we have more than 5 basic senses

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This short document promotes creating presentations using Haiku Deck, a tool for making slideshows. It encourages the reader to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentation and sharing it on SlideShare. In just one sentence, it pitches the idea of using Haiku Deck to easily create engaging slideshow presentations.

This document provides information on sprouting broccoli. It begins by identifying its botanical name and family, and notes it originated in the Mediterranean region. It then discusses the plant's morphology, composition, uses, cultivation requirements including climate, soil, planting, harvesting, and diseases and pests. It lists several varieties and concludes with physiological disorders and their causes and controls. In summary, it is a comprehensive overview of sprouting broccoli covering its botanical characteristics, cultivation practices, and common issues.

Insect pests of amaranthus and moringa

Akshay Chittora

This document summarizes several insect pests that affect amaranthus and moringa plants, including the amaranthus stem weevil, amaranthus caterpillar, pod fly of moringa, bud worm of moringa, and leaf caterpillar of moringa. For each pest, it provides details on distribution, host plants, nature of damage caused, life cycle stages from egg to adult, and recommended management practices such as collecting and destroying infected plant parts, using light traps, and applying specified insecticides.

Advances in hybrid seed production of tomato

Akshay Chittora

Hybrid seed production in tomato has advanced significantly through both traditional breeding methods and new biotechnological tools. Hand emasculation and pollination was traditionally used but is now supplemented by male sterility systems and genetic engineering. The use of male sterile lines reduces the time and cost of hybrid seed production. New techniques like haploid culture and protoplast fusion can more efficiently transfer traits between species. Molecular markers now aid in hybrid development and verification. These advances have enabled the widespread commercial availability of high-yielding tomato hybrids in India that boost yields and provide disease resistance. However, challenges remain in hybrid seed accessibility and adoption among farmers.

Anther culture and somatic hybridization

Akshay Chittora

1) Anther and pollen culture techniques involve culturing microspores excised from anthers or pollen grains to produce haploid plants. This allows for the efficient production of fully homozygous lines. 2) Factors like genotype, culture medium, and pretreatments influence anther culture success. Haploids must be doubled to be fertile and useful. 3) Somatic hybridization fuses protoplasts from different plant species using techniques like PEG or electrofusion. This can combine traits not otherwise possible. Selection and regeneration are required to produce hybrid plants.