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Cold war beginning sondoss and fatima 9 a
The Cold War began in roughly 1946 and lasted until 1991. It represented the ongoing political conflict between the United States and its capitalist allies on one side and the Soviet Union and its communist allies on the other. Key events that exacerbated tensions included the establishment of communist governments in Eastern Europe that the Soviet Union dominated, leading the US to implement the Truman Doctrine to provide aid to Greece and Turkey. Stalin's blockade of Berlin in 1948 led to the Berlin Airlift to supply West Berlin by air until the blockade was lifted.
Cold War Origins
The origins of the Cold War can be traced back to the end of World War 2. While the US emerged stronger economically and with an atomic bomb monopoly, the USSR dominated Eastern Europe and sought to spread communism. At conferences like Yalta, the US and USSR had conflicting goals for the postwar world - the US wanted democracy while the USSR prioritized security and communism. This led to divisions in Europe that became permanent, with the USSR occupying Eastern European nations and imposing communist systems. The Iron Curtain speech by Churchill in 1946 recognized this emerging division, and the US responded with policies like the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan to contain communism in Europe.
The Cold War Begins
The Cold War began in earnest following World War 2 as tensions rose between the Western allies and the Soviet Union. Key events that heightened tensions included Churchill's Iron Curtain speech in 1946, the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan in 1947, the 1948 Czech coup and Berlin Blockade, which led to the establishment of NATO in 1949 and the division of Germany into East and West.
Cold War
The Cold War was a state of political and military tension after World War II between powers in the Western Bloc led by the United States and powers in the Eastern Bloc led by the Soviet Union. This conflict arose due to conflicting ideologies of capitalism and communism and threatened global stability for over 50 years. The Vietnam War was a particularly divisive conflict that highlighted cultural misunderstandings, as Americans sought to build order while many Vietnamese saw them as producing garbage.
5.1 start of the_cold_war
The document discusses several key events at the end of World War II and establishment of the United Nations:
1) In early 1945, Soviet troops pushed into Germany from the east while the U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, leading Japan to surrender and ending the war.
2) World leaders met at Yalta in 1945 to discuss postwar plans, agreeing Poland would have free elections though the Soviets did not follow through.
3) The U.N. was established in 1945 to promote international cooperation and prevent future wars, with goals of maintaining peace and protecting human rights.
The cold war
The Cold War lasted from 1945 to 1991 between the US and Soviet Union. Though they never directly fought each other, they competed for influence and power through espionage, propaganda, arms build up, and proxy wars. The US policy of containment aimed to stop the spread of communism through economic and military aid programs like the Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, and proxy wars in Korea and Vietnam.
The Cold War
The Cold War began between the Soviet Union and United States even during WWII due to differing political ideologies of communism and democracy. After WWII, instead of peace, the Cold War emerged as America felt threatened by the spread of communism in Asia, especially in China, and wanted to promote democracy while opposing communism and its authoritarian governing style. This Cold War between the two superpowers lasted over 50 years.
Day 2 Cold War Competition
Countries competed with each other in multiple arenas during the Cold War, including militarily, through espionage and spying, in sports and technological developments. The US and Soviet Union used techniques like foreign aid, propaganda, covert operations, and proxy wars to gain influence around the world and over other nations not aligned with either side. Major events in this competition included the Berlin Airlift, the Korean War, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Space Race between the two superpowers.
Recommended
Cold war beginning sondoss and fatima 9 a
The Cold War began in roughly 1946 and lasted until 1991. It represented the ongoing political conflict between the United States and its capitalist allies on one side and the Soviet Union and its communist allies on the other. Key events that exacerbated tensions included the establishment of communist governments in Eastern Europe that the Soviet Union dominated, leading the US to implement the Truman Doctrine to provide aid to Greece and Turkey. Stalin's blockade of Berlin in 1948 led to the Berlin Airlift to supply West Berlin by air until the blockade was lifted.
Cold War Origins
The origins of the Cold War can be traced back to the end of World War 2. While the US emerged stronger economically and with an atomic bomb monopoly, the USSR dominated Eastern Europe and sought to spread communism. At conferences like Yalta, the US and USSR had conflicting goals for the postwar world - the US wanted democracy while the USSR prioritized security and communism. This led to divisions in Europe that became permanent, with the USSR occupying Eastern European nations and imposing communist systems. The Iron Curtain speech by Churchill in 1946 recognized this emerging division, and the US responded with policies like the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan to contain communism in Europe.
The Cold War Begins
The Cold War began in earnest following World War 2 as tensions rose between the Western allies and the Soviet Union. Key events that heightened tensions included Churchill's Iron Curtain speech in 1946, the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan in 1947, the 1948 Czech coup and Berlin Blockade, which led to the establishment of NATO in 1949 and the division of Germany into East and West.
Cold War
The Cold War was a state of political and military tension after World War II between powers in the Western Bloc led by the United States and powers in the Eastern Bloc led by the Soviet Union. This conflict arose due to conflicting ideologies of capitalism and communism and threatened global stability for over 50 years. The Vietnam War was a particularly divisive conflict that highlighted cultural misunderstandings, as Americans sought to build order while many Vietnamese saw them as producing garbage.
5.1 start of the_cold_war
The document discusses several key events at the end of World War II and establishment of the United Nations:
1) In early 1945, Soviet troops pushed into Germany from the east while the U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, leading Japan to surrender and ending the war.
2) World leaders met at Yalta in 1945 to discuss postwar plans, agreeing Poland would have free elections though the Soviets did not follow through.
3) The U.N. was established in 1945 to promote international cooperation and prevent future wars, with goals of maintaining peace and protecting human rights.
The cold war
The Cold War lasted from 1945 to 1991 between the US and Soviet Union. Though they never directly fought each other, they competed for influence and power through espionage, propaganda, arms build up, and proxy wars. The US policy of containment aimed to stop the spread of communism through economic and military aid programs like the Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, and proxy wars in Korea and Vietnam.
The Cold War
The Cold War began between the Soviet Union and United States even during WWII due to differing political ideologies of communism and democracy. After WWII, instead of peace, the Cold War emerged as America felt threatened by the spread of communism in Asia, especially in China, and wanted to promote democracy while opposing communism and its authoritarian governing style. This Cold War between the two superpowers lasted over 50 years.
Day 2 Cold War Competition
Countries competed with each other in multiple arenas during the Cold War, including militarily, through espionage and spying, in sports and technological developments. The US and Soviet Union used techniques like foreign aid, propaganda, covert operations, and proxy wars to gain influence around the world and over other nations not aligned with either side. Major events in this competition included the Berlin Airlift, the Korean War, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Space Race between the two superpowers.
Cold war beginnings sara j and fatima 9 c
The document summarizes key aspects of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. It explains that the Cold War was a state of political and military tension between the communist world and the capitalist Western world from 1946 to 1991. It describes how the Truman Doctrine pledged U.S. economic and military support to prevent countries from falling into the Soviet sphere. It also discusses how Eastern European nations became satellite states controlled by the Soviet Union, separated from the West by an "Iron Curtain."
Fatima al mansoori sara al jassmi 9_c
The document provides background information on the Cold War, including key events and policies in the late 1940s that led to increased tensions between the Western world and Soviet Union. It discusses the Truman Doctrine and how it marked the beginning of the Cold War by pledging US support to countries resisting communism. It also summarizes Stalin's blockade of Berlin and the Western allies' response through the Berlin Airlift to supply the city despite the blockade.
Cold war notes
The Cold War was a period of intense rivalry between the US and Soviet Union that began after World War 2 and lasted over 40 years. Neither side engaged in direct military conflict due to nuclear weapons. The US established institutions and alliances like NATO to contain the spread of communism in Europe, while the Soviets set up communist governments in Eastern Europe behind an "Iron Curtain." This resulted in an arms race as both stockpiled nuclear weapons and a series of crises over places like Berlin.
Cold war
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and Soviet Union from the mid-1940s until the early 1990s. It involved military buildups, proxy wars, propaganda campaigns, and espionage between the two superpowers, with major events including the Berlin Blockade, Korean War, Cuban Missile Crisis, and collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. The war was labeled "Cold" because it never resulted in direct military conflict between the US and USSR, but involved threats and espionage, with tensions remaining high throughout the period.
The Cold War- Elizabeth Denney
The Cold War lasted from 1945-1991 and was a state of political and military tension between the United States and the Soviet Union that stopped short of full-scale war. Key events included the Yalta and Potsdam conferences in 1945 where the postwar fate of Germany was decided, the Truman Doctrine of 1947 which aimed to contain the spread of communism with programs like the Marshall Plan, and the Berlin Wall being erected in 1961 to divide East and West Berlin. Other notable tensions included the nuclear and space arms races as both sides competed technologically, wars in Korea from 1950-1953 and Vietnam in the 1960s-70s as the US and USSR backed opposing sides, and leadership from figures such as Mao Zed
The Cold War:Ayesha and Shaikha 9C
The Cold War was a state of political and military tension between communist states led by the Soviet Union and capitalist states led by the United States from 1946 to 1991. Key events included the Truman Doctrine providing economic aid to prevent countries from falling to Soviet control, the Marshall Plan rebuilding European economies to counter Soviet influence, and the Berlin Airlift supplying West Berlin after the Soviets cut off land access.
Cold War 1st Period Guyer
The Cold War was a geopolitical conflict between the United States and Soviet Union that began after World War 2 and ended in 1991 with the collapse of the Soviet Union. Though no direct military battles occurred between the two superpowers, they engaged in espionage, propaganda, arms buildups, and proxy wars around the world. Key events included the Berlin Airlift, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the arms race that financially drained the Soviet economy. The Cold War ended as communism fell in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union collapsed under its own economic troubles.
An overview of the cold war
After WWII, tensions rose between the capitalist United States and communist Soviet Union as they emerged as the two dominant superpowers. Both sides sought to spread their influence and demonstrate military superiority, engaging in nuclear and conventional arms races. Key events in the Cold War included the division of Germany and establishment of communist states in Eastern Europe, as well as hotspots like the Korean War, Berlin Wall, Cuban Missile Crisis, and Vietnam War as the two sides backed opposing forces around the world.
03 the cold war development and impact of the cold war
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The Cold War
The document summarizes the key events of the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States from the late 1940s to the early 1990s. It describes the tensions after World War 2 and division of countries. Major conflicts included the Berlin Airlift, Korean War, Vietnam War, and Cuban Missile Crisis. Arms races and nuclear deterrence increased tensions until détente in the 1970s. The Cold War ended in the late 1980s as communism collapsed in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union dissolved.
Cold War, What was it? Day 1
The document provides background information on the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union from 1945 to 1991. It discusses that after WWII, political differences grew between the two former allies as they had opposing economic systems - capitalism vs communism. This created a climate of tension known as the Cold War, where they competed militarily and for global influence through proxies but never directly engaged in war. Tensions lasted until the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s.
U.S. History Cold War Introduction
The document provides an introduction to the Cold War between the United States and USSR after World War II. It discusses the conflicting goals between capitalism and communism that led to the rivalry, including who would be the dominant superpower. Key events that exacerbated tensions included the Marshall Plan, the Berlin Airlift, the formation of NATO in response to the Soviet-controlled Warsaw Pact, and the Korean War. The Cold War had impacts both internationally through proxy wars around the world, and domestically in the US through fears around communism.
End of WWII / Cold War
Following WWII, Europe was divided between Western allies like the US and Eastern bloc countries under Soviet control, giving rise to the Cold War. Germany was divided and occupied by the Allied powers. The US and USSR emerged as new superpowers but had opposing economic and political ideologies, leading to strategic alliances against each other. Both sides sought to prevent the spread of the other's influence and system, fearing an arms race eventually developed around nuclear weapons.
United States History Ch. 16 Section 1 Notes
The wartime alliance between the United States and Soviet Union broke down as their differing goals for postwar Europe emerged. The Soviets expanded their control over Eastern Europe, establishing satellite states separated from the West by an "Iron Curtain." In response, the US pursued a policy of containment through the Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, and formation of NATO military alliance. When Stalin blockaded West Berlin, the US organized the Berlin Airlift to supply the city, demonstrating US commitment to containing Soviet expansion.
America and two world wars- cold war
1) The document discusses America's involvement in World War I and World War II, with the US joining WWI in 1917 and WWII in 1941 after the attack on Pearl Harbor.
2) Between the wars, the Roaring Twenties saw cultural changes and economic prosperity in America, but the Great Depression began with the stock market crash of 1929.
3) FDR's New Deal reforms and economic recovery programs helped pull the US out of the Depression. During WWII, women entered the workforce and the US and allies defeated Germany and Japan, with the US dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Cold War: Causes and Characteristics
The document outlines several key themes and events of the Cold War era:
1. The main themes included imperialism, the bipolar superpower world between the US and USSR, ideological mistrust between capitalism and communism, and strategic concerns around spheres of influence.
2. Major early events of the Cold War included the Truman Doctrine providing aid to Greece and Turkey in 1947 to counter Soviet influence, the Marshall Plan providing economic aid to rebuild Europe also in 1947, and the 1948 Berlin Airlift supplying West Berlin after the Soviet blockade.
3. NATO was formed in 1949 in response to the Berlin Crisis and as a military alliance to counter the Soviet threat in Europe. The 1950 Korean War further escalated tensions
The Cold War
Germany surrendered in 1945 and was divided and occupied by the Allies. The Potsdam Conference established this division and began de-Nazification efforts. Europe was largely bankrupt after the war while the US and USSR emerged as new superpowers. The Soviets wanted to rebuild the German economy to their benefit while the Americans prioritized self-determination, leading to the origins of the Cold War between them. Japan also surrendered in 1945 after atomic bombs were dropped and was remade under US occupation with a new constitution and demilitarization. These postwar changes established the foundations for the ensuing global Cold War conflict between capitalist and communist ideologies.
The Cold War
The Cold War began after World War 2 as tensions grew between Western nations led by the US and Eastern nations dominated by the Soviet Union. The Soviets set up communist governments in Eastern Europe and divided Germany and Korea. This led to an arms race and conflicts like the Korean War as the two sides competed for influence and tried to contain the spread of the other's ideology through proxies. Key events that defined the Cold War included the Berlin Airlift, formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact, and the Cuban Missile Crisis.
Cold War 1945 1960
After WWII, tensions grew between the US and USSR as they emerged as rival superpowers. The USSR set up communist governments in Eastern Europe and cut off access to West Berlin, leading to the Berlin Airlift. NATO and the Warsaw Pact were formed as military alliances. During this time, fears of communism spread in the US through events like the Hollywood blacklist and trials of accused spies like the Rosenbergs. The development of nuclear weapons by both sides increased tensions further in an arms race and space race throughout the 1950s.
Prototype Global Coding of Political Geographies for Library and Data Managem...
Abstract
Regional geographic analysis in the United States is constrained by the alphabetic FIPS codes which were assigned in the 1960’s. Base codes were assigned alphabetically for states, then alphabetically for counties and comparable geographies within states, making it simple to lookup individual state or county data in a list, but offering no geographic information on proximity. Some regional aggregation was done in the establishment of Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA), which were separately coded. At the same time, there was no comparable national system to aggregate non-metropolitan counties into standard regions, although most states established some form of multi-county regional councils. Some, like Virginia, used sub-state districts for data aggregation and use by other State agencies, allowing the region number to act like a FIPS code that also embedded geographic information.
The author began work in 1998 on the issue. A review of other national and international systems led to the conclusion that a global geocode system was needed, since existing formats were based on the alphabetic approach which could be handled by early computing. Economists Jeffery Sachs and James K. Galbraith have expressed interest in such a system, as Professor Sach opened his 2012 AAG address by saying that “economists think counties are arranged alphabetically on the globe, since that is the way the data appears.” The purpose of this paper is to present the prototype design for the purpose of further consideration by the user communities.
The system is based on a geocode scheme set up for earth that focuses on established political boundaries as a basis for regional grouping of nations, states and localities. It is decimal system based to take advantage of the sort criteria for numbers in computers. It utilized the Sector Group and Region codes of the United Nations and ISO. Geographic information system technology does not solve the problem, but its tools can be used with the geocodes.
The geocode system effectively organizes Wikipedia entries as a library management and the geocodes can be used for data aggregation. This has been developed under a Creative Commons license and would benefit from a global network implementation where local users cooperatively related subnational geographic regions and component political geography.
Papers in Applied Geography, Volume 36, 2013
virginia regions a model strategic framework for partnering, collaboration an...
Virginia has established regional planning districts to encourage cooperation across local government boundaries. Planning District 7 encompasses counties and towns in the Northern Shenandoah Valley region of Virginia. Over time, as the population grew and needs increased, organizations were established to serve the region collaboratively on issues like economic development, transportation, and social services. The framework of having consistent regions defined by the state, and state support and data collection for those regions, has led to greater partnership and cooperation compared to models in other states that lack clear regional designations.
2000.04.15 a 2050 transportation vision rt 17 exurban region
2050 Transportation Vision given in the year 2000 for the RADCO - now George Washington Regional Commission covering the Virginia exurban regions of the Washington, D.C.-Northern Virginia - metropolitan area - Planning Districts 7, 9 and 16
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Cold war beginnings sara j and fatima 9 c
The document summarizes key aspects of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. It explains that the Cold War was a state of political and military tension between the communist world and the capitalist Western world from 1946 to 1991. It describes how the Truman Doctrine pledged U.S. economic and military support to prevent countries from falling into the Soviet sphere. It also discusses how Eastern European nations became satellite states controlled by the Soviet Union, separated from the West by an "Iron Curtain."
Fatima al mansoori sara al jassmi 9_c
The document provides background information on the Cold War, including key events and policies in the late 1940s that led to increased tensions between the Western world and Soviet Union. It discusses the Truman Doctrine and how it marked the beginning of the Cold War by pledging US support to countries resisting communism. It also summarizes Stalin's blockade of Berlin and the Western allies' response through the Berlin Airlift to supply the city despite the blockade.
Cold war notes
The Cold War was a period of intense rivalry between the US and Soviet Union that began after World War 2 and lasted over 40 years. Neither side engaged in direct military conflict due to nuclear weapons. The US established institutions and alliances like NATO to contain the spread of communism in Europe, while the Soviets set up communist governments in Eastern Europe behind an "Iron Curtain." This resulted in an arms race as both stockpiled nuclear weapons and a series of crises over places like Berlin.
Cold war
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and Soviet Union from the mid-1940s until the early 1990s. It involved military buildups, proxy wars, propaganda campaigns, and espionage between the two superpowers, with major events including the Berlin Blockade, Korean War, Cuban Missile Crisis, and collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. The war was labeled "Cold" because it never resulted in direct military conflict between the US and USSR, but involved threats and espionage, with tensions remaining high throughout the period.
The Cold War- Elizabeth Denney
The Cold War lasted from 1945-1991 and was a state of political and military tension between the United States and the Soviet Union that stopped short of full-scale war. Key events included the Yalta and Potsdam conferences in 1945 where the postwar fate of Germany was decided, the Truman Doctrine of 1947 which aimed to contain the spread of communism with programs like the Marshall Plan, and the Berlin Wall being erected in 1961 to divide East and West Berlin. Other notable tensions included the nuclear and space arms races as both sides competed technologically, wars in Korea from 1950-1953 and Vietnam in the 1960s-70s as the US and USSR backed opposing sides, and leadership from figures such as Mao Zed
The Cold War:Ayesha and Shaikha 9C
The Cold War was a state of political and military tension between communist states led by the Soviet Union and capitalist states led by the United States from 1946 to 1991. Key events included the Truman Doctrine providing economic aid to prevent countries from falling to Soviet control, the Marshall Plan rebuilding European economies to counter Soviet influence, and the Berlin Airlift supplying West Berlin after the Soviets cut off land access.
Cold War 1st Period Guyer
The Cold War was a geopolitical conflict between the United States and Soviet Union that began after World War 2 and ended in 1991 with the collapse of the Soviet Union. Though no direct military battles occurred between the two superpowers, they engaged in espionage, propaganda, arms buildups, and proxy wars around the world. Key events included the Berlin Airlift, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the arms race that financially drained the Soviet economy. The Cold War ended as communism fell in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union collapsed under its own economic troubles.
An overview of the cold war
After WWII, tensions rose between the capitalist United States and communist Soviet Union as they emerged as the two dominant superpowers. Both sides sought to spread their influence and demonstrate military superiority, engaging in nuclear and conventional arms races. Key events in the Cold War included the division of Germany and establishment of communist states in Eastern Europe, as well as hotspots like the Korean War, Berlin Wall, Cuban Missile Crisis, and Vietnam War as the two sides backed opposing forces around the world.
03 the cold war development and impact of the cold war
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The Cold War
The document summarizes the key events of the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States from the late 1940s to the early 1990s. It describes the tensions after World War 2 and division of countries. Major conflicts included the Berlin Airlift, Korean War, Vietnam War, and Cuban Missile Crisis. Arms races and nuclear deterrence increased tensions until détente in the 1970s. The Cold War ended in the late 1980s as communism collapsed in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union dissolved.
Cold War, What was it? Day 1
The document provides background information on the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union from 1945 to 1991. It discusses that after WWII, political differences grew between the two former allies as they had opposing economic systems - capitalism vs communism. This created a climate of tension known as the Cold War, where they competed militarily and for global influence through proxies but never directly engaged in war. Tensions lasted until the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s.
U.S. History Cold War Introduction
The document provides an introduction to the Cold War between the United States and USSR after World War II. It discusses the conflicting goals between capitalism and communism that led to the rivalry, including who would be the dominant superpower. Key events that exacerbated tensions included the Marshall Plan, the Berlin Airlift, the formation of NATO in response to the Soviet-controlled Warsaw Pact, and the Korean War. The Cold War had impacts both internationally through proxy wars around the world, and domestically in the US through fears around communism.
End of WWII / Cold War
Following WWII, Europe was divided between Western allies like the US and Eastern bloc countries under Soviet control, giving rise to the Cold War. Germany was divided and occupied by the Allied powers. The US and USSR emerged as new superpowers but had opposing economic and political ideologies, leading to strategic alliances against each other. Both sides sought to prevent the spread of the other's influence and system, fearing an arms race eventually developed around nuclear weapons.
United States History Ch. 16 Section 1 Notes
The wartime alliance between the United States and Soviet Union broke down as their differing goals for postwar Europe emerged. The Soviets expanded their control over Eastern Europe, establishing satellite states separated from the West by an "Iron Curtain." In response, the US pursued a policy of containment through the Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, and formation of NATO military alliance. When Stalin blockaded West Berlin, the US organized the Berlin Airlift to supply the city, demonstrating US commitment to containing Soviet expansion.
America and two world wars- cold war
1) The document discusses America's involvement in World War I and World War II, with the US joining WWI in 1917 and WWII in 1941 after the attack on Pearl Harbor.
2) Between the wars, the Roaring Twenties saw cultural changes and economic prosperity in America, but the Great Depression began with the stock market crash of 1929.
3) FDR's New Deal reforms and economic recovery programs helped pull the US out of the Depression. During WWII, women entered the workforce and the US and allies defeated Germany and Japan, with the US dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Cold War: Causes and Characteristics
The document outlines several key themes and events of the Cold War era:
1. The main themes included imperialism, the bipolar superpower world between the US and USSR, ideological mistrust between capitalism and communism, and strategic concerns around spheres of influence.
2. Major early events of the Cold War included the Truman Doctrine providing aid to Greece and Turkey in 1947 to counter Soviet influence, the Marshall Plan providing economic aid to rebuild Europe also in 1947, and the 1948 Berlin Airlift supplying West Berlin after the Soviet blockade.
3. NATO was formed in 1949 in response to the Berlin Crisis and as a military alliance to counter the Soviet threat in Europe. The 1950 Korean War further escalated tensions
The Cold War
Germany surrendered in 1945 and was divided and occupied by the Allies. The Potsdam Conference established this division and began de-Nazification efforts. Europe was largely bankrupt after the war while the US and USSR emerged as new superpowers. The Soviets wanted to rebuild the German economy to their benefit while the Americans prioritized self-determination, leading to the origins of the Cold War between them. Japan also surrendered in 1945 after atomic bombs were dropped and was remade under US occupation with a new constitution and demilitarization. These postwar changes established the foundations for the ensuing global Cold War conflict between capitalist and communist ideologies.
The Cold War
The Cold War began after World War 2 as tensions grew between Western nations led by the US and Eastern nations dominated by the Soviet Union. The Soviets set up communist governments in Eastern Europe and divided Germany and Korea. This led to an arms race and conflicts like the Korean War as the two sides competed for influence and tried to contain the spread of the other's ideology through proxies. Key events that defined the Cold War included the Berlin Airlift, formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact, and the Cuban Missile Crisis.
Cold War 1945 1960
After WWII, tensions grew between the US and USSR as they emerged as rival superpowers. The USSR set up communist governments in Eastern Europe and cut off access to West Berlin, leading to the Berlin Airlift. NATO and the Warsaw Pact were formed as military alliances. During this time, fears of communism spread in the US through events like the Hollywood blacklist and trials of accused spies like the Rosenbergs. The development of nuclear weapons by both sides increased tensions further in an arms race and space race throughout the 1950s.
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03 the cold war development and impact of the cold war
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Prototype Global Coding of Political Geographies for Library and Data Managem...
Abstract
Regional geographic analysis in the United States is constrained by the alphabetic FIPS codes which were assigned in the 1960’s. Base codes were assigned alphabetically for states, then alphabetically for counties and comparable geographies within states, making it simple to lookup individual state or county data in a list, but offering no geographic information on proximity. Some regional aggregation was done in the establishment of Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA), which were separately coded. At the same time, there was no comparable national system to aggregate non-metropolitan counties into standard regions, although most states established some form of multi-county regional councils. Some, like Virginia, used sub-state districts for data aggregation and use by other State agencies, allowing the region number to act like a FIPS code that also embedded geographic information.
The author began work in 1998 on the issue. A review of other national and international systems led to the conclusion that a global geocode system was needed, since existing formats were based on the alphabetic approach which could be handled by early computing. Economists Jeffery Sachs and James K. Galbraith have expressed interest in such a system, as Professor Sach opened his 2012 AAG address by saying that “economists think counties are arranged alphabetically on the globe, since that is the way the data appears.” The purpose of this paper is to present the prototype design for the purpose of further consideration by the user communities.
The system is based on a geocode scheme set up for earth that focuses on established political boundaries as a basis for regional grouping of nations, states and localities. It is decimal system based to take advantage of the sort criteria for numbers in computers. It utilized the Sector Group and Region codes of the United Nations and ISO. Geographic information system technology does not solve the problem, but its tools can be used with the geocodes.
The geocode system effectively organizes Wikipedia entries as a library management and the geocodes can be used for data aggregation. This has been developed under a Creative Commons license and would benefit from a global network implementation where local users cooperatively related subnational geographic regions and component political geography.
Papers in Applied Geography, Volume 36, 2013
virginia regions a model strategic framework for partnering, collaboration an...
Virginia has established regional planning districts to encourage cooperation across local government boundaries. Planning District 7 encompasses counties and towns in the Northern Shenandoah Valley region of Virginia. Over time, as the population grew and needs increased, organizations were established to serve the region collaboratively on issues like economic development, transportation, and social services. The framework of having consistent regions defined by the state, and state support and data collection for those regions, has led to greater partnership and cooperation compared to models in other states that lack clear regional designations.
2000.04.15 a 2050 transportation vision rt 17 exurban region
2050 Transportation Vision given in the year 2000 for the RADCO - now George Washington Regional Commission covering the Virginia exurban regions of the Washington, D.C.-Northern Virginia - metropolitan area - Planning Districts 7, 9 and 16
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The World Future Society Conference
FutureQuest: Strategies for the New Millennium – Chicago, this launched the Regions Work Initiative and set out the Action Plan that is still being pursued today.
Plan-Do: Defining and Achieving Your Life Goals
This document outlines exercises to help the reader uncover their life goals and develop a personal planning process. It begins with an introduction explaining the author's own experience lacking life goals and developing a plan using index cards. It then defines key planning terms and describes four exercises: 1) Writing down 5 important goals for the next 6 months, 2) Creating "I am" cards to identify strengths/roles, 3) Mind mapping one's life, and 4) Creating a comprehensive to-do list. The document aims to help the reader gain clarity around who they are and what they want to achieve to develop an effective personal plan.
Mid-Atlantic Regional Planning Roundtable
This document describes the Mid-Atlantic Regional Planning Roundtable process, which began in 2005 as a way to coordinate regional planning across broader regions and states. It has since expanded participation and aims to address issues like transportation, hazard mitigation, and infrastructure from a regional perspective. The roundtable also discusses using regional councils as the unit for comparative multi-county regional analysis over time to better inform planning.
U.S. State.Geocodes - Global Geocode System.
This document outlines a geocode system for U.S. states that includes the state name, FIPS code, census region, and delicious tag geocode with substate region field for each state. States are arranged in geographic order from north to south and east to west within their census region. Each state is also assigned a number that corresponds to its position within its census region.
Substate region geo-codes for the U.S.- 2007
This earlier paper is setting the foundation for substate region codes with the setting of State geo-codes. The 2011 version also here shows the current development.
U.S. Substate District-Regional Council as a Geospatial Unit of Analytical Ge...
The document proposes a new geospatial coding system for sub-state regional units in the United States based on existing regional council boundaries. It assigns a numeric code to each state and region based on their geographic location to allow for easier aggregation and analysis of regional data compared to the existing alphabetic coding system. The new system is intended to make regional networks and data more visible and enable multi-regional analyses across state boundaries. Tables show the proposed numeric codes for each state and region based on the U.S. Census Bureau's existing regional divisions. Maps linked for each state show their regional council boundaries.
Global region builder geo-codes.appendix-c-mid-atlantic.sub-state.district.ge...
This document contains information about county and multi-county region geo-codes for New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, and other states. It includes three-digit sub-state region codes, region names, county names, state and region geo-codes, FIPS codes for counties and states, and directional indicators for states.
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This document provides a summary of country codes and identifiers for global geographies. It includes a table with 3-letter country codes, 2-letter country codes, 3-digit numeric codes, and country name abbreviations used by different international organizations for identification purposes. The table is sorted alphabetically by country name.
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This document proposes a new geospatial framework for regional analysis in the United States based on sub-state districts/regional councils. It notes limitations of existing frameworks like Metropolitan Statistical Areas and FIPS codes. The new framework assigns unique geo-codes to each state and region based on Census Bureau regions and divisions. This allows comparison of changes in regions over time and across state lines. It shows how regional councils could serve as standard units of analysis for measuring multi-jurisdictional regional trends and characteristics. The goal is to increase use of regional councils in research and practice and for redistricting based on regional communities.
Global Region-builder Geo-Code Prototype
This document proposes a new global region-builder geo-code system to enable regional analysis across jurisdictions. The current Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) codes from the 1960s limit regional analysis by alphabetically coding states and counties. The proposed system addresses this by assigning numeric codes to increasingly larger geographic regions based on proximity, from continents down to counties. It includes examples applying the codes to analyze population changes in Virginia regions and densities excluding urban areas. The goal is to engage researchers and practitioners to develop this system for multi-regional data analysis and comparison over time.
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This paper summarizes the history of the development and evolution of the Mid-Atlantic Regional Planning Roundtables from their inception in 2005 to the 7th event in 2010. This effort has led to the development of a Mind-Atlantic Regional Planning Learning Network
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This document proposes a scale for defining different levels of regions from local to global. It suggests that a county would be considered a level 1 regional scale, while an organization like a regional planning commission serving multiple counties would be a level 2 region. Higher levels include multi-state regions at level 4, nations at level 5, and the largest scale as level 7 which would include entities like the United Nations or World Trade Organization spanning the entire planet. The scale is meant to provide a standardized way to classify the size and scope of different political and geographical regions.
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