The document examines the evolution and significance of landscape architecture, emphasizing its role in managing urban environments through various case studies of notable parks and gardens, such as Central Park and Yerba Buena Garden. It discusses the theory of landscape urbanism, which integrates natural and built systems to enhance social interactions and urban connectivity. Additionally, it highlights the transformation of neglected urban spaces into vibrant public areas through innovative design and restoration efforts.

1. DESIGN SEMINAR – II
Hiren Kheni AR 1614
Pravin Mistry AR 1814
Sukirti Sirupa AR 3214
Sonu Suthar AR 3514
Harnsiha Vaghasiya AR 3814
Nirali Vaghela AR 3914
Gauri Agarwal AR 0213
School of Architecture
Vadodara Design Academy
URBAN LANDSCAPE

2. CONTENT
S
1. INTRODUCTION
2. CASE STUDIES
• CENTRAL PARK, NEW YORK
• YERBA BUENA GARDEN, CALIFORNIA
• LA PROMINADE PLANTEE, PARIS
• OLYMPIC SCULPTURE PARK, WASHINGTON
• GOVERNORS ISLAND, NEW YORK
• THE HIGH LINE, NEW YORK
• BISHAN-ANG MO KIO PARK, SINGAPORE
• BHADRA SQUARE REDEVELOPMENT, GUJARAT
• GARDENS BY THE BAY, SINGAPORE
• KLYDE WARREN PARK, TEXAS

3. INTRODUCTIO
N
Landscape architecture is a profession that combines art and science to
shape and manage the physical world and the systems that we are part of.
It is a design profession that creatively responds to the challenges of man’s
interaction with the land to propose new possibilities for sites. Landscape
architecture also requires a strong understanding of natural systems and
sciences, such as geology and soils; plants and climatic and water systems.
Industrial Revolution was a time of conclusive, and the larger landscape
began to take on the forms we could recognise in modernity.
LANDSCAPE
MAN-MADENATURA
LForests, rivers,
mountains
Parks, squares,
streets, etc

4. THEOR
Y• Landscape Urbanism is a theory of urban landscape.
• The phrase Landscape Urbanism first appeared in mid 1990’s
• The best way to organise cities is through the design of the city’s landscape.
From the late 1990’s, the phrase was used by landscape architects in the United States to refer to
the re-organisation of declining post-industrial cities, such as Detroit.
• From the 2000s, it was used in Europe by architects to mean a highly flexible way of integrating
large-scale infrastructure, housing and open space.
• By the late 2000s, the phrase became associated with highly commercialized, multi-phase urban
parks, such as Olympic park design.
• The first major event to do with ‘landscape urbanism’ conference held in Chicago in April 1997.
Characteristics
1. Broad scale context: Landscape urbanism does not belong to a specific scale. It can be considered
in small or large scale projects.
2. Landscape is a context which contains architecture and civil engineering.
3. Landscape urbanism projects can provide the opportunity of increasing the social interactions.
4. Function is the most significant concern in Landscape urbanism, which gives the appearance of a
project less importance.
5. Landscape urbanism discovers the potentials and opportunities in landscapes.
6. The infrastructure are highlighted in Landscape urbanism projects.
7. Landscape urbanism projects will develop the interrelationship between natural and engineered
systems.
8. Landscape urbanism will break the boundary between the landscape and the city and will organize
them as one.

5. CENTRAL PARK
Manhattan, New York City, U.S.
1857
Frederick Law Olmsted (1822–1903)
Calvert Vaux (1824–1895)
843 acres
The history of Central Park is, all about the creation of the
most famous city park in America, the role of open space on
the island of Manhattan:
The dynamic tension between
pavement and pasture,
city noise and rural quiet,
fresh air and foul,
private and public land,
city and state government,
city square and urban park

6. BACKGROUND
New York City's need for a great public park was resounded by the
famed poet and editor of the Evening Post (now the New York
Post), William Cullen Bryant, as well as by the first American landscape
architect, Andrew Jackson Downing, who predicted and began to
publicize the city's need for a public park in 1844.
Central Park is a magisterial
composition, whose
landscapes and structural
features are placed to take
advantage of the natural
topography of the site

7. PROPOSAL
In the competition of Central park, Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux developed what came to be known
as the "Greensward Plan",
According to Olmsted, the park was "of great importance as the first real Park made in this country – a
democratic development of the highest significance..."

8. CONCEP
T
This plan featured an English style landscape
with large meadows, several lakes and hills.
Winding pedestrian roads were separated from
main roads and the huge number of trees
the park is a kind of social experiment
where people from both upper and
lower classes would meet, a rather
revolutionary idea at that time.

9. Bethesda Terrace, a two-tiered esplanade featuring elaborate carvings and a central sculptural fountain
PECULARITIES OF THE
PROJECT

10. Great lawn
The Ramble
Sheep meadow
The Central park zoo
North Meadow The Reservoir
PECULARITIES OF THE
PROJECT

11. Greywacke ArchWinterdale Arch
110th Street Arch
Gapstow BridgeBow Bridge
Gothic Bridge
Greywacke Arch
The plan consists of 36 Bridges, no two are alike.

12. First decline and renovation
Around the turn of the 20th century, the
park faced several new challenges. Cars
were becoming common place, bringing
with them their burden of pollution, and
people's attitudes were beginning to
change.
Major redesigning and construction was
carried out: for instance, the Croton
Lower Reservoir was filled in so the Great
Lawn was created.
He also created the 67th Street
Transverse, widened West Drive, and
evicted the sheep from Sheep Meadow.
In 1934 the focus of the park shifted from relaxation to recreation.
Construction of many sports facilities, playgrounds and the Wollman rink. Renovation of the Zoo, and
installation of several sculptures including 'Alice in Wonderland
1970 – condition of the the park.

13. The "Events Era" and second decline
1960
reflected the widespread cultural and
political trends of the period. The Public
Theater's annual Shakespeare in the
Park festival was settled in the Delacorte
Theater in 1961,
Restoration and second renovation
small restoration staff to reconstruct and
repair unique rustic features, undertaking
horticultural projects, and removing
graffiti.Restored oak bridge

14. 1980s–90s renovations
The first landscape to be restored was the Sheep
Meadow, primarily with funds provided by New York
State. During the next few years, Bethesda Terrace and
Fountain, Belvedere Castle, and the East Green were
restored.
In 1996, the Conservancy embarked on its most
ambitious landscape restoration: the overhaul of the 55
acres (22 hectares) including and surrounding
the Great Lawn and Turtle Pond (formerly the Great
Lawn and the Belvedere Lake)
Sheep Meadow before renovation

15. 2000s renovations
In 2000 the Conservatory Water opened after a six-
month restoration effort
Bank Rock Bridge, also called Cabinet Bridge, across
the mouth of the cove was recreated in carved oak with
cast-iron panels and pine decking
Restoration of further sections of the Lake's
shoreline landscapes was undertaken

16. YERBA BUENA GARDEN
SOUTH OF MARKET, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
1960 – 1999
24,500 sq.m
Kenzo Tange and Gerald McCue, architects of the first
redevelopment plans.
Mitchell Giurgola, Mallas & Foote, Omi Lang, Paul
Friedberg, and Hargreaves Associates, designers of
Garden / Esplanade.
Adele Santos, Adele Santos Architects, architects for
the children’s facilities.
• In the mid-19 century, San Francisco’s South of
Market area evolved after the Civil War into an
important service sector, geared largely to the
city’s port.
• Young, single, and often immigrant, workers and
merchant seamen formed a majority of the
population, and industrial infrastructure and
workers’ housing came to dominate the
landscape.
• In 1953, 19.5 blocks South of Market were
designated a redevelopment zone by one of the
nation’s first redevelopment agencies.

17. BACKGROUND
1960
Redevelopment area shifted, becoming smaller (87
acres) and moving closer to Market Street. Design
theme of convention centre and sports-related facilities
chosen.
1964
Livingston / Blayney and John Carl Warnecke produce
preliminary concept and design plan, named Yerba
Buena Gardens, for a “protected environment.”
1966-1967
Yerba Buena Center officially designated an urban
renewal area.
In 1967 The Redevelopment Agency initiated
demolition.
1967-1969
Kenzo Tange and then Gerald M. McCue and Associates
chosen to produce the first plan for central blocks,
based on the Livingston / Blayney and Warnecke
concept.
1982
Moscone Center opens.
1986-1989
Marriott Hotel is constructed.
Early conceptions of Yerba Buena Gardens envisioned a
complex of high-rise buildings in almost a fortress
fashion (1995).
Over the years the Yerba Buena Gardens master plan
softened its edges, opening it to the surrounding
neighbourhood(1995).
Project was long drawn out over 3 decades.
FIRST STAGE
SECOND STAGE

18. 1987-1990
San Francisco Museum of Modern Art decides to relocate to
Yerba Buena.
1993
Gardens and Center for the Arts open. Moscone expansion
completed.
1998
Children’s facilities open.
1999
Sony’s Metreon opens.
1991
Yerba Buena Alliance formed. Central children’s area,
including ice rink, Childcare Center, and Zeum,
planned.
2010
1977
1984
• Yerba Buena Center, however, did not succeed. It
was nearly a complete failure. Indeed, within five
years of its inception, the project had essentially
been abandoned amidst an avalanche of citizen
opposition and lawsuits.
• Resistance culminated in a 1970 lawsuit filed by
Tenants and Owners in Opposition to
Redevelopment (TOOR) that successfully forced the
Redevelopment Agency to acknowledge its legal
obligation to provide housing for displaced
residents.
THIRD STAGE

19. PROPOSAL
• The goal was to reverse the decay that post-war economic changes had visited upon the “South of Market”
neighbourhood adjacent to San Francisco’s financial district.
• The old vision mixed commercial use, convention centre, and public garden but also added essential new
elements, such as subsidized low-income housing, public and cultural as well as a retail centre, and other
amenities to be located atop an underground convention centre expansion.
• The Yerba Buena Street Life Plan, first published in 2010, that identified 36 projects to improve the beauty and
functionality of the District’s public streets, alleys, and public spaces.

20. CONCEPT
• Identify criteria and projects that would improve the
mobility, sustainability, and beauty of the District.
• the creation of the gardens, as well as its inclusiveness
in terms of the population it serves and its
neighbourhood: "The mixed-use development
enables cultural, social justice, and economic
development agendas to coexist within a network of
collaborative management practices.”

21. THE GARDEN
Public space
• 5.5-acre central garden linked to an extensive open space
network.
Commercial development
• Convention Centre: an original “big box” building and a two
part underground expansion,
• Hotels: a Marriott, W Hotel, Four Seasons Hotel and Tower,
and a Carpenter and Company project. These are mostly
high-end facilities, some with condominiums and
commercial venues at ground level.
• Entertainment: the centrepiece is Sony’s “Metreon,” its first
largescale urban entertainment centre.
Museums and cultural facilities
• Centre for the Arts: two buildings designed by James
Polshek (the theatre) and Fumihiko Maki (the galleries and
forum).
• San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, designed by Mario
Botta.
• Children’s Centre for Technology and the Arts (“Zeum”): a
studio for technology and the arts targeting older youth.
• Other youth facilities: a historic carousel, bowling alley, ice
skating rink, child care centre, and children’s garden.
Housing
• TODCO homes: four housing projects providing units for
1700 low-income, disabled, and elderly residents.
• Other housing: a mix ranging from SRO projects to 1500
market rate units (20% subsidized low mod) to the high-end
condos at the hotels.

22. Martin Luther King Memorial
facing the garden.
Gardeners work in plots provided
by the San Francisco
Redevelopment Authority as part
of the low and moderate-income
housing provided in the immediate
area surrounding Yerba Buena
Gardens.
Even when fully programmed there
are opportunities for passive
recreation in the gardens.
To the left is Fumihiko Maki’s
Centre for the Arts Galleries and
Forum and John Ploshek’s
performance facility is to the right.
Both facilities create a framed view
of Mario Botta’s San Francisco
Museum of Modern Art from the
Garden.
The historic carousel relocated
from San Francisco’s Play land-
at-the-Beach is an important
part of the intergenerational mix
of activity at the Gardens.
The SONY Metreon is a retail and
entertainment centre facing the
Gardens. It was redesigned
following a public design review
to allow additional light into the
gardens through additional roof
glazing.
The Zeum is a children’s arts facility
where teens from all over San
Francisco experiment with video
and digital arts. Here is a class
gathered in the courtyard adjacent
to the Zeum entrance.

23. NEW
INSERTS

24. Coulée verte René-Dumont or La Prominade Plantee
FRANCE PARIS LA PROMENADE PLANTEE
AERIAL VIEW
“The first elevated park in the world”
1993
Landscape architect Jacques Vergely and
architect Philippe Mathieux

25. Built on the former train tracks of the Vincennes railway, it was
resurrected in 1990 as an extensive urban green belt which
runs about 4.7 kms along nearly the entire length of Paris’s
12th arrondissement, from the Bois de Vincennes on one end
to the Place de la Bastille on the other, its last hundred yards
opening onto the Opéra Bastille.
The elevated part of the route, on the viaduct, has some
enclosed sections, as when it passes between modern
buildings, and some open sections with expansive views.
INTRODUCTIO
N
Access Archways Promenade park

26. Sheltered part
Part located at street level
Sliced part
Access to gardens
Access to the
promenade
Handicap acces
Beginning of the bike path
Accessible part for dogs
Games for children
Lawn accessible to the
public

27. BACKGROUND
1859
Vincennes railway line
1969
Railway closed
1984
Demolished Bastille station
1986
Reuilly area was designed
1993
La Promenade Plantee
SUCCESIVE PROJECTS
Manhattan’s The High Line, Chicago’s Bloomingdale
Trail, Philadelphia’s Reading Viaduct, Rotterdam’s Hofplein
station

28. O L Y M P I C S C U L P T U R E P A R K
2007
WEISS/MANFREDI
36,000 m2
Seattle, Washington

29. the astounding result of a major partnership
between SAM and the Trust for Public Land to
reclaim downtown Seattle’s last undeveloped
waterfront property as a public space for art.
SAM had resolved to return the site as much as
possible to a functioning ecosystem, while
providing a unique setting for outdoor sculpture
and public recreation.
Starting in 1910, the grounds that would become
the Olympic Sculpture Park were operated as a
fuel-storage and transfer facility, activities that
contaminated the soil and groundwater
BACKGROUND
CONCEPT
developed an innovative Z-shaped
configuration to connect three parcels of
land into a series of four distinct
landscapes.
This design afforded a wide range of
environmental restoration processes,
including brownfield redevelopment,
salmon habitat restoration, native
plantings, and sustainable design
strategies.

31. Envisioned as a new model for an urban sculpture park, the project
is located on a industrial site at the water's edge.
The design creates a continuous constructed landscape for art,
forms an uninterrupted Z-shaped "green" platform, and descends
40 feet from the city to the water, capitalizing on views of the
skyline and Elliot Bay and rising over the existing infrastructure to
reconnect the urban core to the revitalized waterfront.
An exhibition pavilion provides space for art, performances and
educational programming.
From this pavilion, the pedestrian route descends to the water,
linking three new archetypal landscapes of the northwest: a dense
temperate evergreen forest, a deciduous forest and a shoreline
garden.
The design not only brings sculpture outside of the museum walls
but brings the park itself into the landscape of the city.
PROPOSAL
Green area
circulation
services

33. B
E
F
O
R
E
A
F
T
E
R

34. GOVERNORS ISLAND ‘THE HILLS’
NEW YORK, USA
(Located in the heart of New York Harbour
between Lower Manhattan and the Brooklyn
waterfront, Governors Island.)
2007
WEST 8
172 acres
MAP SHOWING NEW YORK, USA MAP SHOWING NEW YORK HARBOR MAP SHOWING GOVERNORS ISLAND
ARIAL VIEW OF GOVERNORS ISLAND

35. BACKGROUND
1811 1911 1996
ADDITION OF THE SOUTH ISLAND END OF THE MILITARY ERAEARLY SHAPE
Constructed by the
colonial militia

36. 2003
BECOMING A PUBLIC PLACE
2014
PARK PHASE 1 OPENS
Transforming abandoned military base
to vibrant public destination
BACKGROUND

37. 2016 FUTURE
THE HILLS OPEN
Rising up to 70 feet above sea level
THE NEXT CHAPTER
BACKGROUND

38. MASTER PLAN
Rising up to 70 feet above sea level
GRASSY HILL
SLIDE HILL
DISCOVERY
HILL
OUTLOOK HILL

40. CONCEPT, CONSTRUCTION & ANALYSIS
EXISTING
TOPOGRAPHY
EDGING
CIRCULATION &
PAVING
PLANTING

41. HIGH POINT VIEW
GUIDED VIEW

44. THE HIGH LINE
NEW YORK MANHATTAN
HIGH LINE
2009
James Corner Field Operations (Landscape architecture)
29,000 sq. m
AERIAL VIEW
“a symbol and catalyst”

45. The High Line (also known as High Line Park) is a
2.33 km long elevated linear park, greenway and rail
trail. It was created on a former New York Central
Railroad spur on the west side of Manhattan in New
York City. The abandoned spur has been redesigned
as a "living system" drawing from multiple
disciplines which include landscape
architecture, urban design, and ecology. Since
opening in 2009, the High Line has become an icon of
contemporary landscape architecture.
The High Line at west
INTRODUCTIO
N
Vegetation
Pavement
Stay
Activity
29,000 sq.m
11516.2 sq.m
Resting areas Open Theatre

46. 1847
Construction of rail road tracks
1910
Major accidents
1929
West side elevated highway
1933
First train on West side rail line
Massive demolition (640 buildings)
BACKGROUND
1950
Drop in rail traffic Due to other modes of transport
1960
Demolished southern section
1995
Abandoned rail track
1999
Residents wanted to re-use the
structure for recreational
purpose
Similar to Promenade Plantee in
Paris
2006
Construction of The High Line
1991
Reconstruction of small section
Rail Line
Reconstruction of rail line

47. 1st Phase
2nd Phase
3rd Phase
Staircase
Elevator
Ramp
The Spur
2009
1st Phase
2011
2nd Phase
2014
3rd Phase
2018
The Spur

48. The activity is extended throughout the
tour. Activities occur under the buildings
that cross creating viewpoints and
scenarios for cultural activity. The project
has a program related to which includes
exhibitions, performance and light
ACTIVIT
Y
Zones are distributed that promote the meeting
and contemplation meeting along the route.
Solarium, viewpoints are included. fibs and
mobile seats.
ZONE
S
PAVEMEN
T
The High Line is the only project in NY that
allows pedestrians to run uninterruptedly for
22 blocks. Visual privileged of the city for its
elevated condition The paths with change of
texture of pisa prefabricated in concrete that
separate it from the vegetation.

49. BUILDINGS VEGETATION PAVEMENT
The project passes in front of buildings but
does not generate any kind of relationship
with them.
Drought-resistant plants appeared and those
capable of spreading their seeds by themselves.
Plants that spontaneously were already inside the
abandoned structure were used.
In the planning of the High Line
it is considered to establish
flood zones where the
abandoned structure could be
seen through the transparency
of the water. However, in its
subsequent execution it was not
carried out.

50. CONCEPT
The Spur
The Spur is located on 30th Street close to 10th Avenue (circled
area in red). As noted, the piazza of the Spur will allow
unprecedented views east, west, north, and south
In the current design, the 30th Street Passage passes under the
first building in Hudson Yards
Includes built-in lounge seating, movable tables and chairs, and open
space for free programming and public art. Visitors to the Spur will be
able to look to the north and south along 10th Avenue, west to the
Hudson River, and east into the heart of New York City.
View

51. • Revitalized Chelsea, which was "gritty" and in generally poor condition during the late twentieth century.
• It has also spurred real-estate development in the neighborhoods along the line.
• Crime has been low in the park.
• There have been several proposals for museums along its path. One such museum Whitney Museum was
designed by Renzo Piano.
IMPACT

52. BISHAN-ANG MO KIO PARK
SINGAPORE
2009
RAMBOLL STUDIO DREISEITL
(SINGAPORE)
62000 SQ. M
FROM CONCRETE CANAL TO NATURAL WONDERLAND

53. BACKGROUND
Singapore concrete drains and canals were built to
alleviate widespread flooding
The kallang river Was set within a concrete channel to
prevent flooding.
the park was built around the canal
The Active, Beautiful, Clean Waters (ABC Waters)
Programme was launched to transform the country’s
water bodies into beautiful and clean rivers and lakes
with new spaces for community bonding and recreation.
The redesign to keep the functionality, but also to bring
the river into the park, where people can interact with
the water.
1960s
1980s
1988
2006
2009

54. MORE RIVE , MORE PARK
CONCEPT
PROPOSAL
• The idea of using the parkland to serve as a flood plain
when little water is running through the river,
• the riverbanks, which are covered in vegetation and
grass, provide recreational areas.
• When water levels are high, the surrounding parkland is
inundated and serves as flood zones.
• provides flood prevention, with the ability to carry 40%
more water than the previous channel
• Multiple uses of the space in the park, with more
opportunities for people to interact with the water

55. A combination of vegetation, natural materials and civil engineering
technique to stabilize the river banks and prevent erosion,
A test bed for selection of appropriate techniques and plants measuring
the depth and tenacity of root development, as well as the most effective
construction
SOIL BIOENGINEERING
EROSION CONTROL

56. WATER TREATMENT
CLEANSING BIOTOPE
The dense planting
filters out sediment
while partially
feeding off and
removing nitrates in
the water
The layers of
substrate filter out
particulates and
have mineral
composites that
bind and remove
phosphates
After the surface runoff and river water are channeled through
multiple wetland cells, the water is subjected to an ultraviolet
treatment to remove bacteria.
A system of filtration through phytoremediation and sedimentation

57. WATER FILTRATION
VEGETATED BIOSWALES
Water is filtered on site at the park is through the use of a network of vegetated bioswales
These bioswales help capture storm water runoff from the surrounding area, filtering it to
some extent, and then channeling it into the river.

58. DESIGN APPROCH
Concrete river was torn down and merged
with the park to create a naturalized
meandering river
A 2.7 km straight concrete drainage channel has been
converted into a sinuous, 3.2 km long natural The longer
course helps slow the flow of water through the park,
aiding in water treatment, filtration, and safety
Integrate into the system or environment of usage
The park is divided with the blue-green area and the river on the southern
part of the park, and green area on the northern side
Increase sustainability or improved
environmental impact in Singapore

60. BHADRA SQUARE REDEVELOPMENT
AHEMDABAD, GUJARAT, INDIA
26 Jan, 2011 – Nov. 2014
BALKRISHNA DOSHI
• The space between Bhadra Fort, built by Ahmad Shah, the
founder of the city in 1411.
• Located on the bank of the Sabarmati river, this area
included the Azam Khan Palace and the Bhadrakali Temple.
• Opposite this place was the central open area and on the
axis leading to the east are the three gates.
• In between the Palace and the gates was the Great
Maidan.
• This Maidan was gradually encroached upon by shopping
activities and bazaar and in due course housing were also
added.

61. BACKGROUND
• The Bhadra Fort is a citadel and the ceremonial centre
of the city of Ahmedabad.
• Over the years, even as the city of Ahmedabad grew
and expanded its city limits, the inner core of the city or
the walled city came to be perceived as a site of disease,
communal conflict and general residential decline.
• This perception of the area’s lack in terms of value and
relevance to the social imagination of the city is reflected
in the substantial decline in population of the walled city
between the 1981 and 2001 censuses.
• For a long period of time, the walled city was largely
neglected in terms of urban planning but figured
extensively in narratives of communal violence.
• However, in the last two decades and more, interest in
the walled city revived, with great attention being paid
to the history, traditions and the conservation of the
walled city’s domestic architecture, accompanied by the
city government’s efforts to ‘revitalize’ the walled city.
Bhadra Area, development from 1400s to 1900s, showing linkages
and spatial hierarch

62. EXISTING SITUATION
• Bhadra and places nearby have been closely
linked to the history of the city. Apart from
the monuments, in modern times the same
areas and the nearby Lal Darwaja became
important in the city life, as the first banks
came up in the area and Premabhai Hall, an
important cultural hub and extension of
Gujarat Vernacular Society.
• Himabhai Institute, the city's first library also
came up there.

63. PROPOSAL
• In plan, proposed relocation of these
activities at different places within the
same area giving the municipality or
the developing authority more are for
use and revenue and also to provide
the city with a breathing space it so
badly needed.
• And also aspiring to bring the old
grandeur of this Maidan which in the
early days inspired most of the
community activities, recreations and
pastimes.
• We are also aspiring to revive the
original grandeur around the palace

64. CONCEPT
• Design a new scheme with due considerations to the
present activities and the revival of the past functions of
this area.
• While the city aspires to get World Heritage City status, a
well-planned square at the heart of the Walled City will not
only attract tourists but would also prove that the city can
revitalize public squares in a planned way.
• proposed multi-level parking near Lal Darwaja.
Stages of Development: Bhadra Square Redevelopment

65. MAJOR DESIGN ASPECT
THE HOWKER SOLUTION
The historic square has 1,580 registered
hawkers of whom 690 will get space at the
square itself kiosks at given spaces alongside
the promenade.

67. GARDENS BY THE BAY
Gardens by the bay is an integral part of
Singapore's ‘city in a garden’ vision, designed to
raise the profile of the city
Globally (in 2012 it was voted the 4th most visited
attraction on the planet) whilst showcasing the best
of horticulture and
Garden artistry
INTRODUCTION:
LOCATION:
MARINA BAY Singapore
YEAR:
2012
ARCHITECT/FIRM:
Grant Associates
AREA:
101 HECTARES (250 ACRES)
View of garden by the bay
Map of marina bay
Map of Singapore
View of garden by the bay
Dome and the Cloud Forest
Architecture: Wilkinson Eyre Architects
ingenious structural and environmental engineering:
Atelier One and Atelier Ten

68. BACKGROUND
GARDENS BY THE BAY BRINGS TO LIFE THE NATIONAL PARKS
BOARD SINGAPORE'S VISION OF CREATING A CITY IN A GARDEN.
THE GARDENS CAPTURES THE ESSENCE OF SINGAPORE AS THE
PREMIER TROPICAL GARDEN CITY WITH THE PERFECT
ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH TO LIVE AND WORK - MAKING
SINGAPORE A LEADING GLOBAL CITY OF THE 21ST CENTURY
CONCEPT
THE 54 HECTARE MASTERPLAN
TAKES ITS INSPIRATION FROM
THE ORGANISATION AND
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE ORCHID.
THE ORCHID IS THE NATIONAL
FLOWER OF SINGAPORE AND IS
THE MOST COSMOPOLITAN
SPECIES OF FLOWERING PLANT
IN THE WORLD.
AT THE SAME TIME IT IS
TYPICALLY EPIPHYTIC OR
TRANSIENT IN ITS COLONISATION
OF HABITATS.
Conceptual drawing
Isometric view

69. SUSTAINABILITY EFFORTS
UNDERLYING THE
CONCEPT OF
GARDENS BY THE BAY
ARE THE PRINCIPLES
OF ENVIRONMENTAL
SUSTAINABILITY.
MUCH EFFORT WAS
MADE TO PLAN AND
DESIGN FOR
SUSTAINABLE CYCLES
IN ENERGY AND
WATER
THROUGHOUT BAY
SOUTH GARDEN
Conceptual drawing

70. Conceptual drawing of SUPERTREE GROVE

71. SUSTAINABILITY EFFORTS
UNDERLYING THE CONCEPT OF GARDENS BY THE BAY
ARE THE PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL
SUSTAINABILITY.
MUCH EFFORT WAS MADE TO PLAN AND DESIGN FOR
SUSTAINABLE CYCLES IN ENERGY AND WATER
THROUGHOUT BAY SOUTH GARDEN

72. PROPOSAL
THE GARDENS IS LED BY A MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAM OF PROFESSIONALS WHO HAVE BEEN INVOLVED IN
GREENING OF SINGAPORE AND HAD WORKED ALONGSIDE INTERNATIONAL AND LOCAL EXPERTS TO
DEVELOP THE GARDENS.
IT HAS AN IN-HOUSE TEAM OF SKILLED LANDSCAPE DESIGNERS, HORTICULTURISTS, ARBORISTS,
PLANT HEALTH, GARDEN AND TURF MANAGEMENT EXPERTS, AS WELL AS PLANT RESEARCH AND
BREEDING PROFESSIONALS, WHO LEVERAGE ON THE EXTENSIVE GLOBAL NETWORK OF PLANT SOURCES
CULTIVATED DURING THE DEVELOPMENT DAYS, TO CONTINUOUSLY CURATE AND GROW THE GARDENS.

73. MAJOR DESIGN ASPECT
•Cooled Conservatories house 226,000 plants from
every continent except Antarctica
•1.2 hectare Flower Dome replicates a cool-dry
Mediterranean climate
•Giant flower field with changing seasonal displays
•Raised walkways to explore exotic planting
•0.8 hectare Cloud Forest recreates cool-moist climates
of Tropical Montane regions
•35 metre high epiphyte clad mountain with waterfall
•The Mountain houses galleries and a black box media
exhibition themed around climate change and habitat loss
•Powered sustainably via horticultural waste, efficient de-
humification and thermal stratification

74. FLOWER DOME
IT IS THE LARGEST GLASS GREENHOUSE IN THE
WORLD .
CLOUD FOREST
MOUNTAIN VIEWS SURROUNDED BY DIVERSE
VEGETATION AND HIDDEN FLORAL GEMS.
VIEW OF CLOUD
FOREST
SECTION OF CLOUD FOREST
OCBC SKYWAY
At a height of 22 metres and surrounded by
panoramic vistas of the Gardens and Marina Bay
skyline, 128-metre-long aerial walkway

75. SUPERTREE GROVE
Measuring between 25 and 50 metres tall, iconic tree-
like vertical gardens are designed with large canopies
that provide shade in the day and come alive with an
exhilarating display of light and sound at night
FAR EAST ORGANIZATION CHILDREN'S GARDEN
Have a fun-filled family day with interactive play delights, water play features and educational
programmes in a lush natural setting at Far East Organization Children’s Garden

76. BAY EAST GARDEN
beautiful pavilions, lush wide-open lawns and
elegant palm trees With views of the Marina Bay
skyline
DRAGONFLY & KINGFISHER
LAKES
rich with aquatic life, Dragonfly and Kingfisher
Lakes

77. HERITAGE GARDENS
about Singapore's diverse history and culture,
through the fascinating story of plants in the
Heritage Gardens.
WORLD OF PLANTS
World of Plants about the myriad of tropical
plants and the systems these plants support.

78. THE CANYON
The largest collection of sculptural rocks along a
400-metre-long dragon-shaped trail.
Architect junichi inada brings together more than 60
one-of-a-kind ancient rock forms sourced from
Shandong, china.
SUN PAVILION
The sun pavilion has desert-like landscapes. With
over 1,000 desert plants comprising some 100
different species and varieties

79. ART SCULPTURES
Gardens by the bay is home
to more than 40 sculptures
from around the world.
Featuring unique pieces,
intriguing crafts and stone
works, these sculptures
complement the beauty of the
plant displays and add a new
dimension to the landscape.

80. Peculiarity of project
18 super trees (25-50m high) to act as iconic vertical gardens
Aerial walkway and treetop bar offers unique views of the gardens
Giant cooled conservatories housing plants from Mediterranean and tropical
montane regions of the world
Indoor mountain offering tropical rainforest experience
Spectacular nightly light and sound shows
Heritage gardens reflecting Singapore's cultural links with plants
World of plants gardens showcasing the biodiversity of plant life on our planet
Dragonfly lake and dragonfly bridge
Numerous sculptures and architectural structures
Intelligent environmental infrastructure

81. KLYDE WARREN PARK
DALLAS, TEXAS
2012
JIM BURNETT
20234.3 SQ. M

82. BACKGROUND
The concept of deck park over woodall rodgers freeway
originated when dallas mayor J. Erik jonsson decided to
recess the freeway.
The idea resurfaced in the real estate community and
john zogg began to rally support for the project.
The real estate council provided $1 million grant to fund
feasibility studies and provide staff support during the
incubator stage.
Construction on the deck
The park opened
1960s
2002
2004
2009
2012
PROGRAM
BACKGROUND
• Modern children’s play area
• Water fountains,
• An off-leash dog pen,
• An outdoor reading room,
• Ping pong tables and mini-golf,
• And wide lawns
• The entire park is wheelchair accessible.
The park has ongoing family-
friendly programming and
features. Concerts, markets,
athletic races, and other events
are scheduled throughout the
year

83. CONCEPT
PROPOSAL
• Provide better quality of life.
• An epicenter of activity in the heart of our
city
• Creating an accessible urban park with-out
barriers
• Eliminate the barrier of the highway trench and to
connect uptown and downtown
Construct a deck park over woodall rodgers
freeway
• Connect downtown, uptown and the arts district of
dallas, texas.

84. LAYERS OF DECK PARK
The beams were arranged in
groups of three or more, and
concrete panels were placed
between the beam groups to form
trenches.

85. The café and restaurant use
geothermal energy for
cooling and heating
Space for musical concert
and dance performance
Children play
area
Pedestrian into
the park
Lawn for informal
play and relaxing
space
Lawn for informal
play and relaxing
space
DESIGN APPROCH