This document describes home-based treatment protocols for convergence insufficiency. It outlines two treatment groups: 1) a pencil push-up therapy group that practices the technique at home, and 2) a group that does pencil push-ups and uses a home therapy system computer program. Both groups receive therapist instructions, perform daily exercises, and have weekly check-in calls. The document provides details on subject and therapist responsibilities, required forms, compliance monitoring, and maintenance treatment.
This document provides an overview of vision therapy and its benefits from the perspective of teachers and parents. It discusses how vision problems can impact learning in subjects like reading, math, and writing. The document also summarizes research studies that show vision therapy can effectively treat conditions like convergence insufficiency. Suggested classroom modifications for students with vision issues are presented. The goal is to educate on the connections between vision and learning and how vision therapy can help students succeed academically.
- Vision therapy is effective in treating various visual dysfunctions related to problems with accommodation, vergence, and eye teaming.
- Numerous controlled studies have found that vision therapy improves vergence ability, eliminates symptoms of convergence insufficiency in 73-93% of patients, and is more effective than other treatments like surgery for intermittent exotropia.
- Vision therapy has also been shown to be as effective as tutoring in improving reading performance while also eliminating asthenopia, and to be effective in treating accommodative anomalies by normalizing accommodative function and reducing symptoms.
This document provides instructions for administering placebo vision therapy using simulated vision therapy techniques. The placebo therapy is designed to look like real vision therapy through the use of common vision therapy equipment and procedures, but is not expected to improve binocular vision or accommodative function. The therapy involves 12 weekly in-office placebo therapy sessions and home therapy. In-office techniques include using the Home Therapy System for placebo accommodative and vergence exercises, monocular Brock string exercises, visual closure tasks, and use of red/blue lenses. Home therapy involves monocular Brock string and placebo vergence/accommodation exercises. The goal is for subjects to believe they are receiving real vision therapy while therapists administer standardized placebo procedures.
La insuficiencia de convergencia y el déficit de atención están relacionados. El documento presenta el caso de una niña con ambas condiciones. Su examen optométrico mostró valores anormales como punto próximo de convergencia alto y vergencia fusional positiva baja. Fue diagnosticada con insuficiencia de convergencia inicial. Tras terapia visual, sus síntomas y valores optométricos mejoraron, mostrando la relación entre la anomalía binocular y el déficit de atención.
This randomized clinical trial compared the effectiveness of vision therapy/orthoptics, pencil pushups, and placebo vision therapy/orthoptics for treating convergence insufficiency in adults aged 19-30. 46 patients were randomly assigned to receive one of the three treatments for 12 weeks. Vision therapy/orthoptics was the only treatment that significantly improved near point of convergence and positive fusional vergence. However, over half of patients receiving vision therapy were still symptomatic at the end of treatment, though symptoms were reduced. All three groups experienced statistically significant reductions in symptoms, with 42% of vision therapy patients, 31% of placebo patients, and 20% of pencil pushup patients achieving elimination of symptoms.
Este documento describe brevemente varias pruebas para evaluar la visión binocular, incluyendo el cover test, la retinoscopía y el autorefractor. También menciona algunos síntomas como visión doble, visión borrosa y bajo rendimiento en la lectura, así como condiciones médicas como la diabetes y los problemas de la tiroides que pueden afectar la visión binocular. Además, explica los pasos para realizar un cover test de forma alternante controlando la acomodación.
This document describes home-based treatment protocols for convergence insufficiency. It outlines two treatment groups: 1) a pencil push-up therapy group that practices the technique at home, and 2) a group that does pencil push-ups and uses a home therapy system computer program. Both groups receive therapist instructions, perform daily exercises, and have weekly check-in calls. The document provides details on subject and therapist responsibilities, required forms, compliance monitoring, and maintenance treatment.
This document provides an overview of vision therapy and its benefits from the perspective of teachers and parents. It discusses how vision problems can impact learning in subjects like reading, math, and writing. The document also summarizes research studies that show vision therapy can effectively treat conditions like convergence insufficiency. Suggested classroom modifications for students with vision issues are presented. The goal is to educate on the connections between vision and learning and how vision therapy can help students succeed academically.
- Vision therapy is effective in treating various visual dysfunctions related to problems with accommodation, vergence, and eye teaming.
- Numerous controlled studies have found that vision therapy improves vergence ability, eliminates symptoms of convergence insufficiency in 73-93% of patients, and is more effective than other treatments like surgery for intermittent exotropia.
- Vision therapy has also been shown to be as effective as tutoring in improving reading performance while also eliminating asthenopia, and to be effective in treating accommodative anomalies by normalizing accommodative function and reducing symptoms.
This document provides instructions for administering placebo vision therapy using simulated vision therapy techniques. The placebo therapy is designed to look like real vision therapy through the use of common vision therapy equipment and procedures, but is not expected to improve binocular vision or accommodative function. The therapy involves 12 weekly in-office placebo therapy sessions and home therapy. In-office techniques include using the Home Therapy System for placebo accommodative and vergence exercises, monocular Brock string exercises, visual closure tasks, and use of red/blue lenses. Home therapy involves monocular Brock string and placebo vergence/accommodation exercises. The goal is for subjects to believe they are receiving real vision therapy while therapists administer standardized placebo procedures.
La insuficiencia de convergencia y el déficit de atención están relacionados. El documento presenta el caso de una niña con ambas condiciones. Su examen optométrico mostró valores anormales como punto próximo de convergencia alto y vergencia fusional positiva baja. Fue diagnosticada con insuficiencia de convergencia inicial. Tras terapia visual, sus síntomas y valores optométricos mejoraron, mostrando la relación entre la anomalía binocular y el déficit de atención.
This randomized clinical trial compared the effectiveness of vision therapy/orthoptics, pencil pushups, and placebo vision therapy/orthoptics for treating convergence insufficiency in adults aged 19-30. 46 patients were randomly assigned to receive one of the three treatments for 12 weeks. Vision therapy/orthoptics was the only treatment that significantly improved near point of convergence and positive fusional vergence. However, over half of patients receiving vision therapy were still symptomatic at the end of treatment, though symptoms were reduced. All three groups experienced statistically significant reductions in symptoms, with 42% of vision therapy patients, 31% of placebo patients, and 20% of pencil pushup patients achieving elimination of symptoms.
Este documento describe brevemente varias pruebas para evaluar la visión binocular, incluyendo el cover test, la retinoscopía y el autorefractor. También menciona algunos síntomas como visión doble, visión borrosa y bajo rendimiento en la lectura, así como condiciones médicas como la diabetes y los problemas de la tiroides que pueden afectar la visión binocular. Además, explica los pasos para realizar un cover test de forma alternante controlando la acomodación.
Este documento proporciona una introducción a la terapia visual, describiendo diferentes técnicas como lentes, prismas, oclusión y penalización. Explica que la terapia visual activa incluye ejercicios visuales para mejorar habilidades como la agudeza visual, motilidad ocular, acomodación y visión binocular. Finalmente, discute cómo estas técnicas, especialmente la terapia visual activa, pueden ser efectivas para tratar diversas alteraciones visuales y mejorar las habilidades del sistema visual.
Vision therapy involves a series of vision exercises and activities prescribed by an optometrist to develop, rehabilitate, and enhance visual skills. The therapy program is customized based on a patient's eye exam and may incorporate lenses, prisms, filters and computer programs. Patients practice techniques at home to reinforce skills learned in office over a period ranging from months to years depending on the severity of their vision issues. Research shows vision therapy can effectively treat various eye movement, focusing, and processing disorders.
Este estudio tuvo 3 objetivos: 1) Cuantificar la magnitud del síndrome en V en pacientes con hiperfunción de los músculos oblicuos inferiores con y sin desviación vertical disociada (DVD). 2) Establecer que la DVD reduce la magnitud del síndrome en V. 3) Analizar 25 pacientes, encontrando una magnitud promedio menor del síndrome en V en pacientes con DVD.
This document describes Wing-Commander Livingston's design of the Binocular Gauge, an apparatus used to measure binocular vision. It can measure convergence power both objectively and subjectively, identify a subject's master eye, test accommodation, and perform cover tests. The gauge provides a quick way to evaluate binocular function which is important for tasks like flying that place high demands on vision. Livingston finds it useful in examining both military and civilian workers whose jobs involve sustained near vision. He believes it fills a gap between other existing tests of binocular vision.
El documento describe la terapia visual, que consiste en un conjunto de exámenes y ejercicios visuales específicos para cada persona destinados a diagnosticar y solucionar problemas de la visión como la miopía, ambliopía, estrabismo y falta de rendimiento escolar mediante el mejoramiento de las capacidades visuales. La terapia visual se enfoca en mejorar tanto la visión lejana como la próxima a través de ejercicios que permiten frenar, estabilizar o recuperar problemas visuales y aumentar el rendimiento en el deporte y el apre
This document summarizes research on the effectiveness of vision therapy in improving visual function. It discusses what vision therapy is and how it can be used to treat various visual disorders like binocular vision problems, eye movement issues, focusing difficulties, strabismus, amblyopia, and nystagmus. The document reviews numerous studies demonstrating that vision therapy can successfully modify and improve visual skills like eye coordination, eye movements, and focusing abilities. It concludes that vision therapy is an effective clinical approach supported by a significant amount of research.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the rate of change in symptoms and clinical signs of convergence insufficiency in children undergoing different vision therapy treatments over 12 weeks. 221 children were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: home-based pencil push-ups, home-based computer vision therapy plus pencil push-ups, office-based vision therapy with home reinforcement, or office-based placebo therapy with home reinforcement. Symptoms and clinical measures were assessed after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment. The office-based vision therapy group showed the most rapid improvement in symptoms between visits. All groups improved in symptoms between weeks 8 and 12. Office-based vision therapy resulted in the greatest improvements in clinical measures and the highest
This document provides guidelines and procedures for administering placebo vision therapy in an office setting. The therapy is designed to simulate real vision therapy through the use of modified traditional therapy techniques and placebo procedures, while not actually improving binocular vision or accommodative function. Subjects receive 12 weekly 60-minute office visits involving placebo procedures and supplemental home therapy. Office procedures include activities using instruments like the Computer Orthopter under monocular conditions, as well as visual tasks using lenses with no optical power. The goal is for subjects and therapists to behave as if real vision therapy is being administered, while placebo therapy has no actual treatment effect. Detailed placebo techniques and procedures are provided.
1) The document provides information on a VRICS (Visual Recognition and Identification of Clinical Signs) exam about managing adult binocular vision disorders. It includes images of various binocular vision tests and patients' clinical details.
2) The exam tests practitioners' knowledge of identifying, investigating, and managing adult heterotropia conditions such as symptomatic heterophoria. It aims to assess binocular status and ability to manage patients with treatment options.
3) The document provides references to help answer questions about the cases and details how to submit answers online for CET points by the deadline.
8. a randomized clinical trial of vision therapy orthoptics versus pencil pus...Yesenia Castillo Salinas
This randomized clinical trial compared the effectiveness of vision therapy/orthoptics, pencil pushups, and placebo vision therapy/orthoptics for treating convergence insufficiency in adults aged 19-30. 46 patients were randomly assigned to receive one of the three treatments for 12 weeks. Vision therapy/orthoptics was the only treatment that significantly improved near point of convergence and positive fusional vergence. However, over half of patients receiving vision therapy were still symptomatic at the end of treatment, though symptoms were reduced. All treatments significantly improved symptoms, with 42% of vision therapy patients, 31% of placebo patients, and 20% of pencil pushup patients achieving elimination of symptoms.
Optometric vision therapy is an individualized treatment program designed to improve overall visual function and performance through vision-based neurological and neuromuscular conditioning over time. It can significantly improve many functional vision problems like eye movement disorders, focusing problems, and visual information processing disorders. Optometric vision therapy involves a combination of office treatment and home therapy using lenses, prisms, and other devices to help patients learn to use their vision more efficiently. It has been shown to result in quantitative improvements in visual skills and quality of life.
This case report describes a 26-year-old woman who experienced a spasm of the near reflex (accommodation, convergence, and miosis) when either eye was occluded or subjected to dioptric or non-dioptric blur. Her visual acuity decreased dramatically and an esodeviation was observed when either eye was occluded. Various occluders and lenses were able to trigger the spasm when a specific threshold of visual disruption was reached for each stimulus. Cycloplegia did not eliminate the spasm. This appears to be a rare case of a functional spasm of the near reflex triggered by binocular vision disruption, suggesting a potential anomaly in the neurological pathways involved in the
El documento describe la evolución gradual del ojo a través de varias etapas, comenzando con células sensibles a la luz en organismos unicelulares y evolucionando a capas de células, estructuras invaginadas más profundas, ojos cerrados sin lente y finalmente ojos complejos con lente. Refuta los argumentos creacionistas de que el ojo no podría haber evolucionado gradualmente o que las formas intermedias no tendrían utilidad, y explica cómo la selección natural favoreció cada paso del proceso.
Los reflejos son reacciones automáticas e involuntarias a estímulos externos. Los recién nacidos vienen dotados de reflejos incondicionados que cumplen funciones vitales y de protección. Estos reflejos primarios desaparecen a lo largo de los primeros meses y son reemplazados por reflejos secundarios asociados al desarrollo motor. Algunos reflejos importantes en los recién nacidos son la succión, deglución, prensión palmar y plantar, y Moro.
This study investigated the effect of amblyopia on self-esteem in children by comparing self-perception scores of 47 children treated for amblyopia to 52 age-matched control children. Children with amblyopia had significantly lower scores on social acceptance compared to controls, but similar scores on other self-esteem measures. Within the amblyopia group, lower social acceptance scores correlated with a history of patching treatment, but not with a history of strabismus or wearing glasses. The study suggests amblyopia treatment, particularly patching, may negatively impact children's perceived social acceptance compared to untreated children.
This document provides guidelines and procedures for in-office vision therapy for the treatment of amblyopia. It outlines three phases of therapy focusing on accommodation, suppression, and vergence skills. Each phase builds upon the previous with increasing difficulty of activities. Specific procedures are described for each treatment category within each phase. Therapists are instructed to choose activities to target all three areas at each visit while progressing patients through the phases based on achieving outlined endpoints. Detailed instructions are given for administering procedures and advancing therapy.
Este documento describe el caso de un paciente de 15 años con glaucoma congénito, megalocornea y exotropía constante alternante de 25 dioptrías. Se sometió a una terapia ortóptica con ejercicios de fusión y convergencia que logró corregir la desviación a una exoforia de 12 dioptrías. La terapia ortóptica fue altamente efectiva para mejorar la visión binocular y alinear los ojos del paciente.
Este documento presenta los resultados de un estudio sobre la eficacia de la estimulación neurosensorial mediante el Trans-lid Binocular Interactor (TBI) en el tratamiento de la ambliopía. La ambliopía es un trastorno de origen cortical que afecta la función visual y tiene una prevalencia del 1-4% de la población. El estudio evaluó la agudeza visual, sensibilidad al contraste y visión periférica antes y después de 3 y 6 meses de terapia con TBI en 8 sujetos con ambliopía refractiva en comparación con un
Este documento presenta un estudio sobre la eficacia de un programa de intervención con terapia visual en niños de segundo grado de primaria. El estudio evaluó las habilidades visuales, oculomotoras y de lectura de un grupo clínico que recibió terapia visual durante tres meses y un grupo control. Los resultados no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos, lo que sugiere que el régimen de terapia visual empleado, realizado exclusivamente en casa, no fue el método más eficaz para tratar las disfunciones visuales
Este documento proporciona una introducción a la terapia visual, describiendo diferentes técnicas como lentes, prismas, oclusión y penalización. Explica que la terapia visual activa incluye ejercicios visuales para mejorar habilidades como la agudeza visual, motilidad ocular, acomodación y visión binocular. Finalmente, discute cómo estas técnicas, especialmente la terapia visual activa, pueden ser efectivas para tratar diversas alteraciones visuales y mejorar las habilidades del sistema visual.
Vision therapy involves a series of vision exercises and activities prescribed by an optometrist to develop, rehabilitate, and enhance visual skills. The therapy program is customized based on a patient's eye exam and may incorporate lenses, prisms, filters and computer programs. Patients practice techniques at home to reinforce skills learned in office over a period ranging from months to years depending on the severity of their vision issues. Research shows vision therapy can effectively treat various eye movement, focusing, and processing disorders.
Este estudio tuvo 3 objetivos: 1) Cuantificar la magnitud del síndrome en V en pacientes con hiperfunción de los músculos oblicuos inferiores con y sin desviación vertical disociada (DVD). 2) Establecer que la DVD reduce la magnitud del síndrome en V. 3) Analizar 25 pacientes, encontrando una magnitud promedio menor del síndrome en V en pacientes con DVD.
This document describes Wing-Commander Livingston's design of the Binocular Gauge, an apparatus used to measure binocular vision. It can measure convergence power both objectively and subjectively, identify a subject's master eye, test accommodation, and perform cover tests. The gauge provides a quick way to evaluate binocular function which is important for tasks like flying that place high demands on vision. Livingston finds it useful in examining both military and civilian workers whose jobs involve sustained near vision. He believes it fills a gap between other existing tests of binocular vision.
El documento describe la terapia visual, que consiste en un conjunto de exámenes y ejercicios visuales específicos para cada persona destinados a diagnosticar y solucionar problemas de la visión como la miopía, ambliopía, estrabismo y falta de rendimiento escolar mediante el mejoramiento de las capacidades visuales. La terapia visual se enfoca en mejorar tanto la visión lejana como la próxima a través de ejercicios que permiten frenar, estabilizar o recuperar problemas visuales y aumentar el rendimiento en el deporte y el apre
This document summarizes research on the effectiveness of vision therapy in improving visual function. It discusses what vision therapy is and how it can be used to treat various visual disorders like binocular vision problems, eye movement issues, focusing difficulties, strabismus, amblyopia, and nystagmus. The document reviews numerous studies demonstrating that vision therapy can successfully modify and improve visual skills like eye coordination, eye movements, and focusing abilities. It concludes that vision therapy is an effective clinical approach supported by a significant amount of research.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the rate of change in symptoms and clinical signs of convergence insufficiency in children undergoing different vision therapy treatments over 12 weeks. 221 children were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: home-based pencil push-ups, home-based computer vision therapy plus pencil push-ups, office-based vision therapy with home reinforcement, or office-based placebo therapy with home reinforcement. Symptoms and clinical measures were assessed after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment. The office-based vision therapy group showed the most rapid improvement in symptoms between visits. All groups improved in symptoms between weeks 8 and 12. Office-based vision therapy resulted in the greatest improvements in clinical measures and the highest
This document provides guidelines and procedures for administering placebo vision therapy in an office setting. The therapy is designed to simulate real vision therapy through the use of modified traditional therapy techniques and placebo procedures, while not actually improving binocular vision or accommodative function. Subjects receive 12 weekly 60-minute office visits involving placebo procedures and supplemental home therapy. Office procedures include activities using instruments like the Computer Orthopter under monocular conditions, as well as visual tasks using lenses with no optical power. The goal is for subjects and therapists to behave as if real vision therapy is being administered, while placebo therapy has no actual treatment effect. Detailed placebo techniques and procedures are provided.
1) The document provides information on a VRICS (Visual Recognition and Identification of Clinical Signs) exam about managing adult binocular vision disorders. It includes images of various binocular vision tests and patients' clinical details.
2) The exam tests practitioners' knowledge of identifying, investigating, and managing adult heterotropia conditions such as symptomatic heterophoria. It aims to assess binocular status and ability to manage patients with treatment options.
3) The document provides references to help answer questions about the cases and details how to submit answers online for CET points by the deadline.
8. a randomized clinical trial of vision therapy orthoptics versus pencil pus...Yesenia Castillo Salinas
This randomized clinical trial compared the effectiveness of vision therapy/orthoptics, pencil pushups, and placebo vision therapy/orthoptics for treating convergence insufficiency in adults aged 19-30. 46 patients were randomly assigned to receive one of the three treatments for 12 weeks. Vision therapy/orthoptics was the only treatment that significantly improved near point of convergence and positive fusional vergence. However, over half of patients receiving vision therapy were still symptomatic at the end of treatment, though symptoms were reduced. All treatments significantly improved symptoms, with 42% of vision therapy patients, 31% of placebo patients, and 20% of pencil pushup patients achieving elimination of symptoms.
Optometric vision therapy is an individualized treatment program designed to improve overall visual function and performance through vision-based neurological and neuromuscular conditioning over time. It can significantly improve many functional vision problems like eye movement disorders, focusing problems, and visual information processing disorders. Optometric vision therapy involves a combination of office treatment and home therapy using lenses, prisms, and other devices to help patients learn to use their vision more efficiently. It has been shown to result in quantitative improvements in visual skills and quality of life.
This case report describes a 26-year-old woman who experienced a spasm of the near reflex (accommodation, convergence, and miosis) when either eye was occluded or subjected to dioptric or non-dioptric blur. Her visual acuity decreased dramatically and an esodeviation was observed when either eye was occluded. Various occluders and lenses were able to trigger the spasm when a specific threshold of visual disruption was reached for each stimulus. Cycloplegia did not eliminate the spasm. This appears to be a rare case of a functional spasm of the near reflex triggered by binocular vision disruption, suggesting a potential anomaly in the neurological pathways involved in the
El documento describe la evolución gradual del ojo a través de varias etapas, comenzando con células sensibles a la luz en organismos unicelulares y evolucionando a capas de células, estructuras invaginadas más profundas, ojos cerrados sin lente y finalmente ojos complejos con lente. Refuta los argumentos creacionistas de que el ojo no podría haber evolucionado gradualmente o que las formas intermedias no tendrían utilidad, y explica cómo la selección natural favoreció cada paso del proceso.
Los reflejos son reacciones automáticas e involuntarias a estímulos externos. Los recién nacidos vienen dotados de reflejos incondicionados que cumplen funciones vitales y de protección. Estos reflejos primarios desaparecen a lo largo de los primeros meses y son reemplazados por reflejos secundarios asociados al desarrollo motor. Algunos reflejos importantes en los recién nacidos son la succión, deglución, prensión palmar y plantar, y Moro.
This study investigated the effect of amblyopia on self-esteem in children by comparing self-perception scores of 47 children treated for amblyopia to 52 age-matched control children. Children with amblyopia had significantly lower scores on social acceptance compared to controls, but similar scores on other self-esteem measures. Within the amblyopia group, lower social acceptance scores correlated with a history of patching treatment, but not with a history of strabismus or wearing glasses. The study suggests amblyopia treatment, particularly patching, may negatively impact children's perceived social acceptance compared to untreated children.
This document provides guidelines and procedures for in-office vision therapy for the treatment of amblyopia. It outlines three phases of therapy focusing on accommodation, suppression, and vergence skills. Each phase builds upon the previous with increasing difficulty of activities. Specific procedures are described for each treatment category within each phase. Therapists are instructed to choose activities to target all three areas at each visit while progressing patients through the phases based on achieving outlined endpoints. Detailed instructions are given for administering procedures and advancing therapy.
Este documento describe el caso de un paciente de 15 años con glaucoma congénito, megalocornea y exotropía constante alternante de 25 dioptrías. Se sometió a una terapia ortóptica con ejercicios de fusión y convergencia que logró corregir la desviación a una exoforia de 12 dioptrías. La terapia ortóptica fue altamente efectiva para mejorar la visión binocular y alinear los ojos del paciente.
Este documento presenta los resultados de un estudio sobre la eficacia de la estimulación neurosensorial mediante el Trans-lid Binocular Interactor (TBI) en el tratamiento de la ambliopía. La ambliopía es un trastorno de origen cortical que afecta la función visual y tiene una prevalencia del 1-4% de la población. El estudio evaluó la agudeza visual, sensibilidad al contraste y visión periférica antes y después de 3 y 6 meses de terapia con TBI en 8 sujetos con ambliopía refractiva en comparación con un
Este documento presenta un estudio sobre la eficacia de un programa de intervención con terapia visual en niños de segundo grado de primaria. El estudio evaluó las habilidades visuales, oculomotoras y de lectura de un grupo clínico que recibió terapia visual durante tres meses y un grupo control. Los resultados no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos, lo que sugiere que el régimen de terapia visual empleado, realizado exclusivamente en casa, no fue el método más eficaz para tratar las disfunciones visuales
Problemas de visión como la insuficiencia de acomodación y alteraciones de convergencia están
relacionados con déficits de atención en niños. Tratamientos de terapia visual como ejercicios de
convergencia y acomodación mejoran los síntomas visuales y de atención. Estudios también muestran
que la terapia visual y conductual mejora la actitud, concentración y rendimiento académico en niños
con síndrome de Asperger. Es importante vigilar la salud visual y auditiva de los niños, especial
La Optometría estudia, trata y previene problemas relacionados con la visión. La Terapia Visual es una técnica utilizada por optometristas para entrenar y mejorar habilidades visuales como la agudeza, motilidad ocular, binocularidad, acomodación y coordinación ojo-mano. Con un buen diagnóstico y tratamiento, la Terapia Visual ayuda a procesar la información visual de forma más exacta, rápida y eficaz, mejorando resultados académicos y recuperando problemas como estrabismo o ambliopía
Este documento describe varias terapias para pacientes afásicos, incluyendo terapia de acción visual, terapia de entonación melódica, técnica PACE y terapias para pacientes fluentes poco informativos. La terapia de acción visual utiliza objetos, láminas y gestos para mejorar la comunicación no verbal a través de tres niveles. La terapia de entonación melódica involucra el canto y repetición de palabras para mejorar la fluidez a través de tres niveles. La técnica PACE promueve la
La terapia visual incluye ejercicios motores y sensoriales que buscan mejorar el estado binocular de la visión. Se aplica a pacientes con descompensaciones binoculares leves o estrabismos intermitentes para ayudar a mantener sus ojos rectos. También se usa para mejorar la amplitud de convergencia y divergencia o reforzar inestabilidades motoras. Los ejercicios pueden mejorar la acomodación y convergencia o reducir síntomas como fatiga visual en algunos pacientes con miopía acomodativa. Sin embargo
Este documento describe el desarrollo de la visión binocular y la maduración del sistema visual desde el nacimiento hasta la edad escolar. Explica que la visión depende inicialmente del área extrafoveal y que la fóvea se desarrolla en los primeros años de vida. También habla sobre el periodo crítico de plasticidad visual entre los 4 meses y 7-10 años, y cómo las privaciones durante este periodo pueden causar lesiones irreparables. Finalmente, detalla el desarrollo de funciones visuales como la agudeza visual, sensibilidad
Este documento describe la terapia visual para tratar diferentes disfunciones del sistema visual. Explica que muchos pacientes no pueden solucionar sus problemas visuales sin terapia. Detalla varios tipos de disfunciones que pueden beneficiarse de la terapia visual, como anomalías de acomodación, disfunciones binoculares, y trastornos de la motilidad ocular. Finalmente, enfatiza la importancia de realizar un examen clínico completo para diagnosticar correctamente el problema del paciente antes de comenzar la terapia visual.
Este documento resume tres aspectos de la visión binocular: 1) los aspectos sensoriales y motores necesarios para la visión binocular, como la convergencia y acomodación; 2) los fenómenos de readaptación sensorial como la fusión y la diplopia; y 3) las pruebas para determinar los grados de fusión, incluyendo el primer, segundo y tercer grado.
Este documento presenta conceptos clave sobre la visión binocular. Explica que la visión binocular nos permite percibir el espacio de forma tridimensional a través de la fusión de las imágenes de ambos ojos. Sin embargo, el espacio perceptual no es exactamente igual al espacio físico. También describe los componentes anatómicos y fisiológicos necesarios para la visión binocular como la correspondencia retiniana y la transmisión de información al cerebro. Finalmente, clasifica los diferentes grados de visión binocular en función de la fusión de
RevitalVision is a non-invasive vision improvement technology that enhances eyesight through neurological stimulation. It involves completing 20 computer sessions over several weeks, with each session lasting around 20 minutes. Patients see on average a 2-line improvement in visual acuity and 100% increase in contrast sensitivity. Practices can incorporate RevitalVision to provide an innovative treatment option for patients seeking better vision without surgery.
Este documento describe la estructura óptica y la formación de imágenes en el ojo humano. Explica la anatomía del ojo, incluyendo la córnea, cámara anterior, iris, cristalino y retina. Describe el ojo como un sistema óptico positivo que forma una imagen invertida de los objetos en la retina. También presenta el ojo esquemático y explica conceptos como los puntos cardinales, las pupilas de entrada y salida, y cómo se forma la imagen retinal considerando los rayos como paraxiales. Finalmente, señala que
Este documento describe un software para diagnóstico y terapia visual que incluye ejercicios para agudeza visual, visión binocular, reconocimiento de caracteres, coordinación ojo-mano, memoria visual, visión periférica y cálculo de tamaños y formas. El software se puede usar con pantallas táctiles u otros dispositivos y ofrece opciones para personalizar los ejercicios.
This document discusses the approach to prescribing spectacles for children from the perspective of a pediatric ophthalmologist. It notes that children have unique visual needs compared to adults due to their developing visual systems and inability to reliably perform visual acuity tests. Guidelines for prescribing spectacles are based on clinical experience rather than evidence from trials. Factors discussed include the minimal need to correct low levels of symmetric myopia or moderate hyperopia due to children's high accommodative abilities and close working distances. The main concern is correcting refractive errors that could cause amblyopia.
El documento describe el desarrollo de la visión binocular desde el nacimiento. Explica que la visión empieza a desarrollarse después del nacimiento, pero algunas funciones binoculares ya están avanzadas a los pocos meses. Detalla el desarrollo de los medios ópticos, la retina, la vía óptica y el córtex visual, así como el desarrollo oculomotor y de la función visual, incluyendo la acomodación y la vergencia.
Estrabismo es un trastorno visual pediátrico frecuente que causa tres problemas: 1) una desviación de uno de los ejes oculares donde un ojo fija mientras el otro está desviado, 2) la anulación de la visión binocular ya que no hay fusión ni visión en relieve, y 3) el peligro de eventual pérdida de la visión de uno de los ojos debido a ambliopía.
El documento habla sobre el entrenamiento visual y su importancia para mejorar la calidad de vida y el rendimiento deportivo. Explica las habilidades visuales, los síntomas de tensión visual, los objetivos del entrenamiento visual como mejorar y conservar la visión, y la higiene visual. También cubre los principios, fases y aplicaciones del entrenamiento visual para deportistas así como el uso de gafas para mejorar el rendimiento.
Este documento describe los conceptos fundamentales de la visión binocular, incluyendo la fusión de imágenes retinianas, el horóptero empírico, el área de Panum y la diplopía fisiológica. También explica posibles alteraciones de la visión binocular como el síndrome de monofijación, la correspondencia retiniana anómala y las adaptaciones sensoriales que ocurren cuando se rompe la binocularidad durante el desarrollo visual. Finalmente, analiza las pruebas diagnósticas necesarias para comprender la etiolog
Este documento presenta varios programas de software desarrollados por COI-SOFTWARE para diagnosticar y tratar problemas visuales no patológicos a través de terapia visual y pruebas. Los programas incluyen COItest para pruebas visuales básicas, COIVision y COI-SV para terapia visual con diferentes niveles de dificultad, y COIperi para medir el campo visual de color funcional. El objetivo es proporcionar herramientas a profesionales de la optometría conductual, terapia visual y visión deportiva
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
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share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Our backs are like superheroes, holding us up and helping us move around. But sometimes, even superheroes can get hurt. That’s where slip discs come in.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.