The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder, and one urethra. The kidneys filter the blood and produce urine by regulating ions, volume, pH, and producing hormones. Urine passes from the kidneys to the bladder via the ureters. The bladder stores urine which is then expelled through the urethra. The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, which filters blood and reabsorbs needed substances while secreting waste for urine production.

1. NOR FADILA KASIM
FSSKJ UPSI

2. OVERVIEW OF URINARY SYSTEM
Consist of 2 kidneys, 2
ureter, 1 urinary bladder
and 1 urethra.
After kidney filter the
blood, they return most of
the water and other
soluter to the blood
stream.
The remaining water
(urine), passes through
the ureters and is stored in
the urinary bladder.

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Overview of the Urinary System

4. FUNCTION OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
KIDNEY – regulate blood
volume and composition,
regulate pH, produce 2
hormones and excrete waste
URETERS- transport urine
from kidney to urinary bladder
URINARY BLADDER- store
urine and expels through
urethra
URETHRA- discharge urine
from the body

5. FUNCTIONS OF KIDNEY
 Regulation of ions in blood
 Sodium-Na+
, potassium-K+
, calcium-Ca2+,
Cl-
,
phosphate HPO42-
 Regulation of blood volume
 adjust the volume of blood or eliminating it
in the urine
 Regulation of blood pH
 Regulate by excrete a variable amount of H+
in the urine, conserve bicarbonate HCO3-
 Production of hormones
 Calcitrole- calcium homeostasis
 Erythropoietin- production of RBC
 Excretion of waste
 Ammonia and urea- amino acid
 Creatinine- creatinine phosphate
 Drugs ect

6. STRUCTURE OF KIDNEY
Each kidney is enclosed
in a renal capsule,
which is surrounded by
adipose tissue.
Internally, the kidneys
consist of a renal
cortex, renal medulla,
renal pyramids, renal
columns, major and
minor calyces, and a
renal pelvis.
Blood enters the kidney
through the renal
artery and leaves
through the renal vein.

7. NEPHRON

8. NEPHRONS
The functional unit of the kidney is
called the nephron
About a million in each kidney
Consist of 2 part: renal corpuscle, and
renal tubule
Renal corpuscle =
glomerular (bowman’s capsule)
glomerulus
Renal tube
Proximal convoluted tubules
Nephron loop (descending &
ascending)
Distal convoluted tubules

9. FUNCTION OF NEPHRON
Nephrons perform three basic tasks: glomerular filtration, tubular
reabsorption, and tubular secretion.
Together, the podocytes and glomerular endothelium form a leaky
filtration membrane that permits the passage of water and solutes
from the blood into the capsular space.
Blood cells and most plasma proteins remain in the blood because
they are too large to pass through the filtration membrane.
The pressure that causes filtration is the blood pressure in the
glomerular capillaries.

10. FUNCTIONS OF NEURON
Epithelial cells all along the renal tubules and collecting ducts
carry out tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion. Tubular
reabsorption retains substances needed by the body, including
water, glucose, amino acids, and ions such as sodium
(Na+
), potassium (K+
), chloride (Cl-
), bicarbonate (HCO3
-
),
calcium (Ca2+
), and magnesium (Mg2+
).
Tubular secretion discharges chemicals not needed by the body
into the urine. Included are excess ions, nitrogenous wastes,
hormones, and certain drugs. The kidneys help maintain
blood pH by secreting H+
. Tubular secretion also helps maintain
proper levels of K+
in the blood

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Functions
of the
Nephron

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Functions of the Nephron

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Glomerular Filtration

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Functions of the Nephron

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Functions of the Nephron

18. Filtration, Reabsorption, and Secretion in the
Nephrons and Collecting Ducts

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Substances Filtered, Reabsorbed, and
Excreted in Urine per Day

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Physical Characteristics of Normal
Urine

21. URETERS
The ureters transport urine
from the renal pelves of the
right and left kidneys to the
urinary bladder
10 to 12 in long
diameter from 1-10 mm

22. URINARY BLADDER
 The urinary bladder is posterior to the
pubic symphysis
 the shape of urinary bladder depends on
how much urine is contain. when
empty, it look like a deflated balloon
 Capacity ~700-800 ml
 Smaller in female because, uterus
occupies the space superior to the
urinary bladder
 Toward the base of urinary bladder, the
ureter drains into the urinary bladder
via the ureteral opening.

23. URETHRA
The terminal portion of the
urinary bladder to the
exterior of the body.
In both male and female,
the urethra is the
passageway for discharging
urine from the body.
The male urethra also
serves as the duct through
which semen is ejaculated.

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25. Aging and the Urinary System
With aging, the kidneys shrink in size, have lowered
blood flow, and filter less blood.
Common problems related to aging include urinary
tract infections, increased frequency of urination,
urinary retention or incontinence, and renal calculi
(kidney stones).
© 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.