The document discusses various ways to conserve water resources, which are becoming increasingly scarce, through simple practices like using water efficiently in daily activities, repairing leaks, and reusing water when possible. It notes that water conservation can reduce water consumption by up to 30% and provide financial savings as well as environmental benefits. Proper water management is important since fresh water suitable for human use only makes up around 2.7% of the total water on Earth.
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This document is a proclamation to establish the Ethiopian Organic Agriculture System. It recognizes the increasing global demand for organically produced agricultural products and the opportunity this presents for Ethiopian farmers. The proclamation defines key terms related to organic agriculture and sets standards for the production, processing, distribution and labeling of organic agricultural products in Ethiopia. It aims to ensure products labeled as organic meet international requirements and protect consumers and producers. The proclamation provides a framework to develop Ethiopia's organic agriculture sector in line with international standards.
The document outlines guidelines for identifying children belonging to weaker sections for the purposes of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009. It specifies that a child will be considered as belonging to a weaker section if:
1) Their parents' names are listed on the Below Poverty Line list prepared by state/central government departments.
2) Their parents' annual income does not exceed Rs. 2.5 lakhs.
The order provides further details on determining annual parental income and certifying that a child belongs to the weaker section.
The document provides instructions for a civil services examination to be held in 2023. It mentions that the exam will have 200 objective type questions to be answered in 2 hours using an OMR sheet, with +4 marks awarded for correct answers and -1 for incorrect answers. It provides details about the exam structure, marking scheme and rules to be followed.
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Balmer Lawrie signed an MoU with the Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas on 12th July 2016 setting targets for the 2016-17 fiscal year including turnover, operating profit, capacity utilization, efficiency, technology upgrades, R&D, capital expenditures and return on investment. A national seminar was held by the Army on 29th June 2016 to discuss future fueling needs where Balmer Lawrie executives promoted their products and services as the defense industry is a major customer. Additionally, a land lease agreement was signed between Visakhapatnam Port Trust and Visakhapatnam Port Logistics Park Ltd.
This contains detailed explanation of conversion of binary to decimal and decimal to binary. It also contains features of octal and hexadecimal number systems. An interactive slideshow. Full with animations and transitions... :) :)
Assessment and surveillance of drinking water qualityjyotinayak44
The WHO published guidelines for drinking water quality to ensure the safety of drinking water supplies. The guidelines relate to acceptability, microbiological, chemical, and radiological aspects of water quality. Key water quality parameters discussed in the document include turbidity, color, pH, chloride, calcium, ammonia, iron, sodium, and bacterial indicators like coliforms and E. coli. Guidelines are provided for acceptable levels of various chemical and radiological constituents in drinking water. Continuous monitoring of water quality is needed to assess safety and protect public health.
The document provides walking directions in 16 steps that include crossing a street to a public bathroom, walking towards and past certain streets and landmarks, turning right onto a sloped lane, and reaching an end point at an intersection.
This document is a proclamation to establish the Ethiopian Organic Agriculture System. It recognizes the increasing global demand for organically produced agricultural products and the opportunity this presents for Ethiopian farmers. The proclamation defines key terms related to organic agriculture and sets standards for the production, processing, distribution and labeling of organic agricultural products in Ethiopia. It aims to ensure products labeled as organic meet international requirements and protect consumers and producers. The proclamation provides a framework to develop Ethiopia's organic agriculture sector in line with international standards.
The document outlines guidelines for identifying children belonging to weaker sections for the purposes of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009. It specifies that a child will be considered as belonging to a weaker section if:
1) Their parents' names are listed on the Below Poverty Line list prepared by state/central government departments.
2) Their parents' annual income does not exceed Rs. 2.5 lakhs.
The order provides further details on determining annual parental income and certifying that a child belongs to the weaker section.
The document provides instructions for a civil services examination to be held in 2023. It mentions that the exam will have 200 objective type questions to be answered in 2 hours using an OMR sheet, with +4 marks awarded for correct answers and -1 for incorrect answers. It provides details about the exam structure, marking scheme and rules to be followed.
This document is the Investment Proclamation No. 280/2002 of Ethiopia. It re-enacts the existing investment law to promote both domestic and foreign investment and facilitate conditions for foreign investors. The proclamation defines key terms like "investment", "enterprise", "capital", and distinguishes between domestic, foreign, and public investors. It establishes the Ethiopian Investment Authority as the agency responsible for issuing investment permits.
Balmer Lawrie signed an MoU with the Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas on 12th July 2016 setting targets for the 2016-17 fiscal year including turnover, operating profit, capacity utilization, efficiency, technology upgrades, R&D, capital expenditures and return on investment. A national seminar was held by the Army on 29th June 2016 to discuss future fueling needs where Balmer Lawrie executives promoted their products and services as the defense industry is a major customer. Additionally, a land lease agreement was signed between Visakhapatnam Port Trust and Visakhapatnam Port Logistics Park Ltd.
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This document provides an overview of the Kanban method. It discusses:
- What Kanban is and how it can be used to manage knowledge work and professional services.
- The origins of Kanban in lean manufacturing and its focus on visualizing work and limiting work in progress to improve flow.
- The key principles of Kanban including evolutionary change, focusing on customer needs, and managing work through self-organizing teams.
- Common practices when using Kanban like visualizing workflow on boards, using WIP limits and pull systems, and improving processes collaboratively over time.
This document provides an overview of cyber weapons. It defines cyber weapons as computer code used to threaten or cause harm to systems or living beings. Cyber weapons have two components - a penetration component to gain access to targeted systems, and a payload component to achieve intended effects like data destruction. Characteristics of cyber weapons include their dual-use nature for intelligence and attacks, difficulty in attribution, and potential for unintended consequences. The document discusses various definitions of cyber weapons and elements that comprise cyber weapons like vulnerabilities, exploits, and propagation methods. It also outlines the unique features of cyber weapons in cyberspace.
The document compares and contrasts the business systems of Toyota and GM over the past 15 years. [1] It describes how Toyota has adopted a "Lean" system focused on continuous process improvement, while GM followed a "Mass" system focused on financial metrics. [2] As a result, Toyota has surpassed GM as the world's largest automaker. [3] The Lean system provides advantages in all areas from product development to customer management.
The document summarizes a case study about the failed automated baggage handling system at Denver International Airport in the 1990s. Key decisions that led to the project's failure included initially leaving baggage system responsibilities to individual airlines, then changing strategy late in the project timeline. Project managers also proceeded despite warnings that the complexity and short timeline made success unlikely. Underestimating the technological and scheduling challenges doomed the project from the start.
This document appears to be a project report submitted by Pravin Koyande for a Master of Management Studies program at the University of Mumbai. The report discusses vendor management strategies for CFC Management Services, a facility management company. It outlines CFC's operations and processes for work order management. It then provides recommendations on strengthening vendor relations, selecting vendors, and planning contract negotiations. The report also identifies problems faced by CFC and proposes solutions such as categorizing services and creating a quality evaluation matrix for vendors.
This document is a 5S rule book from Tata Motors from June 2011. It contains 25 rules for implementing 5S across various areas of the workplace. The rules cover topics like removing unwanted materials, proper storage and labeling, cleanliness, use of PPE, floor marking standards, and color coding for pipes and containers. Implementation of the 5S rules is divided into 5 levels - from basic cleaning and organization at level 1 to a fully standardized and disciplined workplace with everything in its designated place at level 5. Appendices provide additional details on standards like recommended light intensity levels for different work areas.
This document provides an overview of the Kanban method. It discusses:
- What Kanban is and how it can be used to manage knowledge work and professional services.
- The origins of Kanban in lean manufacturing and its focus on visualizing work and limiting work in progress to improve flow.
- The key principles of Kanban including evolutionary change, focusing on customer needs, and managing work through self-organizing teams.
- Common practices when using Kanban like visualizing workflow on boards, using WIP limits and pull systems, and improving processes collaboratively over time.
This document provides an overview of cyber weapons. It defines cyber weapons as computer code used to threaten or cause harm to systems or living beings. Cyber weapons have two components - a penetration component to gain access to targeted systems, and a payload component to achieve intended effects like data destruction. Characteristics of cyber weapons include their dual-use nature for intelligence and attacks, difficulty in attribution, and potential for unintended consequences. The document discusses various definitions of cyber weapons and elements that comprise cyber weapons like vulnerabilities, exploits, and propagation methods. It also outlines the unique features of cyber weapons in cyberspace.
The document compares and contrasts the business systems of Toyota and GM over the past 15 years. [1] It describes how Toyota has adopted a "Lean" system focused on continuous process improvement, while GM followed a "Mass" system focused on financial metrics. [2] As a result, Toyota has surpassed GM as the world's largest automaker. [3] The Lean system provides advantages in all areas from product development to customer management.
The document summarizes a case study about the failed automated baggage handling system at Denver International Airport in the 1990s. Key decisions that led to the project's failure included initially leaving baggage system responsibilities to individual airlines, then changing strategy late in the project timeline. Project managers also proceeded despite warnings that the complexity and short timeline made success unlikely. Underestimating the technological and scheduling challenges doomed the project from the start.
This document appears to be a project report submitted by Pravin Koyande for a Master of Management Studies program at the University of Mumbai. The report discusses vendor management strategies for CFC Management Services, a facility management company. It outlines CFC's operations and processes for work order management. It then provides recommendations on strengthening vendor relations, selecting vendors, and planning contract negotiations. The report also identifies problems faced by CFC and proposes solutions such as categorizing services and creating a quality evaluation matrix for vendors.
1. 1lffif +t '< Cf> I '<
----
Government of India
~~ 1i~ ~~-i
Central Ground Water Board
~ "fi~ l{--::T?lIr--l(>'lrTTlj
Ministry of Water Resources
Simple Ways t
q I;oft CSI-ill il ~ i i41l1
2. World Water Balance + Water efficiency measures can + iIC'I cf; Xi gq<11 ' I -x'i "'1'At TIm xfuR eft
+ Total Water Resources: 1460m.cub.km reduce water and sewer costs cnT 30% "(1cp 'CIJ11' 'CI)"{' ~ ~ I
C'lT'T(1'
+ Oceans & Seas 94% by upto 30%.
+ "'1'At cnT "T""1' -x'i f.'I ep I C1 ~ TIm ~ ij
+ Ice Caps & Glaciers 2% + Energy savings by using less 'CIJ11' ~ '3 q <11 ' I ~ -x'i ~ eft ~
+ Ground Water & Soil Moisture 4% energy for pumping and ~~I
+ Surface Rivers, Lakes Negligible treating water.
+ Financial savings to the user
+ "'1'At cf; Xi gq<11 ' I -x'i fil'C1 'CIJ11'
~ 31T(1l
~~3lTeft~~
from decreased water use.
~~I
+ Water is finite resource and can + Various environmental benefits + fcfi'r;;l q <1 q, o~ <1 ('[l'l1' 3l~ ,~
not be replaced/duplicated and i.e. increased water available to
local streams, wetlands, ~ ij ~ "'1'At ij CJl&. "PfC'I
produced on commercial scale. ij ~"2R'(1T. ~ -x'i 'J"ffi ~ I
ffi'{'
stabilized ground water levels,
+ Only 2.7% of the water on earth + iIC'I '0P ~ ~ ~. RiH1 Cf>~1 "'1 protection from pollution etc. + ~ J1C1I~ l q1' TIm <iTtit eft ;;M~<1ep('11
isfresh. m >lfiR<2:fT"RT / !>I R1 ~ fC1 eft ill + Reduces requirement of large cnT 'CIJ11' CIl«TI ~ I
+ Depletion of water resources ~ ~ ~ 'IT -gr ClM'1 I~ep
degrades natural environment '3 <'11 c; 'i fcI;-m ill ~ ~ I
reservoirs and dams. + "PfC'I eft f.'I ep Ifil "'T'<' f.'I <i ~ 0 I eft
and no living being can survive + 'F~ ij ~ 2.7% ~"'1'At ~ I + Reduces n e c e s sit Y 0 f 311 q ~ <1 ep ('1 1cnT 'CIJ11' CIl«TI ~ I
withoutthem. + iIC'I ~ eft ~ ~!>II='flSR1=ep regulations on abstraction of
+ .......................................
+ It plays unique role in traditional q I('1 1 0 I cnT >1T i!:5Rl6I' ~ ~ I "'1'At
q, ground water.
and modern economy and is cf; ~ ~ >1T muft ~ "1tf '{5 + .........................................
mandatory in all daily chores of ~~ I
mankind including drinking, + q IX ""1 Rep TIm ~ ~ ij iIC'I
domestic, agriculture and eft fclfu"C 'lfi1cPT
~ TIm 'I:ffi' ~.
industry. <ffir,
~ TIm ~ ~ ~
+ Clean and fresh water is unique #1cp ~ cf; ~ 3!f.icrr<f ~ I Fresh Water Resources
commodity, therefore be + ~ '0i ~ "'1'At 3A'tw 1:f<;Tcl ~
+ Saline Water 97.3%
valued and safeguarded . ~Xi~~ ~ ~ X1'1$1'i 1 q ~
+
+ Fresh Water 2.7%
Conservation of water helps in ~CR"il~ 1 • Polar Ice Caps 77.2%
preventing pollution of surface + "'1'At'fR'1lfUT ~ TIm "PfC'I
CIil • Ground Water & Soil Moisture 22.4%
and ground water resources. ~ cnT ~ -x'i ~ ij ,161<1('1 1 • Lakes, Swamp & Reservoirs 0.35%
• Atmosphere 0.04%
+ Water conservation practices CIl«TI ~I • Rivers & Streams 0.01%
can reduce water consumption + iIC'I 'X'R1lfUT cf; &RT "'1'At eft ~ cnT + Water available for use is 4.3 million cubic
by as much as one third. '0P ~ 'CIJ11' fcI;-m ill ~ ~ I
"(1cp Km .
+ About 100 districts in 14 states + 14 ~ i) Wfl1'T 100 furc't 't<:5l l !1 «1
experience recurring droughts. ~I
3. Water Resources of India
• Usewastewaterinflush. + ~ i1C'f cit ~ l'i 3 4111' I CIR I
• Average Annual Precipitation 4000 BCM
• Don't use running water for + 'I"'t cit ~ it f.1 I('14 cf; ~ ~
Cf)
releasing ice from tray. ~ cit >r<it'T "'1 CIR I
• Average Annual Availability 1869 BCM • Don't use extra detergent in
washing clothes.
+ ~ mit X1'1<l ~ "CflT 3!fucp >r<it'T
• Estimated Utilizable "'1 CIR I
Water Resources 1123 BCM • Don't use running water while
• Surface Water 690 SCM hand-washing clothes . + ~'21" it W mit X1'1<l "'fC'f -.rc;- m I
• Ground Water (Repleni shable) 433 SCM • Operate automatic washing + {q il l ~ <ITf'WT .,,-m;, "CflT 3 4 111' I
(1
machine when it is fully loaded. ~ 'r'f WfdT 'R tr CIR I
• Don't use shower/big bath tubs
in bathrooms.
+ {""1 I '1 EN l'i ~ / ~ qr~ "CflT
>r<it'T "'1 CIR I
• While going outdoor, turn off
the main valve for water. + t:R cf; ~ i1"Td X1'1<l ~ "CflT ~
ci"fc;q -.rc;- CIR I
• Verify your home is leak free. + <:T"5 ~ CIR fc);- ~ t:R l'i ~ TIt • Develop habit of monitoring
Repair dripping taps by "'lti ~ I ~ "'fC'f cf; ciim ~ C; ('1 Cf) '( water meters. + CfTC'(" ~ 'R f.1 , I'( I "11 ~ mt 3'Il"c;(l
replacing washers. ~ c'rcp CIR I + ........................................ . ~I
• Avoid flushing the toilet + cI 11 <'Ie l'i ~1'1 1 q ~ 11
it ~ "'1 Cf) "'(iil1 + ..................................... .
unnecessarily. Use water
~ I ~ ~"CflT 3 4111 '1 CIR ~
efficient flushes, plumbing
fixtures having sensors, low
"Cf)11 ~ 34111'1 itTIT ~I m ~ OTHER DOMESTIC
BATH
2%
flow faucet aerators which
TIm ~ cf; "Cf)11 J;!C[]5 crrc't "1<'fl "CflT
LEAK
2%
CLOTHES
WASHER
require minimum water. 34<1'1'1 CIR I
• Turn off water while brushing + ~m X1'1<l "'fC'f -.rc;- <Ii'[ c'i I
teeth. + ~ 6I"'1T"t cf; ~ ~ ~ mt ~
• For shaving, use mug rather l1'T "CflT 3 4 111 ' I CIR I DI SHWASHER
2%
than using running water.
+~ cit ~ C'f'TTC1- <IT '!5i' II ('1 d
• Close faucets while soaping
and rinsing clothes.
X1'1<l "'fC'f -.rc;- m
I TOilET
27%
• Keep overflow valve in the over
+ 1m'(" cf; ffi l'i
311 q '( 4('11 ci"fc;q "CflT
head tanks so as not to waste >r<it'T CIR '1l"fcp ~ ~ "'1 it I 16%
water. +W <!it ~ cit ~ mt
~ cf; 'I"lC;
• Use waste water of cloth ~ l'i 34111'1 CIR I SHOWER
17%
cleaning to clean the floor.
4. .. Minimize grass lawns in your + 31cR ~ i'r "Elm cf; ~ <Bl mer .. Don't allow water to flow into .. "'1"Rt <Bl ~ if ClT<4 "'f ~ ~ 1
yard because less grass means w CfI1'jfcp uR "Elm cf; ~ cf; ~ gutter. +
~ <Bl ~ x'r tiPt cf; ~ ~ CIil
less water demand. "'1"Rt mt 3M ~ IFN11 Cfj1'f ir>fi 1 .. Don't wash floors with a hose. jqq' lll ~ 1
.. Don't over - water your lawns. A + 31cR ~ i'r 3lfucp "'1"Rt "'f ~ 1 10P
Use a broom .
.. Avoid excessive use of fertilizer
31cR ~ i'r ~ ~ "'f ~I +
good rain eliminates the need 3lmT 'Il"fffi cf; ~ 10P ~ x'r ~ ~ ~ x'r "'1"Rt mt
for watering for more than a 3lfucp "fl"'l<1" CfCf) "'1"Rt ~ mt in your lawn. The application of 3M N i!>('11 ~ JllCfi % 1
excess fertilizer increases the
week. 3MNi!>('1I"'ltf ~ % 1
need for water.
+
~"(1m ~ "Elm / 1fhl / -itC'I /
.. Water the lawns during early +~ if ~ ~ RI "fl"'l<1" "'1"Rt
.. Plant native and/or drought
~1I ~ q1 / -q-;s C'fTTTf! ~ "'1"Rt mt
morning hours when ~ JI<I ('1 1 '1 1 3ffi 6CIT mt 'lfi'r Cfj1'f
q '1 Cfj1'f 31 I Q~qi!>('1 1 ~ % 10P <!R
1
tolerant grasses, ground
temperature and wind speeds
are the lowest. This reduces
-ITcft % 1 ~ m x'r "'1"Rt cf; covers, shrubs and trees. Once wR cf; ~ ~ f.'I q ["1(1 "'" x'r "'1"Rt
if <PIft 3!TCft %1
q lti:J01i!>,!ul ~ mt 311 Q~ q i!> ('11 "'ltf -ITcft %, 3ffi
losses from evaporation. established, they do not need to
.. Try to use waste of dish
+ ~ tiPt / W tiPt cf; ~ ~ "'1"Rt be watered as frequently and ~ ~ CfCf) f<l"'1T "'1"Rt cf; 'ljT "'(5 ~
<Bl6l1' IQI "11 "(1m~mt~cf;~ they usually will survive a dry %1
washing/cloth cleaning for jqq' lll ~ 1
period without any watering. .. 10P X1'1T'1 "'1"Rt mt 3M ~ q i!> ('11 "CfT"R
gardening and cleaning the
floor.
+ "'1C'11, ~ if ~ mt ~ <Ii':" c'f 1
.. Group plants together based on -qhlf <Bl10P "ffi2T C'fTTTf! 1
.. Check leaks in hose, pipes etc.
+ fB;Si!> l qj~ ~ ~ullfc:lq1 CIil similar water needs. + ..................................... .
jqq'l ll ~, ~ Cfj1'f "'1"Rt mt ........................................
.. Use sprinkler/drip irrigation
3M ~ q i!>('11 -ITcft %1
systems.
Per Capita Water Availability
Year Population Water
(Million) A'ailability
(cu.m.)/pp/yr
195 1 36 1 5 177
1991 846 2209
- -
2001 1027 1820
2025 ( Proj ected ) 1394 1341
2050 (P roj ected ) 1640 1140
Wate r StreesAreas < 1700 Cu.m.lpp/yr
5. -+ Inform local bodies of leaks in -+ J1C1I'{Rt ~ "I'i ~ ctI ~ -+ Encourage users to install high
water supply system. ,~ f.'1 Cfl 1 <Bl ~ I
<11 efficiency plumbing fixtures
+ Close public taps after use. -+ f1 1 f.'1 Cfl
h '1C1l <Bl 3 q <1l ll cf; 'l"lC; ~
and provide incentives if
possible.
+ Close running taps opened by "CflX ~ I
others. + Check for leakages in water
-+ f1 1 f.'1 Cfl ~ "'1"X ifC1" ~ cf;
h supply systems and attend to
+ Paste water saving instructions ~"I'i~~1 leakage complaints
at public places.
+ Don't use excessive water at
-+ f1 1 f.'1 Cfl
h "Wctm31i 1'r 3lfWp qr;f) "Cf)j immediately.
3q<1l l l "'f cR I + Encourage residents to adopt
public conveniences. water conservation and roof
-+ Don't let water run at public -+ f1 lhf.'1Cfl ~n"il I C1<1l "I'i "'fC1 ~ "'f top rain water harvesting
toilets. ~I systems.
+ Use only as much water as -+ mAT 1lFfr BT ~ cR ~ + Adopt water efficient flushes at ~ "'fC1 10i 3RT 3 q Cfl '( 0 1 "C1"'TT"t cf;
required. 3WH<1Cfld l ~ I public conveniences. ~ ~1 cti 1["6('1 cR TIm ~ "fi">rq ~ cit
+ Consider for providing dual ~~~~cR l
water supply system for public
conveniences. -+ J1C1IWTI ~u l lfc:t<1l "I'i ~ ctI ~
+ Use treated effluent water for cR TIm ~ ctI ~ I CflI<1('11 <Bl ~
horticulture purposes. '&' cR I
-+ ..................................... . -+ C'i'rTI <Bl ifC1" "f1'x~ TIm t9(1" "ft Cf1'If
ifC1" ~ ~ 0 II fc:t <11 <Bl ~ cf;
~ ~lcti l ["6('1 cR I
-+ f1 1 f.'1 Cfl
h "Wctm31i
"I'i "Cfl11 qr;f) "Cf)j
3q<1l l l m~~<Blwnii I
-+ ~ J1 C11 WTI ~ "Cf)j mcItIT'l cR
-~ cf; ~ Wfmr ifC1" TIm ~
3q<1l l l cf; ~ ~ifC1" I
-+ Wfmr ~ ~ "Cf)j 61l ll ql'1~1 "I'i
~cR l
-+ ..................................... .
6. •
• Learn to compute water • ~ c#t iIC'f 3M ~ q Cfl ('11 ~<nT
• Be and encourage others to be + iIC'f
~ ~ CIil ~ q;'i TIm requirements of crops and TIm 311 q ~ q Cfl ('1 1 1~ '1T'iT CIil 3 q q1 ' I
i'(1
part of water conscious ~ <nT >ft ~ ~ ~l cti l fg('1 cR I apply as much water as cR I 31 f.1 q f'I ('1 "WI "ft ~ "'i cR I
community. needed. Do not irrigate ~ <rJ1"T1:; 101> f.1 q f'I ('1 ~
• Encourage your neighbors and
+ 3l'R q 61 R1 q1 TIm ~ <nT Cfil1 '1T'iT randomly rather follow a proper
3 q q1 ' I if C'IT"t "CfT"R "'1c'lT m <nT ~I
friends to install and use high schedule.
efficiency plumbing fixtures ~ cf; ~ ~lctilfg('1 cR TIm ~ + Schedule water application
+ 1:f)"ffC1" ~ cf; "fIT'21" m ~ "ill ~
and exhort them to adopt water '1T'iT ~ c#t ~ ~ cf; ~ rates with growth of crop. '1T'iT c#t ~ if ~ "C'lTti I
saving habits. ~cRl + Choose irrigation system best + 1:f)"ffC1". fi'® '0i J1 C1 q Ig cf; ~
suited to crops, soil and ~~~ I
• Encourage for adopting roof + t9(1""ft qqf iIC'f ~ <nT ~ cf;
top rain water harvesting.
~ ~l cti l fg('1 cR I
climate. +~ "f1l1"<T ~ m CIil 3 q'11' I
• Encourage for plantation I + Provide a good maintenance to cRl
afforestation in the area. + Fc1 £1 1C1 q1 ~ cf; ~ iIC'f
<nT >ft irrigation system.
+~ cf; 3ifc'r1 tiR cf; '1T'iT <nT >ft
• Encourage school system to "fRaTOT <nT ~ ~ cf; ~1 ('(11fg('1 cR I + Use sensors to indicate
R~m, PcP C1 CRCf; ~ if 3 q q1 ' I
help develop and promote a irrigation time.
+ ~~<nT ~lcti l fg('1 cR I + Recycle tail end water for cRl
water conservation ethics
irrigation. + ~ <nT "fIl1(1""C1" m I
among childern. +~ qR qlJ1'1 1
31T if '(15q'I '1 ~ JlT
+
• Support projects that will lead ~ '1T'iT cf; "fRaTOT TIm ~
Level the land properly. + ~ <nT ~ cf; ~ '1"$ cf; i'fTit
to conservation of fresh water ~ q1 J1 "11 cf; ~ ~ '1T'iT cf; Tl •
+ Check joints, couplings <nT cl<t> "ft "J1'fq cR I
and reuse of waste water for properly for leaks.
~ <nT 6[G';]CIl ~ ~ I + Canals should be
various purposes.
• Encourage social groups + iIC'f "fRaTOT CfWi1> '11 "ft ¥ { 1I'11 RiI Cfl ensure canals are free from
seepages. +~ '1T'iT CIil 3 q q1' I ~ 3ffi
engaged in water conservation fi ' I (F11 <nT ~1 cti I fg ('1 cR I
program. + Use clean water with drip and f9;SCfl IQ ~&RTcR I
+ ..................................... . + ..................................... . sprinklers. + ~"'T(1"CI"R <nT "'i ~ ~ 3Rlm '1T'iT
+ Don't let the weeds grow and c#t <l["q"(f ~ I
eat away water.
+ Don 'tbreach canals. + ~-i'f"'Tn~~1
+ Don't consider water only as a + '1T'iT <nT l'fr<t ~ ~ "'i ~
priceless resource rather think ~ <$ ~ fcp ~ '1T'iT .".gr it'TT
if no water than what and how? cit <mT 3ffi cRt it'TT I
+ ...................................... + ....................................~
7. + Perform water audit to benchmark + ~ ',<;!ic"p'i ~ it ~ 1:JT"ft CBT + The waste water shou l d be + ~ 1:JT"ft CBT ~ 1'1 q I'11 m cf; ~
unit wise water use. 4W1IC6 m cf; ~ ~ cR I considered for gardening etc.
'3 Qq1 ' 1<'i "C11<TI ~ I
+ Modernize processes to reduce + 1:JT"ft cf; cp11 ~ cf; ~ >ffiIRrrw CIil • Proper processing of effluents by + dI ElW'1 Cf) ~ Cf) I~ ql ~ CBT "l1T'l"Cf5T cf;
water requirements. 3lTI;!f.1Cf>~1 Cf)'01 cR I industrial units to adhere to the
~wmcR~~"'litl
norms for disposal to avoid
+ Recycling water with a re- + Tf: { i "q I'< 0I CfTC'I ~~ ct C1 '1 >l 0II FC:IIl'i <'i pollution. + ~ 1:JT"ft CIil ~ cf; 31]tffi" "'R
circulating cooling system can 1:JT"ft CBT Tf: ~ ~ ~ <!R 3lC'I'T-3lC'I'TcR I~ ~ m
greatly reduce water use by using ~~ctC1'1 >ffiIRrr <'i '3qql 'l ~ 1:JT"ft + Consider segregating waste water
~ ,'<1 1 '11
q eft 6j""q"(f iP11. 1fGTm CBT
the same water to perform several eft ~ CBT cp11 "Cf)""X ~ ~ I streams according to the level of
cooling operations. contamination. Waste water Tf : >IT'(f m <'i m C1 ct I iP11 TIm
+ Use high pressure washing
+~ c:<ITCI CfTC'I ~ ~ ~ segregation can reduce the use of 1:JT"ft CIil '<1 jFil ct '3 Q<il 'l it>rr I
systems to reduce waste water
~ ~ ~ 1:JT"ft cp11 '1T'3IT treatment chemicals, facilitate + m cf; ~ TIm m cf; ~ ~ "l"Jl?
generation.
<'i <rfi I material recovery and allow
ifC1 ,""efUT cf; 3""YTlli CBT >1T <'lJ11 fcI;-m
greater use of water.
+ Three cooling water conservation
+ ~~ ct C1 '1 ifC1 ,""efUT % Fc1 di clT'1" ~ "JlTIT I
eft ~ ~ql q~~q ~ 31'ii1l~~I"1
approaches are - evaporative
'0I"'l" 1:!"3R tic ~ Cffr4 i1 I "C1ic CBT ~
• Tips recommended for indoor and
outdoor water conservation may
+ ..................................... .
cooling, ozonation and air heat
exchange. The ozonation cooling ~ cf; ~ q, Rj '(1' 1ct '<1'<1 1 f.1 Cf)
q also be applied.
water approach can result in five sftcic eft ~ <}I1 i11 ~ ~ I'1 ~
+ ..................................... .
fold reduction in blow down when ~ CBT <}I q '11 Cf) , cfi"-q :fIT 1:JT"ft eft
compared to traditional chemical 6j""q"(fit ~ t TIm ~ ~ iTeR
treatment and should be <'i 1:JT"ft eft 6j""q"(f CBT "ilGfCIT ~ cf; ~
considered as an option of
1:!"Cf5 ~ cf; "ctR "'R fum ~ I
increasing water savings in a
cooling tower. + ~ qC1~'Ii1 CBT ~. ~ >!CITE"
cf; ,<m'1" "'R <}I f.1, 't1, >!CITE" ~ CBT
+ The use of de-ionized water in
3lQ'1 ICf), TIm ~ CBT f.1<i~ct ~
rinsing can be reduced without
~-<}I I <il '1 1 "';$ 1:JT"ft cf; ~ CBT
~
affecting production quality, by
eliminating some plenum flushes, '3 «11 <; '1 10 Iq'ct I CBT ~ ~ fiJ:'1T
converting from a continuous flow cp11 fcI;-m "i1T WPctT t I
to an intermittent flow system and
improving control on the use.
+ ~-31lq1'1 1 ~""'S 1:JT"ft CBT 3RT '3Qq1' n
"C11<TI "i1T WPctT t ~ "I:l5
<'i >1T
+ The re-use of de-ionized water ~ it ~ "'f'l"'< ~ cf; 1:JT"ft x'r
may also be considered for other ~ 3l"'m it WPctT %I
uses because it may still be better
than supplied municipal water.
8. IWater Word Scramble I IWater Quiz I
TrueJFalae
1. AlEK
1. The water coming out of your faucet contains molecules that the T F
2. PVORA dinosaurs drank.
3. NDKIR 2. The volume of earth's water is constantly changing. T F
4. EURSE
3. Potable water is drinkable water. T F
5. VERIR
4. Water exist naturally in the form of 8 gas. 8 liquid and 8 solid. T F
6. VOESNCRE
7. TRASEM 5. Our human bodies are mostly water. T F
8. DISlO 6. We can survive two months without drinking water. T F
9. USN
7. A reservoir is 8 man-made lake used for water storage. T F
10. EWRAT
11. ECRElCY 8. Tha average yearly rainfall in Deihl Is about 612 mm. T F
12. IlDIUQ 9. The Barth naturally recycles water faster than we can use it. T F
13. LUDCO 10. Most plants do not die from over watering. T F
14. SGA
15. AEVS
N......ach fo"" of water
nw bonrb ofHyr/ro(JM Use the SeCl'8t Code
an.bondof ~el1
SECRET CODe
c=+ E= "'" L= a M=0 0=' R=. T='" u= 3-- w=... 1
no 'pJnbn 'pfJOS :.,.,.. JO ftIUO::J
_ru~'_T_'~V_'_'_T~T_'
9. Indian Standard Drinking Water - Specification (BIS 10500 : 1991)
SI.No Substance or Characteristic Requirement Permissible Limit in
(Desirable Limit) the absence of
AlternateSource
Essential characteristics
1. Colour (Hazen units, Max) 5 25
2. Odour Unobjectionable Unobjectionable
3. Taste Agreeable Agreeable
4. Turbidity (NTU , Max) 5 10
5. pH Value 6.5 to 8.5 No Relaxation
6. Total Hardness (as CaCO,) mgtl,Max 300 600
7. Iron (as Fe) mgtl , Max 0.3 1.0
8. Chlorides (as CI) mgtl , Max. 250 1000
9. Residue free chlorine , mgtl , Min 0.2
Desi rable Characteristics
10. Dissolved solids mgtl, Max 500 2000
11 . Calcium (as Cal mgtl , Max 75 200
12. Copper (as Cu) mgtl, Max 0.05 1.5
13. Manganese (as Mn) mgtl , Max 0.10 0.3
14. Sulfate (as SO.) mgtl , Max 200 400
15. Nitrate (as NO,) mgtl, Max 45 100
16. Fluoride (as F) mgtl , Max 1.9 1.5
17. Phenolic Compounds (as C,H,oH) mgtl , Max 0.001 0.002
18. Mercury (as Hg)mgtl , Max 0.001 No relaxation
19. Cadmiun (as Cd)mgtl, Max 0.01 No relaxation
20. Selenium (as Se)mgtl, Max 0.01 No relaxation
21 . Arsenic (as As) mgtl , Max 0.0 1" No relaxation
22. Cyanide (as CN) mgtl , Max 0.05 No relaxation
23. Lead (as Pb) mgtl , Max 0.05 No relaxation
24. Zinc (as Zn) mgtl , Max 5 15
25. Anionic detergents (as MBAS) mgtl , Max 0.2 1.0
26. Chromium (as Cr" ) mgtl, Max 0.05 No relaxation
27. Polynuclear aromatic hydro carbons (as PAH) gtl , Max
28. Mineral Oil mgtl , Max 0.01 0.03
29. Pesticides mgtl , Max Absent 0.00 1
30. Radioactive Materials
i. Alpha emitters Bqtl , Max 0.1
ii. Beta emitters pcitl, Max 1.0
31 . Alkalinity mgtl. Max 200 600
32 . Alum inium (as AI) mgtl , Max 0.03 0.2
33 . Boron mgtl, Max 1 5
" Revised by SIS in September 2003
3lftr<p Jl1 '1 if) I '<l ct ~ -ff% 'if>t
~~~~
~~. ~
18 / 11 ifIl1 xt?
~ ~ - 110011
For details contact:
Central Ground Water Board
18/11 Jamnagar House, Mansingh Road
New Delhi - 110011
Phone: 011-23384355,23382142, 23073076, 23386743 (Fax)
Email: oicnd-cgwb@nic.in Website: www.cgwb.gov.in