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[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Vitamins & Cofactors
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Vitamine Lipid-soluble Water-soluble  A  D  E  K   硫辛酸 ( 氧化型 ) Vc  VB 硫辛酸 ( 还原型 ) B 1  B 2  B 3   B 5  B 12  B 6  B 7  B 11  B 12
Conjugated enzyme Apoenzyme Metal ion Cofector Coenzyme  or prosthetic  group Simple enzyme E N Z Y M E 大多数 辅酶的前体 主要是 水溶性  B  族维生素 。
Cofactors   Metal ions  coenzymes Activator ions  Metal ions of  Cosubstrates  Prosthetic   (Loosely bound)  metalloenzymes  (Loosely bound)  groups    (tightly bound)  (tightly bound) Types of  Cofactors ,[object Object]
一、 Water-soluble vitamine ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1 、 VB 1 (  硫胺素 )  (植物种子、胚芽、芹菜、白菜、酵母) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],抗脚气病维生素 硫胺素
VB 1 和 TPP ,[object Object],功能: 是催化  - 酮酸的脱羧反应 噻唑环 C 2 记住 :TPP 的中文含义 焦磷酸硫胺素
TPP 在丙酮酸脱羧中的作用机制 +H + O ‖ H 3 C-C- COO - + C   S  R  N C  C   OH ︱ H 3 C-C- COO - C   S  R  N C  C   +H +   CO 2   OH ︱ H 3 C-C-H C  S  R  N C  C   活性乙醛 TPP 在丙酮酸脱羧中的作用机制
2 、核黄素( VB 2 ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1 10 1 VB 2 10
VB 2 ( 核黄素 ) 和  FAD 和 FMN ,[object Object],功能 : 在脱氢酶催化的氧化 - 还原反应中,起着电子和质子的传递体作用。 2 脱氢加氢在 1 , 10 位 1 10
FMN 和 FAD 的氧化 - 还原反应 ,[object Object],[object Object],+2H -2H +2H -2H 记住 : FMN 和 FAD 的中文含义、结构特点 和加氢脱氢的位点 氧化型  还原型 氧化型  还原型
CH 2 -C-CH-C- NH-CH 2 -CH 2 COOH ︱ H 3 C   OH  O  OH  CH 3 ︱ ︱ ︱ ‖ ,[object Object],3 、 VB 3 ( 泛酸 ) 和辅酶 A(CoA)  - Ala
VB 3 ( 泛酸 ) 和辅酶 A(CoA) ,[object Object],功能: 辅酶 A  是传递酰基 ,是形成代谢中间产物的重要辅酶 ( CoA ACP ) 。 VB 3
辅酶 A(CoA) 的作用机制  -  +  - SCoA 记住 :  CoA 的功能位点 酰基转移酶的辅酶
4 、维生素  B 5 ( VPP )与 NAD + 和 NADP + ,[object Object],[object Object],吡啶环 尼克酸 尼克酰胺 2 4 1 3 
[object Object],维生素  B 5 (维生素 PP )与 NAD + 和 NADP + 功能: 是多种重要脱氢酶的辅酶。 4
加氢脱氢在 4 位 , 游离一个氢 H 记住 : NAD 和 NADP 的中文含义、结构特点 和加氢脱氢的位点 NAD ( P ) + NAD ( P ) H 氧化型  还原型 +   H +
5 、维生素 B 6 ( 吡哆素 ) ,[object Object],又称 抗皮炎维生素
吡哆素和磷酸吡哆素 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
磷酸吡哆素的作用机制 记住: PLP 和 PMP 的中文含义及功能
6 、  VB 7 (生物素, V H ) ,[object Object],记住 : 羧化酶的功能是作为 CO 2 的载体 ,在生物合成中起传递和固定 CO 2 的作用 脲 噻吩 戊酸侧链
生物素 羧化酶 的作用机制 + HCO 3 - 生物素-酶 CO 2 生物素-酶
7 、 VB 11 ( 叶酸 ) 和四氢叶酸 (FH 4 或 THF) ,[object Object],记住: THF 的主要作用是作为一碳基团 ,如 -CH 3 , -CH 2 -, -CHO  等的载体,参与多种生物合成过程。 5 6 8 7 10
8 、 维生素 B 12 与辅酶 B 12  ( 抗恶性贫血维生素 ) ,[object Object],[object Object],记住:唯一含金属离子 (Co + ) 的维生素
9 、硫辛酸 ,[object Object],硫辛酸在糖代谢中起到重要作用,是丙酮酸和酮戊二酸 脱氢酶 的辅酶,在氧化脱羧过程中 传递酰基和氢 。
[object Object],[object Object],10 、 辅酶 Q(CoQ)
[object Object],11 、维生素 C (抗坏血酸  Acorbic acid ) L- 抗坏血酸 脱氢抗坏血酸
Water-soluble vitamine and coenzyme 维生素 辅酶形式  辅酶的主要作用  缺乏症 B 1   TPP  α - 酮酸脱氢  脚气病 B 2   FMN 、 FAD  参与递氢  口角炎 B 3  HSCoA  转移酰基   B 5 (PP)  NAD + 、 NADP +   参与递氢  癞皮病 B 6   磷酸吡哆醛  转氨基等  VB 7  (H )  与酶蛋白结合   参与羧化反应  B 11  FH 4  一碳基团转移  巨幼红细胞性贫 B 12   脱氧 腺 苷 B 12   变位 甲基 转移 C  参与 烃 化反应  坏血病
二、 Lipid-soluble vitamins   ( 脂溶性维生素 ) ,[object Object]
维生素 A   ( 抗干眼病维生素)   ( 菠菜、番茄、胡萝卜和动物肝脏、奶制品、鱼肝油 )     V A 与正常视觉密切相关 在动物体内 β -胡萝卜素在酶的作用下产生维生素 A β -胡萝卜素是维生素 A 的前体(维生素 A   原)
[object Object]
维生素 D   (鱼肝油、动物肝、蛋为主要来源) ,[object Object],维生素 D 原 羟基化后参与 Ca 2+ 的运输和吸收
维生素 E ,[object Object],维生素 E 为 强抗氧化剂
维生素 K (绿叶蔬菜、肠道细菌合成) ,[object Object],维生素 K 与血液凝固有关
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
辅酶在酶促反应中的作用特点 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Vitamines

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3. Vitamine Lipid-soluble Water-soluble A D E K 硫辛酸 ( 氧化型 ) Vc VB 硫辛酸 ( 还原型 ) B 1 B 2 B 3 B 5 B 12 B 6 B 7 B 11 B 12
  • 4. Conjugated enzyme Apoenzyme Metal ion Cofector Coenzyme or prosthetic group Simple enzyme E N Z Y M E 大多数 辅酶的前体 主要是 水溶性 B 族维生素 。
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9. TPP 在丙酮酸脱羧中的作用机制 +H + O ‖ H 3 C-C- COO - + C S R N C C OH ︱ H 3 C-C- COO - C S R N C C +H + CO 2 OH ︱ H 3 C-C-H C S R N C C 活性乙醛 TPP 在丙酮酸脱羧中的作用机制
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15. 辅酶 A(CoA) 的作用机制  -  +  - SCoA 记住 : CoA 的功能位点 酰基转移酶的辅酶
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18. 加氢脱氢在 4 位 , 游离一个氢 H 记住 : NAD 和 NADP 的中文含义、结构特点 和加氢脱氢的位点 NAD ( P ) + NAD ( P ) H 氧化型 还原型 + H +
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21. 磷酸吡哆素的作用机制 记住: PLP 和 PMP 的中文含义及功能
  • 22.
  • 23. 生物素 羧化酶 的作用机制 + HCO 3 - 生物素-酶 CO 2 生物素-酶
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29. Water-soluble vitamine and coenzyme 维生素 辅酶形式 辅酶的主要作用 缺乏症 B 1 TPP α - 酮酸脱氢 脚气病 B 2 FMN 、 FAD 参与递氢 口角炎 B 3 HSCoA 转移酰基 B 5 (PP) NAD + 、 NADP + 参与递氢 癞皮病 B 6 磷酸吡哆醛 转氨基等 VB 7 (H ) 与酶蛋白结合 参与羧化反应 B 11 FH 4 一碳基团转移 巨幼红细胞性贫 B 12 脱氧 腺 苷 B 12 变位 甲基 转移 C 参与 烃 化反应 坏血病
  • 30.
  • 31. 维生素 A ( 抗干眼病维生素) ( 菠菜、番茄、胡萝卜和动物肝脏、奶制品、鱼肝油 ) V A 与正常视觉密切相关 在动物体内 β -胡萝卜素在酶的作用下产生维生素 A β -胡萝卜素是维生素 A 的前体(维生素 A 原)
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.