Venous system

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VENOUS SYSTEM

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VENOUS SYSTEM
• Superficial veins
• Deep veins
• Venous plexuses

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VENOUS DRAINAGE FROM
CRANIUM
• Ascending cerebral veins
• Descending cerebral veins
• Basal cerebral veins (rhinalis posterior )
• Deep cerebral veins (great cerebral vein)
• Dorsal cerebellar veins
• Ventral cerebellar veins (basilar plexus)

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SINUSES OF THE DURAMATER
• Dorsal longitudinal (sagittal) sinus
• Ventral longitudinal sinus
• Straight sinus
• Transverse sinuses
• Dorsal petrosal sinuses
• Ventral petrosal sinuses
• Cavernous sinuses
• Occipital sinuses

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JUGULAR VEINS
• Internal jugular vein
• External jugular vein

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ANTERIOR VENA CAVA
• Formed by the union
of external jugular
vein and brachial vein
on either side
• Receives venous
blood from head,
neck, fore limbs and
a large part of
thoracic wall

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VENA HEMIAZYGOS
• Unpaired vein
situated on left side of
roof of thoracic cavity
• Arises from first
lumbar vein
• Joins cardiac vein
• Receives veins from
vertebrae, diaphragm
and intercostal veins
excepting first three
on the left and first
six on the right

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CEPHALIC VEIN
• Upward continuation of medial metacarpal
vein
• Passes subcutaneously upward and forwards in
an oblique manner on the medial face of
forearm & arm
• Then runs in the groove between
brachiocephalicus and anterior superficial
pectoral
• Terminates by joining the external jugular vein

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SUBCUTANEOUS THORACIC VEIN
• External Thoracic Vein
• Spur vein in horse
• Arises from the region of flank and
abdominal wall
• Passes forwards under cutaneous
muscle
• Joins brachial or subscapular veins

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POSTERIOR VENA CAVA
• Largest venous trunk in the body
• Formed by the union of two common iliac veins
• Passes forwards below the bodies of lumbar
vertebrae slightly to the right of median plane
• Runs forwards partly embedded along the left
border of liver
• Passes through foramen vena cava and enters
thoracic cavity
• Opens into sinus venarum of right auricle
• Tributaries are 1. common iliac veins 2. middle
sacral vein 3. internal spermatic veins 4. renal
5. hepatic and 6. phrenic veins

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PORTAL VEIN
• Functional blood supply to
liver
• Drains blood containing
digested nutrients from
stomach and intestine to
liver
• Formed by the union of
gastric and mesenteric
trunks
• Gastric trunk is formed by
the union of right ruminal,
splenic, left ruminal,
reticular, omaso-abomasal,
gastro-duodenal and
pancreatic veins
• Mesenteric trunk is formed
by the union of anterior and
posterior mesenteric veins

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VEINS OF THE UDDER
• Form a venous circle at the base of udder
• External pudic vein
• Anterior mammary or milk vein (subcutaneous
abdominal vein)
• Middle mammary vein (external pudic vein)
• Posterior mammary vein (perineal vein)

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Schematic diagram showing the venous drainage
of udder in cow