. Is penalization possible if a boat now breaks a rule of Part 2 (rules 10 to 23, when boats meet)? And are there any Part 2 rules that do not yet apply? In general, penalization is now possible since the boats are now racing, but the following rules do not apply until after the starting signal: • Rule 16.2, Changing Course. (Rule 16.1 already applies) •Rule 17, On the Same Tack; Proper Course •Rule 23.1, Interfering with another boat Main Menu Section Start 15
- 11. Start show Start Section We’re starting! It’s three minutes before our starting signal, we’re BLUE and we’re doing some practice starts. YELLOW comes in from windward. Do we have to give her room to pass the committee boat? YES, at this length of time from the starting signal. The committee boat is an obstruction Main Menu Section Start 16
- 12. Start show Start Section We’re starting! It’s 20 seconds to our starting signal, and we are approaching the starting line to start. Yellow comes in from windward. Is she entitled to room to pass the committee boat, which is surrounded by navigable water? NO. When an obstruction is also a mark, it is rule 18, Mark-Room that would apply, but no rule of Section C applies, rule 18 included, applies at this moment. Main Menu Section Start 18
- 13. Start Section Start show We’re starting! We in BLUE are behind the starting line at our starting signal, but there are many boats on the course side (OCS). The race committee cannot identify them most of them, and signals a general recall. How it’s done Main Menu Section Start 20
- 14. Start show Start Section We’re starting! The wind then dies completely. The race committee signals a postponement. There is little chance of racing for some time. The race committee sends the fleet ashore. How it’s done Main Menu Section Start 22
- 15. Start show Start Section We’re starting! Back ashore, the race committee signals a two-hour postponement. Two hours from when? How it’s done Main Menu Section Start 24
- 16. Start show Start Section We’re starting! Back ashore, the race committee signals a two hour postponement. Two hours from when? Two hours from the original scheduled start time. Any change of the length of postponement is also timed from the original scheduled starting time. Main Menu Section Start 26
- 17. Start show Start Section We’re starting! The wind picks up, and the fleet returns to the starting area in good time for the restart (flag P again). With a biased line, we start on port tack. This time, only one boat is OCS at the starting signal. The race committee makes the recall signal. How it’s done Main Menu Section Start 27
- 18. Start show Start Section We’re starting! The recalled boat turns back and heads straight for us, shouting ‘Starboard’. Who has right of way? Rule 21.1 applies because YELLOW is returning to start. BLUE has right of way, and it overrides rule 10 (port and starboard). 21.1 A boat sailing towards the pre-start side of the starting line or its extensions after her starting signal to start or to comply with rule 30.1 shall keep clear of a boat not doing so until she is completely on the pre- start side. Section D preamble: When rule 21 or 22 applies between two boats, Section A rules do not. Main Menu Section Start 29
- 19. Start show We’re starting! Start Section Half way up the beat, the wind shifts 90 How it’s done degrees. The race committee decides that the race is no longer fair, and signals abandonment of the race. Main Menu Section Start 30
- 20. Start show We’re starting! Start Section We return to the starting area, and the course is reset on a fresh heading. This time, with time running out, the race committee uses the black flag as the preparatory. How it’s done Main Menu Section Start 32
- 21. Start show We’re starting! Start Section There is then another general recall! The race committee has the sail numbers of several boats that had crossed the starting line in the last minute. What happens next? Main Menu Section Start 34
- 22. Start show Start Section We’re starting! Finally, the race is started, with no boats OCS, and we beat towards the windward mark. In the process, we approach the shore and we need to tack, but we cannot do so because YELLOW is close on our heels and to windward. What can we do? Main Menu Section Start 36
- 23. Start show Start Section We’re starting! We hail YELLOW for room to tack (or ‘Water, please!’) Yellow tacks ASAP. Then we tack, also ASAP. Room to tack, please Main Menu Section Start 37
- 24. Start show Start Section We’re starting! Further up the coastline, we’ve tacked back in towards the shore, and once again we hail for room to tack. This time, YELLOW takes the other option open to her. You tack! Room to tack, please Main Menu Section Start 39
- 25. Start show Start Section We’re starting! Test your knowledge The preparatory signal is flag Z. Which one of the following is correct? 1. There is no penalty if a boat that is on the course side in the last minute has returned to the pre-course side at the starting signal. 1. There is no penalty for a boat OCS in the last minute if the race is then postponed. 2. There is no penalty for a boat OCS in the last minute if the race is abandoned after the starting signal and resailed. Main Menu Section Start 41
- 26. Start show Start Section We’re starting! Test your knowledge The preparatory signal is flag Z. Which one of the following is correct? 1. There is no penalty if a boat that is on the course side in the last minute has returned to the pre-course side at the starting signal. 1. There is no penalty for a boat OCS in the last minute if the race is then postponed. 2. There is no penalty for a boat OCS in the last minute if the race is abandoned after the starting signal and resailed. Main Menu Section Start 42
- 27. Start show Start Section We’re starting! Test your knowledge YELLOW crosses the finishing line and then touches the committee boat from which the finishing line extends. Which one is true? 1. YELLOW can take a penalty by gybing round the committee boat, then tacking and finishing. 2. YELLOW does not have to take a penalty, as she touched the mark after finishing. 3. YELLOW must return completely to the course side before starting a penalty turn. Main Menu Section Start 43
- 28. Start show Start Section We’re starting! Test your knowledge YELLOW crosses the finishing line and then touches the committee boat from which the finishing line extends. Which one is true? 1. YELLOW can take a penalty by gybing round the committee boat, then tacking and finishing. 2. YELLOW does not have to take a penalty, as she touched the mark after finishing. 3. YELLOW must return completely to the course side before starting a penalty turn. Main Menu Section Start 44
- 29. Start show Start Section We’re starting! Test your knowledge Which one of the following is correct? 1. When the race committee cannot identify every OCS boat, it must signal a general recall. 2. When the race committee cannot identify every OCS boat, it may signal a general recall. 3. A general recall can be used when boats are OCS, but not to stop the race when there has been an error in the starting procedure. Main Menu Section Start 45
- 30. Start show Start Section We’re starting! Test your knowledge Which one of the following is correct? 1. When the race committee cannot identify every OCS boat, it must signal a general recall. 2. When the race committee cannot identify every OCS boat, it may signal a general recall. 3. A general recall can be used when boats are OCS, but not to stop the race when there has been an error in the starting procedure. Main Menu Section Start 46
- 31. GOING BY THE RULES What’s cooking? THE MAIN COURSE STARTERS Basically and Fundamentally… What’s new for 2009 – quick guide We’re racing! What’s new for 2009 – in detail We’re starting! INGREDIENTS We’re rounding! Reading the signals We’re taking turns! Major definitions in action We’re finishing! The Racing Rules of Sailing We’re unhappy! The Definitions 47
Editor's Notes
- The preparatory signal is four minutes before the starting signal if the normal starting system in rule 26 is in use.
- The preparatory signal is four minutes before the starting signal if the normal starting system in rule 26 is in use.
- Extract from preamble to Part 2, When Boats Meet When a boat sailing under these rules meets a vessel that is not, she shall comply with the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (IRPCAS) or government right-of-way rules. This happens to be one of the few situations where there is a difference between the RRS and the IPRCAS. Under the RRS, YELLOW must keep clear. Under the IRPCAS, Rule 13, Overtaking, ‘…any vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken.’
- Extract from preamble to Part 2, When Boats Meet The rules of Part 2 apply between boats that are sailing in or near the racing area and intend to race , are racing , or have been racing . However, a boat not racing shall not be penalized for breaking one of these rules, except rule 23.1. So rule 10 (Port and Starboard) applies between us, and RED must keep clear of BLUE – A protest is possible - BUT no penalty can be imposed, as rule 22.1 is not an issue here.
- A boat is racing from her preparatory signal, which is usually a minute after the warning signal. Once again - Extract from preamble to Part 2, When Boats Meet The rules of Part 2 apply between boats that are sailing in or near the racing area and intend to race , are racing , or have been racing . However, a boat not racing shall not be penalized for breaking one of these rules, except rule 23.1. So rule 10 (Port and Starboard) applies between us, and YELLOW must keep clear of BLUE – A protest is possible, BUT, once again no penalty can be imposed! (So why protest – because if there is contact and damage to BLUE preventing her from racing, the facts found in a penalty-free protest can still give rise to redress if it’s asked for, such as average points for that race.)
- Press the links to see all the possibilities as set out in rule 26.
- Press the links to see all the possibilities. When P is the preparatory, no penalties apply to boats that are OCS in the last minute before the start
- 16.2 says that it does not apply until after the starting signal. 17 refers to a proper course, and there is no proper course before the starting signal. 23.1 applies only to a boat that is not racing, and a boat is racing from her preparatory signal.
- YES BLUE has right of way under rule 11, but YELLOW is entitled to room under rule 19.2(b) as they were overlapped when the first of them came within two lengths of the committee boat, which is at this point just an obstruction. See next slide.
- NO. Rule 18, Mark-Room, and therefore rule 18.2(b), Giving Mark-Room, does not apply because the Section C preamble says so when boats are approaching a starting mark (the committee boat) to start. See next slide. YELLOW remains a windward boat required to keep clear. However, if YELLOW insists on barging in, BLUE would be wise to avoid a collision, otherwise BLUE might be disqualified under rule 14, Avoiding Contact, if there is contact resulting in damage or injury. So give room and protest.
- Two hours from the original scheduled starting time.
- BLUE has right of way. Rule 21.1 applies, and so rule 10 does not. Rule 21.1 is part of Section D of Part 2 of the rules, and the preamble to the section says that ‘When rule 21 or 22 applies between two boats, Section A rules do not. Rule 10 is in Section A.
- Link to N signal
- Link to signalling Black Flag start
- Link to rule 30.3.
- The shore is an obstruction, and safety requires that we tack off. Rule 20 applies. Click to see it. YELLOW must respond, in only one of two ways. In this case, she decides to tack.
- The shore is an obstruction, and safety requires that we tack off. Rule 20 applies. YELLOW must respond, in only one of two ways. In this case, she decides not to tack (yet) but to tell us to tack, so she can get inshore out of the current. We tack back out into the current and she ducks us. Round 2 to her. Rule 20 is a safety rule, but it is used tactically. Suppose that the shore is part of an island that is a mark of the course to be left to port, and YELLOW can fetch it without needing to tack. Does BLUE now have to respond to the hail for room to tack? Rule 20.3 says that a boat shall not ail unless safety requires her. YELLOW would nevertheless be best advised to make her You Tack response, and then protest. No.
- Any crossing of the starting line when it is Z-flag start under rule 30.2 incurs a 20% place penalty even if the boat returns before her starting signal and starts properly. If the race is postponed (which can only be done before the starting signal). no penalty will apply when it is restarted and resailed. Likewise if it is abandoned after the infringement but before the starting signal (to send the fleet ashore - N over A or N over H). But if it is abandoned after the starting signal, and then resailed that day or later, the penalty sticks.
- Any crossing of the starting line when it is Z-flag start under rule 30.2 incurs a 20% place penalty even if the boat returns before her starting signal and starts properly. If the race is postponed (which can only be done before the starting signal). no penalty will apply when it is restarted and resailed. Likewise if it is abandoned after the infringement but before the starting signal (to send the fleet ashore - N over A or N over H). But if it is abandoned after the starting signal, and then resailed that day or later, the penalty sticks.
- Rule 31 says you must not touch a finishing mark after finishing. The definition Finish says that if you cross the finish line and then take a penalty for touching a finishing mark, you do not finish until you cross the finishing line again from the course side after you have done a penalty turn. It also says that when you touch a finishing mark, you do not have to sail to the course side to take the penalty. It says that, wherever you take the penalty, you have then to be on (or get on) the course side, then cross the finishing line. You have now finished. If YELLOW continues, bears away, gybes and then tacks before recrossing the finishing line, she has taken the penalty and has now finished.
- Rule 29.2 says that the race committee may signal a general recall when it cannot identify OCS boats, not that it must. It is sometimes preferable that some are brought back with an individual recall, the race gets away, and one or two may be lucky – as opposed to the whole fleet being delayed for many minutes. Rule 29.2 says that general recall can be used as well as abandonment in the event of an error in the starting procedure.
- Rule 29.2 says that the race committee may signal a general recall when it cannot identify OCS boats, not that it must. It is sometimes preferable that some are brought back with an individual recall, the race gets away, and one or two may be lucky – as opposed to the whole fleet being delayed for many minutes. Rule 29.2 says that general recall can be used as well as abandonment in the event of an error in the starting procedure.