SlideShare a Scribd company logo
半生不熟
王丹娜
前端开发
西邮
TW 1年8个月
表情包
Web
Accessibility
Who are our users
What we missed
视觉障碍
色盲(1/12M, 1/200F)
弱视(1/30)
全盲(1/188)
行动缺陷(瘫痪,某些部位缺失)
听力缺陷(弱听, 深度耳聋)
认知缺陷
失读/写症
孤独症
注意力缺陷
65岁以上老年人(>1.5亿)
Design
A11Y
缩放改变字号
屏幕放大镜
屏幕阅读器
盲文显示器
高对比度模式
视频字幕
浏览器插件
How they use it
How they use it
● 文本对比度
● 标签和字段过于分离
● 标签未关联复选框
Example
● 文本的颜色加深
● 让标签靠近所标示的字段
● 关联标签与复选框
Example
WCAG
W3C 发布的一套网络无障碍国际标准,合
规等级分为三级(A、AA 和 AAA)
WebAIM
网络无障碍功能思维小组基于 WCAG 指南
提炼出的易于遵循的 Checklist
Specification
● Perceivable
● Operable
● Understandable
● Robust
Principle
Current situation
● 若干国家在其网络无障碍功能法律要求中明令,必须使用这些指南。
● 澳大利亚政府必须在 2012 年 12 月 31 日以前达到 WCAG 2.0 的 A 级合
规要求,并在 2014 的 “网络可访问性国内过渡战略”(NTS)规定,所有政府
网站及其内容年 12 月 31 日之前达到AA 级合规要求。
● 目前,很多发达国家,比如美国、欧洲、日本等国家都针对 a11y 立法,不符
合 a11y 的软件程序很多都不在政府机关等的采购范围内。
● 相关无障碍法
● IOS/Android
● Google, Medium, Facebook, Twitter...
“目前我国99%的网站,由于没有实现无障碍,盲人难以正常浏览访问网站。”省盲协
主席” 富明慧本身就是一名盲人,他失明后发明了半方盲文输入法,他还说,加快网
站无障碍改造,政府部门网站应该先行一步。”
—— 中山大学工学院教授富明慧
Current situation
Current situation
Screen Reader
● VoiceOver
● NVDA
● JAWS
● ChromeVox
Screen Reader
● Good Structure
● Semantic in native HTML
● Providing text alternative for non-text
content
● Making the DOM order match the visual
order
● Associate labels with form inputs
● …...
How - HTML
How - HTML
● HTML focusable elements
● Tabindex
● Correct Tab order
How - Focus
How - Focus
How - Outline
● Separate keyboard & mouse event
● ARIA 可以修改/添加现有元
素语义(Role)
● 描述了与改元素有关的特征
和状态(aria-*)
How - WAI-ARIA
● role
● aria-label
● aria-labelledby
● aria-hidden
● ...
How - WAI-ARIA
How - WAI-ARIA
How - WAI-ARIA
How - Color & Contrast
● Audits
● Axe
● Wave
● Pa11y
How to test it
Example
Video
“对「无障碍」的最大的误区是,把它当做成了产品的情怀功能,而非基础功能或者
Bug 去对待。”
“也许你目前没有足够的时间和预算来做「无障碍设计」,但只要你把「无障碍设计」当
做你日常工作要考虑的标准的一部分,你就会惊喜地发现,你其实能够满足很多无障
碍设计标准。”
“优秀的「无障碍设计」,不仅能让身体有缺陷的用户正常地与产品交互,还会为普通
人提供更好的使用体验,实际不需要开发者编写很繁琐的代码,每增加一点支持,网
站就能更加的平易近人。”
—引自知乎网友们
Just do it
Thank you
Q&A

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Web Accessibility ( Web 无障碍访问 )