The document summarizes VSAT technology, including its definition, history, components, uses, and future applications. Key points include: - VSAT stands for Very Small Aperture Terminal and uses small satellite dishes less than 3.8 meters to transmit and receive data via satellite. - The technology has been in development since the 1920s and was first used commercially in the 1960s for satellite television broadcasts. - Modern VSAT systems use components like antennas, BUCs, LNBs, and indoor modems to transmit and receive data via geosynchronous satellites. - Applications include broadband internet access, VoIP, and monitoring systems. The maritime VSAT market was over $400 million in 2007. - Future

1. SEMINAR

2. VSAT

3. Speaker
Eng Hasan Shamroukh
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AmH2nKNPphM

5. Seminar Agenda
•Definition
•History
•Topologies
•Components
•Maritime VSAT
•Future Applications

6. Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT)
•It is a two-way satellite ground station with
a dish antenna that is smaller than 3.8 meters.
•The majority of VSAT antennas range from
75 cm to 1.2 m.
•Data rates , in most cases, range from 4 kbit/s
up to 16 Mbit/s.

7. Geosynchronous (Geostationary) Orbit
circular orbit 35,786 kilometres (22,236 mi) above the Earth's equator and
following the direction of the Earth's rotation

8. Time between Earth & Satellite
C speed of light
R Earth Radius
r Orbital Radius
Φ = 45 elevation angle of Dish Antenna

9. Uses
•Narrow band data
•(e.g., point of sale transactions using credit cards,
polling or RFID data, or SCADA)
•Broad band data
•(for the provision of satellite internet access to
remote locations, VoIP or video).
•Transportable, on-the-move (utilizing phased
array antenna antennas) or mobile maritime

10. History
•The beginning of the 20th century:
•The concept of the geostationary orbit was
originated by Russian theorist Konstantin
Tsiolkovsky , who wrote articles on space
travel around.
•1920s, Hermann Oberth and Herman
Potocnik (Herman Noordung), described an orbit at
an altitude of 35,900 kilometers (22,300 mi)
whose period exactly matched the Earth's rotational
period, making it appear to hover over a fixed point
on the Earth's Equator

11. •October 1945
•Arthur C. Clarke’s Wireless World article
(called "Extra-Terrestrial Relays: Can Rocket
Stations Give World-wide Radio Coverage?")
discussed the necessary orbital
characteristics for a geostationary orbit and
the frequencies and power needed for
communication.

12. •1960s
•Live satellite communication was developed
by NASA, which called it Syncom1-3.
•It transmitted live coverage of the Japan
Olympics 1964 to viewers in USA and Europe.
April 6, 1965
•the first commercial satellite was launched
into space, Intelsat 1 (Early Bird)

13. •The first commercial VSATs were C band (6 GHz)
receive-only systems by Equatorial Communications
using Spread Spectrum technology.
•Early 1980s
•More than 30,000 60cm antenna systems were sold.
•1984–1985
•Equatorial later developed a C band (4/6 GHz) two-way
system using 1 m x 0.5 m antennas and sold about
10,000 units in.

14. •Early 1980s
•LINKABIT (the predecessor to Qualcomm and
ViaSat) developed the world's first Ku-band (12–
14 GHz) VSAT for Schlumberger to provide
network connectivity for oil field drilling and
exploration units.
•LINKABIT which had become part of M/A-COM
went on to develop Ku band VSATs for enterprise
customers such as Walmart, Holiday Inn, Chrysler,
and General Motors.

15. •These enterprise terminals made up the vast
majority of sites for the next 20 years for two-way
data or telephony applications. A large VSAT
network, with more than 12,000 sites, was
deployed by Spacenet and MCI for the U.S. Postal
Service in the 1980s.
•Today, the largest VSAT Ku-band network
containing over 100,000 VSATs was deployed by
and is operated by Hughes Communications for
lottery applications

16. •2005
•WildBlue (now ViaSat) started deploying VSAT
networks deploying Ka-band. ViaSat launched
the highest capacity satellite ever, ViaSat-1, in
2011 to expand the WildBlue base under its
Exede brand.

17. •2007
•Hughes Communications started
deploying Ka band VSAT sites for consumers
under its HughesNet brand on the Spaceway 3
satellite and later in 2012 on its EchoStar
XXVII/Jupiter 1 satellite.
•September 2014
Hughes became the first Satellite Internet Provider
to surpass one million active terminals

18. Topologies
•Star topology
•using a central uplink site, such as a network
operations center (NOC), to transport data
back and forth to each VSAT via satellite,
•Mesh topology
•where each VSAT relays data via satellite to
another terminal by acting as a hub,
minimizing the need for a centralized uplink
site

19. •Star/Mesh topologies.
•Some VSAT networks are configured by having
several centralized uplink sites (and VSAT
stemming from it) connected in a multi-star
topology with each star (and each terminal in
each star) connected to each other in a mesh
topology.

20. •Others configured in only a single-star
topology sometimes will have each terminal
connected to each other as well, resulting in
each terminal acting as a central hub. These
configurations are utilized to minimize the
overall cost of the network, and to alleviate
the amount of data that has to be relayed
through a central uplink site (or sites) of a star
or multi-star network.

21. •FSS systems currently in orbit have a huge
capacity with a relatively low price structure. FSS
systems provide various applications for
subscribers, including: telephony, fax, television,
high-speed data communication services,
Internet access, satellite news
gathering (SNG), Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB)
and others. These systems provide high-quality
service because they create efficient
communication systems for both residential and
business users.

22. Components
•Antenna
•Block upconverter (BUC)
•Low-noise block downconverter (LNB)
•Orthomode transducer (OMT)
•Interfacility link cable (IFL)
•Indoor unit (IDU)

23. Antenna
2.5m parabolic
dish antenna for
bidirectional satellit
e Internet access

24. BUC

25. LNB

26. OMT

27. •All the outdoor parts on the dish are
collectively called the ODU (Outdoor Unit),
i.e., OMT to split signal between BUC and LNB.
The IDU is effectively a modem, usually with
ethernet port and 2 x F-connectors for the
coax to BUC (Transmit) and from LNB
(Receive).

28. •The Astra2Connect has an all-in-one
OMT/BUC/LNA that looks like a Quad LNB in
shape and size which mounts on a regular TV
satellite mount. As a consequence it is only
500 mW compared with the normal 2W, thus
is poorer in rain. Skylogic's Tooway system also
uses an integrated OMT/BUC/LNB assembly
called a transmit and receive integrated
assembly (TRIA), which is 3W.

29. Maritime VSAT
•A maritime VSAT is a VSAT with features that
allow it to be operated on a ship at sea. A ship
that is underway is in continuous motion in all
axes. The antenna part of a marine VSAT
system must be stabilized with respect to the
horizon and true north as the ship moves
beneath it. Motors and sensors are used to
keep the antenna pointed accurately at the
satellite.

30. •This enables it to transmit to and receive from
the satellite whilst minimizing losses and
interference with adjacent satellites. New
technology is emerging which allows a solid
state device (flat panel) to electronically steer
the antenna without moving parts, this new
technology is in it's infancy but will be a major
game changer for the industry.

31. Technology
•Initially, stabilized satellite antennas were
used on ships for reception of television
signals. One of the first companies to
manufacture stabilized VSAT antennas was
SeaTel of Concord, California, which launched
its first stabilized antenna in 1978. SeaTel
dominates the supply of two-way VSAT
stabilised antenna systems to the marine
industry with almost 72% of the market in
2007 compared to Orbit’s 17.6%..

32. •Initially, maritime VSAT was using single
channel per carrier technology, which suited
large-volume users like oil drilling rigs and oil
platforms and large fleets of ships from one
ship-owner sailing within one or few satellite
footprints.

33. •This changed when the
company iDirect launched its IP-based time-
division multiple access technology that
dynamically allocated bandwidth to each ship
for shared bandwidth, lowering the entry-level
cost for getting maritime VSAT installed, which
turned out to be of key importance to small to
mid-sized fleets, and thus to the market
acceptance of VSAT

34. Market
•According to the Maritime VSAT report issued
by the Comsys Group, the market for
stabilized maritime VSAT services (not
including oil and gas rigs) reached more than
$400 million in 2007. In
2010, COMSYS released its "2nd Maritime
VSAT Report", where the market estimate had
increased to $590 million in 2009 with
predictions for 2010 at $850 million

35. •. The estimated size of the market in terms of
vessels eligible to get VSAT was in this report
set to in excess of 42.000 with just over
34.000 to go. The major companies market
share in terms of number of vessels in service
were in 2009 (2007 in parenthesis) according
to these reports

36. •Vizada: 17,6% (26.0%), Ship Equip: 11.0%
(10.7%), Cap Rock 2.8% (2.9%), MTN 7.5%
(6.4%), Stratos - % (3.6%), KVH 5.4% (- %)
Elektrikom 4.9% (3.2%), Intelsat 3.4% (- %),
Eutelsat 3.1%, NSSL 3.1%, Radio Holland 3.0%,
Telemar 3.0%, DTS 2.6% and others accounted
for 32.6% (27.7%).

37. •Many of the major providers have branded
their maritime VSAT offerings such
that Vizada offers its service through the
Marlink division and the SeaLink and WaveCall
products, OmniAccess, through their
BroadBEAM products and Ship Equip calls its
offering Sevsat

38. Future Applications
•Advances in technology have dramatically
improved the price–performance ratio of fixed
satellite service (FSS) over the past five years.
New VSAT systems are coming online
using Ka band technology that promise higher
data rates for lower costs.