Vector images are composed of objects like points, lines, and curves defined by vectors that allow the images to be scaled to any size while maintaining quality, though they are less suitable for photos. Bitmap images are made up of pixels in a grid that have a fixed resolution, so enlarging them causes pixelation and resizing reduces quality, but they are commonly used for photos and have smaller file sizes through compression.

1. Vector and Bitmap images
By Iana

2. Vector images
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Vector graphics are made up of a series of objects, these can
be points, lines, curves or shapes. They are based on vectors
or they can be sometimes called paths or strokes which travel
through locations called control points.
When a vector image is resized the image will still look sharp
but it can almost look cartoon like.
The smaller and close the pixels are the quality of the image
will be higher and more sharp.
They can be scaled to any size and will not lose the quality. But
it is not the best format for photographs.
Vector
Bitmap

3. Bitmap images
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Bitmap images are pixel based this means that an image
is made up of a series of dots (pixels) in a grid.
When a bitmap image is enlarged it pixelated this is
because each image contains information about the
colour to be displayed.
They have a fixed resolution and are unable to be resized
without losing quality.
Common bitmap formats are .jpg .gif .bmp .png
The file sizes of bitmap images tends to be a lot larger
than vector graphics and are often reduces to compress
the size of them.