Ua mau ke ea o ka `aina i ka pono - The life of the land is preserved in righteousness - Motto of Hawai`i. `Onipa`a - Stand firm - Queen Lili`uokalani He kehau ho`oma`ema`e ke aloha - Love is like a cleansing dew The cleansing power of aloha can soothe and heal. Hurt, pain, and suffering yield to aloha's healing power - Mary Kawena Pukui

1. “Earn your success based on service to others,
not at the expense of others.” - H. Jackson Brown, Jr.
“Be careful of success; it has a dark side.” - Robert Redford
“The negative side of the American Dream comes when people pursue success at any cost,
which in turn destroys the vision and the dream.” - Azar Nafisi
UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI`I AT MĀNOA
UH INSTITUTE FOR ASTRONOMY
“The keys to brand success are self-definition,
transparency, authenticity and accountability.”
- Simon Mainwaring

2. THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI`I – PLANETS
- MOIPPKIA -
Motive, Opportunity, Intent, Plan, Perpetrator, Knowledge, Identity, and Act
New Maui telescope proposed
The observatory would replace an existing facility, but the plan is already attracting opposition
Honolulu Star-Advertiser. November 22, 2016. By Timothy Hurley thurley@staradvertiser.com
The University of Hawaii is proposing another cutting-edge mountaintop astronomy facility — this time
the world’s highest-contrast optical telescope — but instead of creating a new imposing structure like the
Thirty Meter Telescope or the Inouye solar telescope, it would simply replace an old one.
The proposed $4 million PLANETS telescope, billed as the world’s most innovative and powerful
instrument designed to study the atmospheres of planets, including those around other stars, is small
enough to fit snugly into an existing structure that was formerly the University of Chicago Cosmic Ray
Neutron Monitor Station on the Haleakala summit on Maui.
The university last month issued a finding of no significant impact for the PLANETS (Polarized Light
From Atmospheres of Nearby Extra-Terrestrial Systems) telescope after publishing a draft environmental
assessment last summer.
Because no new building would be required, the facility doesn’t appear to carry the same kind of
controversy that plagued the state’s recent astronomy projects; but it could run into resistance
nevertheless.
Kahele Dukelow of Kako‘o Haleakala, the group that organized last year’s opposition to the 140-foot-tall
Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope under construction on Maui’s 10,000-foot summit, said Monday she
disapproves of the effort.
“The continued presence is a desecration,” said Dukelow, assistant professor of Hawaiian studies and
language at University of Hawaii Maui College.
Hundreds of people last year blocked a wide-load delivery of parts and components to the yet-to-be-
completed $340 million Inouye solar telescope, and 20 were arrested in an unsuccessful attempt to
prevent another delivery.
The civil disobedience was inspired by the Hawaii island protests that blocked crews from reaching the
$1.4 billion Thirty Meter Telescope construction site near the top of Mauna Kea that year.
UH officials say the PLANETS telescope will require no wide-load deliveries.
Jeff Kuhn: The UH astronomer and project leader of PLANETS hopes to expand its findings into more
projects

3. The continued presence is a desecration.” Kahele Dukelow Assistant professor of Hawaiian studies and
language, UH Maui College
The proposal, they said, will feature a thin, 1.85-meter mirror specifically designed to fit within an
existing 1,619-square-foot facility with minimal alterations, reducing potential impacts to environmental
and cultural resources.
The existing structure is so small it is dwarfed by neighboring observatories.
“It literally can’t be seen from outside Puu Kolekole,” said Mike Maberry, assistant director of UH’s
Institute for Astronomy. Puu Kolekole is the home of the Haleakala High Altitude Observatories Site,
sometimes called Science City.
Despite its diminutive size and relatively low cost, the PLANETS telescope would offer “unprecedented
scientific capabilities” and “the potential to lead to discoveries in areas related to exoplanet detection,
circumstellar environments, and extrasolar planetary atmospheres,” according to its environmental
assessment.
“No other telescopes currently exist that have these capabilities and are able to provide such a high level
of contrast in low scattered light and during nighttime,” it says.
The telescope is actually a prototype designed to test new, relatively low-cost technologies and
techniques that will eventually be used as the basis for the largest telescope in the world, the 74-meter
Colossus, which is planned to be built in Chile.
The PLANETS Foundation — with partners that include the Institute for Astronomy at Tohoku
University in Japan, the Kiepenheuer Institute for Solar Physics in Germany and the National
Autonomous University of Mexico — aims to prove it’s possible to find life outside our solar system by
the end of the decade.
UH astronomer and project leader Jeff Kuhn said PLANET’s thin “off-axis” mirror would be able to see
the faint atmospheres of Mercury and of Jupiter’s Io moon, and enable optical studies of a small handful
of the nearest and largest gas giant exoplanets.
If everything goes well, Kuhn said, the foundation will use the same technology to build ELF, or Exolife
Finder, combining 16 larger PLANETS mirrors, 5 meters in size, into a hybrid telescope with the
sensitivity to see alien oceans and continents on nearby Proxima Centauri b exoplanet using a technique
called rotational exoplanet imaging.
If that goes to plan, he said, Colossus will be next, featuring 58 8-meter window glass-thin mirrors that
will be combined to enable a “census of life on a few hundred of the nearest habitable-zone exoplanets.”
Expenses for Colossus will be reduced by a factor of 10, in part because the mirrors will be created using
3-D printing, Kuhn said.
If Colossus is a success, an array of Colossus-size telescopes could combine to go even deeper to find life
in the universe, he said.

4. Kuhn said Colossus is at least a decade from becoming reality.
For now the PLANETS telescope would be fitted into a building that was constructed in the mid-1950s as
one of the earliest astronomical observatories on Haleakala. It was known as the Baker-Nunn facility,
which was part of Project Vanguard, one of the nation’s earliest satellite tracking programs.
In 1991 the University of Chicago Cosmic Ray Neutron Monitor Station took over to expand its network
of high-altitude neutron monitor stations. Discontinued in 2004, it has been used since then for storage
and personnel quarters.
Under the PLANETS proposal, the flat portion of the existing roof would be removed and replaced with a
roll-off enclosure less than 7 feet taller than the highest point of the existing roof.
The roll top would allow the roof to roll back and the telescope to be raised for the best observation
without a permanently taller structure. Rails and posts for the roof frame would extend an additional 23
feet from the structure, while the frame would remain within the existing concrete slab.
The telescope would be operated remotely, with no on-site personnel required. About once a week a crew
member or visiting scientist would visit the site to service or manipulate the instrumentation.
According to the environmental document, the telescope would provide educational opportunities in
astronomy and science for local schools.
The university is now seeking a conservation district use permit, allowing it to launch two years of work,
including four months of construction, with a target operational date of January 2019.
____________________
We learned about honesty and integrity - that the truth matters...
that you don't take shortcuts or play by your own set of rules...
and success doesn't count unless you earn it fair and square.
- First Lady Michelle Obama
______________________
MAUNA KEA
A SENSE OF PLACE
FINDING COMMON GROUND
TMT CONSTRUCTION - DECOMISSIONING1 - W.M. KECK OBSERVATORY
1 Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO), Hoku Kea Telescope, United Kingdom Infrared Telescope
(UKIRT), James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT)

5. THE GOOD STEWARD – THE GOOD SHEPHERD
In Hawaii, people often talk about the concept of a “sense of place.” What they’re
really describing is a cultural connection to the land, land that is alive and imbued
with ancestral spirits. Caring for the land as a way to care for one another is at the
heart of what it means to be Hawaiian.
One day, these two notions of the sacred could merge. Hawaii’s sense of place has
never been just about land. It includes streams, ocean, moon, and stars. It is
conceivable to some that the Hawaiian sense of place might someday expand to
include the cosmos as revealed by modern astronomy. A telescope by itself is sacred
to no one. But ON THE RIGHT SUMMIT AT THE RIGHT TIME, it can change
humanity’s place in the universe. The planet’s largest telescope could still be
constructed on the summit of Mauna Kea. Whether this is right, what it ultimately
means for the sacred volcano and all that it represents, is for Hawaiians to decide.
[Emphasis Supplied]
Source: Adrienne LaFrance. What Makes a Volcano Sacred? The Atlantic. October 30, 2015.
http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/10/what-makes-a-volcano-sacred/413203/
Web Accessed: November 19, 2016.
____________________
Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT)
TMT will conduct near-UV, optical, and near-infrared observations of young stellar objects, protoplanetary
disks, and hot, young Jovian planets. The large primary mirror of the telescope and the adaptive optics system
will allow TMT to produce high-resolution images of star and planet formation that include small-scale details
that are unobservable with current telescopes.
Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT)
GMT2 has the same strong science case as TMT, but will be a ~25m telescope in the southern hemisphere.
The main differences between GMT and TMT are shown in the table below.
2 Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT Organization, headquartered in Pasadena, California)

6. Keck Observatory
The Keck Observatory is two 10 meter telescopes located on Mauna Kea, Hawai`i. They have been
operating since 1993 (Keck I) and 1996 (Keck II). The Keck telescopes are two of the largest optical and
infrared telescopes in the world. Scientifically, Keck observations have led to a better understanding of
cosmic reionization, the first galaxies, and characterizing exoplanets.
Source: Courtney Dressing and Josh Fuchs. Guide to Major Telescopes. Web Accessed: November 19, 2016
Astrobites. https://astrobites.org/guides/guide-to-major-telescopes/
______________________
W.M. KECK OBSERVATORY
The history of the Keck design continues to color the field. One of the three teams,
TMT, has directly inherited Keck’s design and many of its team members, including
Nelson. TMT will also share mountaintop space with Keck, on the dormant Mauna Kea
volcano in Hawaii. Its new design is an extension of Keck’s segmented hexagonal
mirror to the 30-meter scale. TMT’s Bolte adds, with not more than the tiniest amount of
relish, that the competing E-ELT3 team developed a similar plan to the TMT/Keck’s, even
without any legacy or institutional inertia pushing it toward one telescope design or another.
Source: Mark Anderson. The Billion-Dollar Telescope Race. Nautilus. March 13, 2014.
http://nautil.us/issue/11/light/the-billion_dollar-telescope-race [Emphasis Supplied]
Web Accessed: November 19, 2016
KECK and TMT – A COMPARISON
3 European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT, headquartered in Garching, Germany).

7. Keck I and II Telescopes
The twin 33-foot (10-meter) telescopes at the W. M. Keck Observatory represent the second
largest optical telescopes on Earth, located close to the summit of Hawaii's Mauna Kea.
Each instrument’s main mirror consists of 36 hexagonal segments that work together.
Keck I became operational in 1993, followed just a few years later by Keck II in 1996. The
combined observatory has helped astronomers examine events such as last year’s impact on
Jupiter. It also deployed the first laser guide star adaptive optics system on a large telescope
in 2004, which creates an artificial star spot as a reference point to correct for atmospheric
distortions when viewing the sky.
Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT)
Another of the next-gen contenders for biggest optical telescope on Earth is the
Thirty Meter Telescope. The $1.4-billion telescope's 98-foot (30-meter) aperture would
allow for more than 9 times the collecting area of the largest optical telescopes such as the
Keck Telescopes, and could provide 12 times sharper resolution than the Hubble Space
Telescope. [Emphasis Supplied]
But TMT and other extremely large optical telescopes would not replace space telescopes.
Hubble's successor, NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, would find targets for Earth-
based giants such as TMT to study in more detail. The Thirty Meter Telescope is slated to
join the Keck Telescopes and other instruments on Mauna Kea in Hawaii and commence
full operations by 2025-2030.
Source: Jeremy Hsu. 10 Biggest Telescopes on Earth: How They Measure Up. Astrobiology
Magazine. December 29, 2011. http://www.space.com/14075-10-biggest-telescopes-earth-
comparison.html Web Accessed: November 19, 2016.
KECK OBSERVATORY - MAUNA KEA - CALTECH - UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
On the isolated big island of Hawaii sit Keck’s twin telescopes, each 10 meters (about 33 ft)
in diameter. When they were built in the early 1990s they became the largest such spans in
the world. Keck’s advanced adaptive optics paved the way for computer-driven mirrors that
can be adjusted multiple times per second to make up for atmospheric disturbances in real
time.
Though the Keck Observatory is more than 15 years old, it has essentially the same
design and setup of the more monstrous telescopes under planning or construction,
says Caltech’s Chuck Steidel, one of the designers of the proposed Thirty Meter Telescope.
“Keck Observatory is the prototype of the next generation,” he told PM. [Emphasis
Supplied]
Source: Andrew Moseman. The 5 Most Powerful Telescopes, and 5 That Will Define the
Future of Astronomy. Popular Mechanics. January 22, 2009. Web Accessed: November 20,
2016. http://www.popularmechanics.com/space/telescopes/a12257/4299775/
_____________________
Space telescopes are hugely expensive for what you get.

8. A good space based telescope can be very valuable to science, but in any subjective measure
of cost effectiveness, flexibility or capability for maintenance and upgrade a large ground
based telescope wins.
Modern ground based telescopes have overcome many of the limitations of peering through
the atmosphere through the use of adaptive optics systems. Keck, Gemini, Subaru and
similarly equipped large telescopes can see more sharply than Hubble using the combination
of a larger mirror and adaptive optics. And these systems are currently being upgraded to
even higher levels of performance.
Keck is scientifically the most productive telescope in the world, or off the world.
More science papers are written based on Keck data than any other telescope in
operation. [Emphasis Supplied]
Source: Andrew. TMT versus Space Based Alternatives. A Darker View. May 30, 2015.
http://darkerview.com/wordpress/?p=15800 Web Accessed: November 20, 2016.
______________________
THE TELESCOPE WAR – THE NEXT GENERATION TELESCOPES
GMT vs TMT
“Founding partners in the GMT project are Astronomy Australia Ltd., the Australian
National University, the Carnegie Institution for Science [The Observatories, Pasadena,
California] Harvard University, the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, the
Smithsonian Institution, Texas A&M University, the University of Arizona, the University of
Chicago, the University of Sao Paolo, and The University of Texas at Austin.”
“The Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) is a project headed by Caltech [Pasadena, California]
and the University of California. In addition to the California universities the consortium
includes Canada, China, India, and Japan.” [Emphasis and Clarification Supplied]
Source: GMT AN INSTRUMENT LIKE NO OTHER - The Giant Magellan Telescope
will be one of the defining instruments in 21st century. University of Texas at Austin.
http://texas.gmto.org/ Web Accessed: November 20, 2016.
_________
We have an unprecedented level of astronomy efforts and space science organizations here
that have been woven into the fabric of our Pasadena community for decades,” Mayor
Tornek [Pasadena Mayor Terry Tornek] said. “Astronomy Week brings them together for
the first time to show our community, and the world, that Pasadena is the center of the
universe for more than the Rose Parade.”
The premier institutions include:
Caltech, www.caltech.edu; Thirty Meter Telescope, www.tmt.org; Infrared Processing and
Analysis Center (IPAC), www.ipac.caltech.edu

9. Carnegie Observatories, www.obs.carnegiescience.edu;
Mt. Wilson Observatory, www.mtwilson.edu;
Giant Magellan Telescope, www.gmto.org
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, www.jpl.nasa.gov
The Planetary Society, www.planetary.org
[Clarification Supplied]
Source: Giant Magellan Telescope. Astronomy Week in Pasadena – October 16-22, 2016.
http://www.gmto.org/2016/09/astronomy-week-in-pasadena-october-16-22-2016/
______________________
THE ESSENCE OF STEWARDSHIP
PRESERVE, PROTECT, MAINTAIN AND RESTORE
“In many ways, we have failed the mountain. Whether you see it from a cultural perspective or
from a natural resource perspective, we have not done right by a very special place and we
must act immediately to change that.” Governor David Ige today announced his proposed way
forward for the stewardship of Mauna Kea, May 26, 2015. [Emphasis Supplied]
Source: http://governor.hawaii.gov/newsroom/news-release-governor-david-ige-announces-major-changes-in-the-stewardship-of-mauna-kea/
____________________
HAWAII’S GOVERNOR PROPOSES TELESCOPE SWAP
A proposed solution to the impasse over construction of the mammoth new Thirty Meter
Telescope (TMT) on Hawaii’s Mauna Kea volcano is less bold than it seems—and
potentially more difficult. The proposal, to dismantle one-quarter of Mauna Kea’s 13 existing
telescopes in return for allowing construction to proceed, would only accelerate vague
existing plans to shutter some of the telescopes. Yet it promises no end of political pain,
forcing researchers from different institutions and countries to compete over which
telescopes to keep alive. And it may not defuse the protests that have blocked the TMT
project.
Mauna Kea’s telescopes come in two types. Nine are optical and infrared (IR) telescopes
housed in swiveling domes, with mirrors ranging from 0.9 to 10 meters in diameter. Four are
dishes or arrays of dishes that collect radio waves and microwaves.
The decommissioning report suggests that only one of the four radio and microwave
facilities would remain by 2033, whereas eight of the nine optical and IR telescopes
would stay.

10. Among the optical and infrared telescopes, the four newest and biggest—Keck I and
Keck II, Japan's 8.3-meter Subaru Telescope, and the international 8.1-meter Gemini
North Telescope—are vital, says Paul Schechter, an astronomer at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology in Cambridge. He served on a recent National Research Council
panel that examined how to optimize the U.S. optical and infrared science program and says
that the four instruments “are things that the people on our committee would be horrified to
see shut down."
In principle, some of the smaller optical telescopes could go without damaging
scientific capabilities, says Robert Lupton, an astronomer at Princeton University. “They
could get down to below 10 [telescopes] with no loss to U.S. astronomy,” he says. But
shuttering the smaller observatories may prove difficult for political reasons.
[Emphasis Supplied]
Source: Adrian Cho and Ilima Loomis. Hawaii’s governor proposes telescope swap. Science.
June 2, 2015. http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/06/hawaii-s-governor-proposes-
telescope-swap Web Accessed: November 20, 2016.
_____
To astronomers, the Thirty Meter Telescope would be a next-generation tool to spy on
planets around other stars or to peer into the cores of ancient galaxies, with an eye sharper
and more powerful than the Hubble Space Telescope, another landmark in humanity’s quest
to understand its origins.
While saying that “we have in manyGov. David Ige has tried to appease both sides.
ways failed the mountain,” he said the Thirty Meter Telescope should go forward, but at
least three other telescopes would have to come down. [Emphasis Supplied]
Source: Dennis Overbye. Under Hawaii’s Starriest Skies, a Fight Over Sacred Ground. New
York Times. October 3, 2016. http://mobile.nytimes.com/2016/10/04/science/hawaii-
thirty-meter-telescope-mauna-kea.html Web Accessed: November 20, 2016.
__________________
UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII
OFFICE OF MAUNAKEA MANAGEMENT
MISSION STATEMENT
“Achieve harmony, balance and trust in the sustainable management and stewardship of the
Maunakea Science Reserve through community involvement and programs that protect,
preserve and enhance the natural, cultural and recreational resources of Maunakea while
providing a world-class center dedicated to education, research and astronomy.”
Source: Stewardship by UH to protect Maunakea for future generations. April 15, 2015. UH News.
http://www.hawaii.edu/news/2015/04/15/stewardship-by-uh-to-protect-maunakea-for-future-generations/

11. A DECADE PLUS OF STEWARDSHIP OF MAUNAKEA
Stephanie Nagata, Director, Office of Maunakea Management
Our mission is to achieve harmony, balance and trust in the sustainable management and
stewardship of the Mauna Kea Science Reserve through community involvement and
programs that protect, preserve and enhance the natural, cultural and recreational resources
of Maunakea while providing a world-class center dedicated to education, research and
astronomy.
Achieving harmony, balance and trust is challenging given wide-ranging cultural, scientific
and community interests coupled with the turbulence we’ve all witnessed, but WE
CONTINUE OUR FOCUS ON DOING WHAT’S RIGHT FOR MAUNAKEA.
The 2009 Mauna Kea Comprehensive Management Plan, and its four sub plans
focusing on the management of cultural [1] and natural resources [2],
decommissioning of telescopes [3], and public access [4], guide us on our path
moving forward. These management plans were approved after an open and transparent
public process that included extensive consultation with many stakeholders.
[Emphasis Supplied]
Source: Stephanie Nagata. A Decade Plus of Stewardship of Mauna Kea. University of
Hawaii, Office of Mauna Kea Management. July 8, 2016. Web Accessed: November 20,
2016. http://www.hawaii.edu/news/2016/06/08/a-decade-plus-of-stewardship-of-
maunakea/
◊◊◊ PONO ◊◊◊