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週
刊
2014.07.14
Vol.08
Vol.08
経済について調べてみた
その2
Today’s theme
週
刊
00
Vol.08
issue
おさらい
週
刊
00issue
おさらい 3つのキーワード
Vol.07
経済学は「希少な対象」について考える
人々はインセンティブに反応する
ノーフリーランチの法則
費用と便益を比べている
トレードオフが成り立つ
週
刊
01
Vol.08
issue
便益
週
刊
01issue
便益
便益ってなに?
Vol.08
便益とは、企業で言えば
【売上】や【利益】を指し、
個人で言えば、
【各個人が得(満足)と感じることの合計】
!
ここでは統一の「満足」というものさしがあるわけではない。
個々人が「満足である」と考えれば、それは便益と考える。
満足とはなにか?を問うものではないってこと。
週
刊
02
Vol.08
issue
機会費用
週
刊
01issue
機会費用
費用はちょっとややこしい
Vol.08
とりあえず今回覚えて欲しいキーワードは2つ
機会費用
サンクコスト
週
刊
02issue
機会費用
機会費用とはなにか
Vol.08
何かをする裏で、別の何かをする
機会 が失われているという意味
機会費用とは、ものごとを行うかげで、
犠牲になるモノ・コト・カネ(=機会)
週
刊
02issue
機会費用
具体例として
Vol.08
たとえば、アルバイトをサボって、合コンに行ったとする。合コンの参加費は¥3,000。
GOUKON!
参加費¥3,000
サボり
この際の費用は¥3,000?
週
刊
02issue
機会費用
具体例として
Vol.08
もしアルバイトにいっていたらもらえていたであろう給与も費用である。
GOUKON!
参加費¥3,000
サボり
アルバイト給与 ¥5,000
費用は¥3,000+¥5,000=¥8,000
さらに失う信用なども「費用」になる。もしクビになるとしたら…?
週
刊
03
Vol.08
issue
サンクコスト
週
刊
03issue
サンクコスト
サンクコストとは
Vol.08
サンクコスト=埋没費用
すでに支払ってしまっていて、
その後行動を変えても、
増えたり減ったりしないタイプのコスト。
週
刊
03issue
サンクコスト
具体例として
Vol.08
2時間の映画のチケットを1800円で購入したとする。 映画館に入場し、映画を見始めた。
10分後に映画が余りにもつまらないことが判明。
チケット代1800円と
上映時間の2時間を失う。
映画を見続けるべきか、それとも途中で映画館を退出して、 残りの時間を有効に使うべきか
映画を見続けた場合
映画を見るのをやめた場合
映画鑑賞費用:¥1,800
映画鑑賞費用:¥1,800 10分
10分 2時間弱
チケット代1800円と退出までの上映時間の10分間は失う
が、残った時間の1時間50分を有効に使うことができる。
サンクコスト
ヤバイ!つまらん!
この場合、チケット代1800円とつまらないと感じるまでの10分がサンクコスト。このサンクコストは、どちらの選択肢を選んだとしても回収できない。
したがって、時間を浪費してまで、つまらないと感じる映画を見続けることは経済学的に合理的な選択ではない。しかし、多くの人は「払った1800円が
もったいない。元を取らなければ。」などと考え、つまらない映画を見続けることによって時間を浪費してしまいがち。
週
刊
参考資料
Vol.08
世界一シンプルな経済入門 経済は損得で理解しろ! 日頃の疑問からデフレまで

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日の出通信 Vol.8