Rachem Trinindo adalah perusahaan yang bergerak dalam pengadaan perlengkapan yang dibutuhkan untuk Industri. Diantaranya adalah alat-alat industri, dan juga bahan kimia yang digunakan untuk kepentingan industri, serta menjual bahan kimia yang membantu dalam pekerjaan seperti bahan kimia yang mempermudah pembukaan baut/ mur, perontok cat, pembersih karat, dan lainnya.
Kami mengeluarkan berbagai bahan kimia dengan bermacam kegunaan, tentunya selain didukung kualitas yang baik, harganya terjangkau sehingga dapat bersaing dengan produk yang lebih mahal. Produk kami ini memiliki kualitas tinggi sehingga kami dengan bangga memasarkan produk kami ke public dengan harga bersaing dan produk ini kami beri nama Prolix Chemical.
Rachem Trinindo merupakan salah satu Badan Usaha Milik Swasta (BUMS) di sektor Perdagangan yang bergerak dalam bidang Alat Peralatan Mekanikal, Eeletrikal, Spare Part Mesin-Mesin Industri & Jasa Pengantaran/ Pengiriman Barang.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
Rachem Trinindo adalah perusahaan yang bergerak dalam pengadaan perlengkapan yang dibutuhkan untuk Industri. Diantaranya adalah alat-alat industri, dan juga bahan kimia yang digunakan untuk kepentingan industri, serta menjual bahan kimia yang membantu dalam pekerjaan seperti bahan kimia yang mempermudah pembukaan baut/ mur, perontok cat, pembersih karat, dan lainnya.
Kami mengeluarkan berbagai bahan kimia dengan bermacam kegunaan, tentunya selain didukung kualitas yang baik, harganya terjangkau sehingga dapat bersaing dengan produk yang lebih mahal. Produk kami ini memiliki kualitas tinggi sehingga kami dengan bangga memasarkan produk kami ke public dengan harga bersaing dan produk ini kami beri nama Prolix Chemical.
Rachem Trinindo merupakan salah satu Badan Usaha Milik Swasta (BUMS) di sektor Perdagangan yang bergerak dalam bidang Alat Peralatan Mekanikal, Eeletrikal, Spare Part Mesin-Mesin Industri & Jasa Pengantaran/ Pengiriman Barang.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
ppt profesionalisasi pendidikan Pai 9.pdfNur afiyah
Pembelajaran landasan pendidikan yang membahas tentang profesionalisasi pendidikan. Semoga dengan adanya materi ini dapat memudahkan kita untuk memahami dengan baik serta menambah pengetahuan kita tentang profesionalisasi pendidikan.
Sebuah buku foto yang berjudul Lensa Kampung Ondel-Ondelferrydmn1999
Indonesia, negara kepulauan yang kaya akan keragaman budaya, suku, dan tradisi, memiliki Jakarta sebagai pusat kebudayaan yang dinamis dan unik. Salah satu kesenian tradisional yang ikonik dan identik dengan Jakarta adalah ondel-ondel, boneka raksasa yang biasanya tampil berpasangan, terdiri dari laki-laki dan perempuan. Ondel-ondel awalnya dianggap sebagai simbol budaya sakral dan memainkan peran penting dalam ritual budaya masyarakat Betawi untuk menolak bala atau nasib buruk. Namun, seiring dengan bergulirnya waktu dan perubahan zaman, makna sakral ondel-ondel perlahan memudar dan berubah menjadi sesuatu yang kurang bernilai. Kini, ondel-ondel lebih sering digunakan sebagai hiasan atau sebagai sarana untuk mencari penghasilan. Buku foto Lensa Kampung Ondel-Ondel berfokus pada Keluarga Mulyadi, yang menghadapi tantangan untuk menjaga tradisi pembuatan ondel-ondel warisan leluhur di tengah keterbatasan ekonomi yang ada. Melalui foto cerita, foto feature dan foto jurnalistik buku ini menggambarkan usaha Keluarga Mulyadi untuk menjaga tradisi pembuatan ondel-ondel sambil menghadapi dilema dalam mempertahankan makna budaya di tengah perubahan makna dan keterbatasan ekonomi keluarganya. Buku foto ini dapat menggambarkan tentang bagaimana keluarga tersebut berjuang untuk menjaga warisan budaya mereka di tengah arus modernisasi.
ppt profesionalisasi pendidikan Pai 9.pdfNur afiyah
Pembelajaran landasan pendidikan yang membahas tentang profesionalisasi pendidikan. Semoga dengan adanya materi ini dapat memudahkan kita untuk memahami dengan baik serta menambah pengetahuan kita tentang profesionalisasi pendidikan.
Sebuah buku foto yang berjudul Lensa Kampung Ondel-Ondelferrydmn1999
Indonesia, negara kepulauan yang kaya akan keragaman budaya, suku, dan tradisi, memiliki Jakarta sebagai pusat kebudayaan yang dinamis dan unik. Salah satu kesenian tradisional yang ikonik dan identik dengan Jakarta adalah ondel-ondel, boneka raksasa yang biasanya tampil berpasangan, terdiri dari laki-laki dan perempuan. Ondel-ondel awalnya dianggap sebagai simbol budaya sakral dan memainkan peran penting dalam ritual budaya masyarakat Betawi untuk menolak bala atau nasib buruk. Namun, seiring dengan bergulirnya waktu dan perubahan zaman, makna sakral ondel-ondel perlahan memudar dan berubah menjadi sesuatu yang kurang bernilai. Kini, ondel-ondel lebih sering digunakan sebagai hiasan atau sebagai sarana untuk mencari penghasilan. Buku foto Lensa Kampung Ondel-Ondel berfokus pada Keluarga Mulyadi, yang menghadapi tantangan untuk menjaga tradisi pembuatan ondel-ondel warisan leluhur di tengah keterbatasan ekonomi yang ada. Melalui foto cerita, foto feature dan foto jurnalistik buku ini menggambarkan usaha Keluarga Mulyadi untuk menjaga tradisi pembuatan ondel-ondel sambil menghadapi dilema dalam mempertahankan makna budaya di tengah perubahan makna dan keterbatasan ekonomi keluarganya. Buku foto ini dapat menggambarkan tentang bagaimana keluarga tersebut berjuang untuk menjaga warisan budaya mereka di tengah arus modernisasi.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
This session highlights best practices and lessons learned for U.S. Bike Route System designation, as well as how and why these routes should be integrated into bicycle planning at the local and regional level.
Presenters:
Presenter: Kevin Luecke Toole Design Group
Co-Presenter: Virginia Sullivan Adventure Cycling Association
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...DevGAMM Conference
Has your project been caught in a storm of deadlines, clashing requirements, and the need to change course halfway through? If yes, then check out how the administration team navigated through all of this, relocating 160 people from 3 countries and opening 2 offices during the most turbulent time in the last 20 years. Belka Games’ Chief Administrative Officer, Katerina Rudko, will share universal approaches and life hacks that can help your project survive unstable periods when there seem to be too many tasks and a lack of time and people.
This presentation was designed to provide strategic recommendations for a brand in decline. The deck also incorporates a situational assessment, including a brand identity, positioning, architecture, and portfolio strategy for the Brand.
Presentation originally created for NYU Stern's Brand Strategy course. Design by Erica Santiago & Chris Alexander.
2. Vulkanisasi dan Bahan-Bahan Vulkanisasi
• Vulkanisasi : merubah molekul-molekul karet menjadi jaringan dengan
pembentukan ikatan silang (crosslink).
• Jenis-jenis vulkanisasi dengan sulfur :
High sulfur system (conventional vulcanization)polysulfide (C-Sx-C, x>2)
Semi efficient vulc. (semi-EV)disulfide (C-S-S-C)
Very low sulfur & sulfurless vulc. (EV)monosulfide (C-S-C) & disulfide
dominan
• Klasifikasi Crosslinking Agents :
Sulfur & sulfur containing vulcanizing agents
Peroksida
Quinonedioximes
Polymethylolphenolic Resins
Di- and triisocyanates, urethane crosslinker
Other crosslinking agents
3. Karakteristik Hasil Vulkanisasi
Jenis vulkanisasi & bahan yang berbeda dalam pembentukan
ikatan silang, akan didapat karakteristik dari produk yang
berbeda pula.
Properties yang Dioptimalkan (pada vulkanisat NR)
Crosslink pendek (C-C / C-S-C) Crosslink lebih panjang (C-Sx-C)
Stabilitas panas Tensile strength
Stabilitas reversi Elasticity
Sifat antidegradasi Fatigue resistance
Permanent set
&
compression set pada T tinggi
Permanent set pada T rendah
4. Sulfur & Sulfur Containing
Vulcanizing Agents
Penggolongan bahan ini :
• Sulfur soluble and insoluble.
• Selenium dan tellurium produk lebih lemah dibanding sulfur.
• Sulfur donor kandungan sulfur tidak stabil terhadap panas
pada T vulkanisasi sulfur dilepaskan.
Contoh : DPTT, DTDM, CLD, MBSS, TMTD, OTOS
DPTT crosslink density sangat tinggi.
OTOS ikatan silang dengan stabilitas panas tinggi.
Vulkanisasi sulfur
Karet tanpa ikatan rangkap (jenuh)
Karet dengan ikatan rangkap (NR, SBR, NBR, dll)
5. Peroksida
• Baik digunakan untuk karet sintetis jenuh (EVM, EPM, CM, Q, dll)
maupun karet diene (NBR dan EPDM).
• Tidak dugunakan untuk IIR terurai dengan kehadiran peroksida.
Contoh : diacetylperoxide, dicumylperoxide, dll.
Beberapan keuntungan dan kelemahan vulkanisasi peroksida:
Keuntungan Kelemahan
Penyimpanan compound bebas scorch Bahan-bahan yang digunakan terbatas
karena bisa bereaksi dengan peroksida
Low compression set Kebanyakan tensile strength, tear
strength, elastisitas & dynamic properties
rendah
Stabil pada T tinggi Abrasion resistance rendah
Tidak menimbulkan bloom Swelling tinggi
Tidak menimbulkan discoloration Menimbulkan bau tidak enak & beracun
6. Other Crosslinking Agents
• Quinonedioximes
Paling banyak untuk IIR, jika divulkanisasi dengan sulfur perlu
waktu yang lama.
Contoh : CDO, dibenzo-CDO.
• Polymethylolphenolic resins
Heat & steam stability produk sangat baik.
Vulkanisasi lambat tetapi compression set rendah.
• Di- and triisocyanates, urethane crosslinker
Isocyanate untuk karet diene didapat heat & oil resistance
Urethane untuk NR didapat stabilitas reversi yang baik
Contoh : TDI, MOCA
• Polyamine (FKM), epoxy resins, metalloorganic & organo silicone,
etc.
7. Pencepat Primer dan Sekunder
• Pencepat primer : waktu pravulkanisasi panjang
• Pencepat sekunder : waktu pravulkanisasi pendek
Dithiophosphate
Dithiocarbamate
Guanidine
Thiuram
Sulfenamide
Mercapto
Pencepat
Sekunder
Pencepat
Primer
Pencepat
sekunder
Pencepat
primer
Laju vulkanisasi
bertambah, keamanan
scorch terjamin
8. Vulcanization Accelerators
Golongan Respon terhadap vulkanisasi Contoh
Mercapto
CUKUP CEPAT,
umumnya kombinasi, scorch sedang
MBT, MBTS (retarder
CR), ZMBT (untuk lateks)
Sulfenamide
CEPAT-DITUNDA,
tunggal/kombinasi, scorch panjang
CBS, TBBS, MBS, DCBS
Dithiocarbamate
SANGAT CEPAT,
sec. acc. utk mercapto & sulfenamide
ZDMC, ZDBC, ZDEC
Thiuram
SANGAT CEPAT,
sec. acc. utk mercapto & sulfenamide
TMTD (sulfur donor
semi-EV), TMTM, DPTT
Guanidine
SEDANG,
sec. acc. utk mercapto & sulfenamide
DPG, DOTG, OTBG
Aldehyde-Amine LAMBAT BAA, HEXA, TCT
Thiourea CEPAT, untuk vulkanisasi CR ETU, DPTU, DETU
Dithiophosphate CEPAT, biasanya kombinasi ZDBP, CuIDP
9. Pencepat Mercapto
• Biasanya digunakan bersama acc. basa (guanidine)
vulkanisasi lebih cepat, crosslink density naik
• Kombinasi dengan thiuram untuk vulkanisasi karet yg
lambat (IIR & EPDM).
• Perlu penambahan ZnO + stearic acid / bisa diganti
dengan Zn-soap.
• Tidak menimbulkan staining.
• Biasanya untuk karet-karet : NR, IR, BR, SBR, NBR.
• Retarder : asam organik volatilitas rendah.
10. Pencepat Sulfenamide
• Laju vulkanisasi dipengaruhi penambahan pencepat
sekunder (thiuram & dithiocarbamate).
• Penambahan accelerator cepat sebagai retarder.
• Processing safety meningkat : CBS < TBBS < MBS < DCBS.
• Perlu penambahan ZnO + stearic acid / Zn-soap.
• Tidak menyebabkan staining tapi bisa menguningkan
vulkanisat.
• Untuk karet-karet : NR, IR, BR, SBR, NBR ; dalam
kombinasi EPDM ; kurang cocok untuk CR.
• Retarder : asam organik volatilitas rendah.
11. Pencepat Dithiocarbamate
• Dithiocarbamat ada bermacam-macam : Zn, ammonium, logam
lain beda di scorch time.
• Ammonium terutama untuk latex ; Se, Pb, Bi, Cu jarang dipakai.
• Dipakai sendiriprocess safety tidak baik karena sangat cepat.
• Scorch time & process safety meningkat: ZDBC < ZDEC < ZEPC <
ZDMC < Z5MC < ZBEC.
• Jika ditambah thiuram / thiazole laju vulkanisasi bisa
dikurangi, process safety naik.
• Perlu penambahan ZnO + stearic acid / Zn-soap.
• Cocok untuk banyak tipe karet, khususnya semua karet diene
termasuk IIR & EPDM, kecuali CR.
• Retarder : asam organik volatilitas rendah ; kombinasi acc.
12. Pencepat Thiuram
• Sedikit lebih lambat dari dithiocarbamat saat awal
vulkanisasi.
• Penambahan sulfenamide menunda scorch time tanpa
mempengaruhi total curing time.
• Perlu penambahan ZnO + stearic acid / Zn-soap.
• Tidak menimbulkan staining.
• Cocok untuk karet-karet : NR, IR, BR, SBR & NBR serta
karet dengan ketidakjenuhan rendah : EPDM, ETER, IIR.
13. Pencepat Guanidine
• Jarang dipakai sebagai acc. tunggal karena menimbulkan
long scorch & long vulcanization time.
• Paling sering digabungkan dengan acc. Mercapto.
• Perlu penambahan Zno. Penambahan stearic acid akan
menghambat. Bisa juga menggunakan Zn-soap.
• Menyebabkan staining.
• Dalam kombinasi dengan thiazole, thiuram &
dithiocarbamate digunakan untuk karet NR, IR, BR,
SBR, NBR. Kurang berguna untuk IIR & EPDM.
• Bisa diperlambat dengan menurunkan nilai pH dengan
penambahan asam.
14. Penggiat (Activator)
• Bahan yang ditambahkan bersama accelerator untuk
menambah laju vulkanisasi (cure rate).
• ZnO, MgO (biasanya untuk CR).
fatty acid
(stearic acid)
sulfur ZnO
karet
dispersi
filler & chemicals
meningkat
scorch time
meningkat
15. Penghambat vulkanisasi
(Vulcanization Retarder)
Bahan yang digunakan untuk mencegah vulkanisasi yang prematur
kombinasi
acelerator
Efek
retard
acc. sekunder
acc. primer
penambahan
asam organik
volatilitas rendah
asam benzoat (BES)
phthalic anhydride (PTA)
asam salisilat (SCS)
memperpanjang scorch time & curing time
menambah scorch time saja
CTP
NDPA
Dithiophosphat kebanyakan dipakai buat EPDM biasanya kombinasi dg thiazole, thiuram & dithiocarbamate.
Thiourea khusus digunakan utk vulkanisasi CR, epichlorohydrine dan EPDM.
Dithiocarbamate & thiuram sangat polar bloom di karet non polar (NR, EPDM).
