This document discusses the classification and breeding of dog breeds. It begins by providing a brief history of dogs and their domestication from wolves. It then discusses the classification of dog breeds into groups such as exotic companion breeds, working dogs, and hunting dogs. Specific examples of popular breeds are given for each group. The document also covers factors to consider for breed selection like purpose, housing, and health. Key details about the characteristics and origins of over a dozen specific popular breeds are provided. The conclusion discusses considerations for dog breeding such as age, size matching, and different systems for breeding.
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The Muscular dog breeds make an excellent companion as well as a guard dog. These dogs are brave enough to start up a fight and muscular enough to attract.
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dog breeders german shepherd dog breeders golden retrieverdog breeders bangalore dog breeders delhi dog breeders in delhi dog breeders in kerala dog breeders mumbai dog breeders pune dog breeders hyderabaddog breeders kolkata dog breeders in punjab dog breeders for sale dog breeders in noida how to find dog breeders dog breeders chandigarh
where to find dog breeders near me d dog breeds dog german shepherd add dog names small dog breeds papillon breed german shepherd mix puppies puppies for sale german shepherd puppies golden retriever puppies rottweiler puppies french bulldog puppies
At the shows this kind of dog is constantly at the head of the class. He is considered the most manageable, and is surely the most light-footed. Second to this kind in favor is the smooth-covered assortment, a hard, helpful dog.
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dog kennels dog breeder dog breeders in india dog breeders near me dog breeders labrador
dog breeders german shepherd dog breeders golden retrieverdog breeders bangalore dog breeders delhi dog breeders in delhi dog breeders in kerala dog breeders mumbai dog breeders pune dog breeders hyderabaddog breeders kolkata dog breeders in punjab dog breeders for sale dog breeders in noida how to find dog breeders dog breeders chandigarh
where to find dog breeders near me d dog breeds dog german shepherd add dog names small dog breeds papillon breed german shepherd mix puppies puppies for sale german shepherd puppies golden retriever puppies rottweiler puppies french bulldog puppies
dog kennels dog breeder dog breeders in india dog breeders near me dog breeders labrador
dog breeders german shepherd dog breeders golden retrieverdog breeders bangalore dog breeders delhi dog breeders in delhi dog breeders in kerala dog breeders mumbai dog breeders pune dog breeders hyderabaddog breeders kolkata dog breeders in punjab dog breeders for sale dog breeders in noida how to find dog breeders dog breeders chandigarh
where to find dog breeders near me d dog breeds dog german shepherd add dog names small dog breeds papillon breed german shepherd mix puppies puppies for sale german shepherd puppies golden retriever puppies rottweiler puppies french bulldog puppies
dog kennels dog breeder dog breeders in india dog breeders near me dog breeders labrador
dog breeders german shepherd dog breeders golden retrieverdog breeders bangalore dog breeders delhi dog breeders in delhi dog breeders in kerala dog breeders mumbai dog breeders pune dog breeders hyderabaddog breeders kolkata dog breeders in punjab dog breeders for sale dog breeders in noida how to find dog breeders dog breeders chandigarh
where to find dog breeders near me d dog breeds dog german shepherd add dog names small dog breeds papillon breed german shepherd mix puppies puppies for sale german shepherd puppies golden retriever puppies rottweiler puppies french bulldog puppies
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
dog kennels dog breeder dog breeders in india dog breeders near me dog breeders labrador
dog breeders german shepherd dog breeders golden retrieverdog breeders bangalore dog breeders delhi dog breeders in delhi dog breeders in kerala dog breeders mumbai dog breeders pune dog breeders hyderabaddog breeders kolkata dog breeders in punjab dog breeders for sale dog breeders in noida how to find dog breeders dog breeders chandigarh
where to find dog breeders near me d dog breeds dog german shepherd add dog names small dog breeds papillon breed german shepherd mix puppies puppies for sale german shepherd puppies golden retriever puppies rottweiler puppies french bulldog puppies
dog kennels dog breeder dog breeders in india dog breeders near me dog breeders labrador
dog breeders german shepherd dog breeders golden retrieverdog breeders bangalore dog breeders delhi dog breeders in delhi dog breeders in kerala dog breeders mumbai dog breeders pune dog breeders hyderabaddog breeders kolkata dog breeders in punjab dog breeders for sale dog breeders in noida how to find dog breeders dog breeders chandigarh
where to find dog breeders near me d dog breeds dog german shepherd add dog names small dog breeds papillon breed german shepherd mix puppies puppies for sale german shepherd puppies golden retriever puppies rottweiler puppies french bulldog puppies.
The Muscular dog breeds make an excellent companion as well as a guard dog. These dogs are brave enough to start up a fight and muscular enough to attract.
dog kennels dog breeder dog breeders in india dog breeders near me dog breeders labrador
dog breeders german shepherd dog breeders golden retrieverdog breeders bangalore dog breeders delhi dog breeders in delhi dog breeders in kerala dog breeders mumbai dog breeders pune dog breeders hyderabaddog breeders kolkata dog breeders in punjab dog breeders for sale dog breeders in noida how to find dog breeders dog breeders chandigarh
where to find dog breeders near me d dog breeds dog german shepherd add dog names small dog breeds papillon breed german shepherd mix puppies puppies for sale german shepherd puppies golden retriever puppies rottweiler puppies french bulldog puppies
At the shows this kind of dog is constantly at the head of the class. He is considered the most manageable, and is surely the most light-footed. Second to this kind in favor is the smooth-covered assortment, a hard, helpful dog.
dog kennels dog breeder dog breeders in india dog breeders near me dog breeders labrador
dog breeders german shepherd dog breeders golden retrieverdog breeders bangalore dog bremix puppies puppies for sale german shepherd puppies golden retriever puppies rottweiler puppies frenceders delhi dog breeders in delhi dog breeders in kerala dog breeders mumbai dog breeders pune dog breeders hyderabaddog breeders kolkata dog breeders in punjab dog breeders for sale dog breeders in noida how to find dog breeders dog breeders chandigarh
where to find dog breeders near me d dog breeds dog german shepherd add dog names small dog breeds papillon breed german shepherd h bulldog puppies
dog kennels dog breeder dog breeders in india dog breeders near me dog breeders labrador
dog breeders german shepherd dog breeders golden retrieverdog breeders bangalore dog breeders delhi dog breeders in delhi dog breeders in kerala dog breeders mumbai dog breeders pune dog breeders hyderabaddog breeders kolkata dog breeders in punjab dog breeders for sale dog breeders in noida how to find dog breeders dog breeders chandigarh
where to find dog breeders near me d dog breeds dog german shepherd add dog names small dog breeds papillon breed german shepherd mix puppies puppies for sale german shepherd puppies golden retriever puppies rottweiler puppies french bulldog puppies
dog kennels dog breeder dog breeders in india dog breeders near me dog breeders labrador
dog breeders german shepherd dog breeders golden retrieverdog breeders bangalore dog breeders delhi dog breeders in delhi dog breeders in kerala dog breeders mumbai dog breeders pune dog breeders hyderabaddog breeders kolkata dog breeders in punjab dog breeders for sale dog breeders in noida how to find dog breeders dog breeders chandigarh
where to find dog breeders near me d dog breeds dog german shepherd add dog names small dog breeds papillon breed german shepherd mix puppies puppies for sale german shepherd puppies golden retriever puppies rottweiler puppies french bulldog puppies
dog kennels dog breeder dog breeders in india dog breeders near me dog breeders labrador
dog breeders german shepherd dog breeders golden retrieverdog breeders bangalore dog breeders delhi dog breeders in delhi dog breeders in kerala dog breeders mumbai dog breeders pune dog breeders hyderabaddog breeders kolkata dog breeders in punjab dog breeders for sale dog breeders in noida how to find dog breeders dog breeders chandigarh
where to find dog breeders near me d dog breeds dog german shepherd add dog names small dog breeds papillon breed german shepherd mix puppies puppies for sale german shepherd puppies golden retriever puppies rottweiler puppies french bulldog puppies
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
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Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
1. By: Dr. R R K Sinha
Classification of breeds and breeding of Dogs
2. History of Dogs
• In family Canidae
• Direct descendents of the wolf.
• Dog’s scientific name – Canis familiaris
• Domestication a few 1,000 years ago
• More than 228 pure breeds are available
• More than 100 mixed breeds
3. Characteristics of Dogs
Size :
• Height 6 inches to 40 inches at the shoulder
• Life expectancy 9 to 15 years, some 20 years
• Small dogs live longer than large dogs
Common traits:
• Shed hair once a year
• Non-retractable claws
• 42 adult teeth
• Pointed canine teeth
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13. Breeds and Breeding
Dog Breeds:
As that of other Livestock dog breeds are also classified
on the basis of utility, Origin, Size of body, Behaviour
and Morphology.
They can be classified into two main groups:
1. Exotic breeds
2. Indian breeds
14. Exotic breeds: -
These can be categorised as follows:
Companion Dogs (Toy breeds): e.g. :
Pomeranian Poodle Dalmatian
Chihuahua Bull Dog
16. Hunting Dogs: These can be Further divided into 4
important sub-groups depending on their
morphology and behaviour.
1. Grey Hounds: Due to their faster speed of
running they are used for hunting.
e.g.-
Afghan Hound
17. Tracking Dogs: Dogs are used for mountainous
tracking.
e.g.-
Fox Hound Beagle Basset Hound
18. Gun Dogs: They are used for bird shooting, sports
etc. e.g.-
Cocker Spanid
Golden Retriever
German Pointer
19. Terrier Dogs: They are used for hunting animals
living under ground. e.g.
Australian terrier Bull terrier
Fox terrier
20. Indian Breeds: There are many types of dogs in
India in the form of domestication, semi
domestication and most of them are kept as pets
in rural and urban areas. e.g.
Bhutia Himalayan Sheep dog
22. Breed Choice (Selection of dog):
Following few points can be given importance
during breed choice.
1. Objective of dog keeping: - Choosing a right
breed depending on purpose of dog keeping.
Small breeds are suitable for companions, Large
dogs are good for protection, long and slender
dogs are best for hunting.
2. Eating habits of family: - Heavy and Hunting
breeds are suitable for Non-Vegetarian families
whereas companion and local dogs can easily be
maintained by vegetarian families.
23. 3. Liking of pets: - A pet dog should be known to
all members of family, close friends and
relatives and vice-versa.
4. Housing facilities:- Large aggressive, ferocious
dogs require separate housing unlike friendly &
toy breeds which can be easily paced in house.
24. Health and physical status:
The following points should be considered to select
healthy and physically fit pup-
• Pup should be an active, alert and curious.
• It should have clear, bright and healthy eyes. They
should be free from inflammation or lacrimation or
discharge.
• The nose should also be free from any discharge,
redness or fungal growth.
• The ear should not have any bad odour, crusts,
eczematous patches and should be clean.
• It should have pink and firm gums.
• The fair coat should be free from parasitic
infestation and have glossy, lustrous and clean.
25. • The skin should be little mist and free from scales
and the skin in the region of axilla, groin and
ventral surface of body should not have any
inflammatory areas.
• It should be free from ticks & inflammatory areas
specially in the claws, foot pads and grooves
between the toes.
• Pups should be in sound physical conditions in
respect of all body organs intact with proper
placement and function.
• Temp., Pulse & Respiration should be normal to
indicate good health.
• Urine & faeces should be normal.
26. Some important Dog breeds:
1. Alsatian (German Shepherd): -
- Dog is from Germany.
- The dog has double coat
having glossy & smooth hairs
- The under coat is protective against cold.
- The colour is normally black & brown, black & white.
- Avg. Height of male is 65 to 70cm and 50 to 60cm in
females.
- The body wt. Ranges from 25 to 35kg, ears are large &
erect. The animal is well muscled with strong and
long neck.
- It has long hairy tail with little curve at the tip
extending upto the hock.
27. 2. Afghan Hound: -
- The dog is from Afghanistan
and Egypt.
- They are hairy animals having
different colours like dark brown, mixed white
with brownish black face.
- The average height of male is around 65 to 70cm
& 62 to 65cm in females.
- The body wt. Ranges from 22 to 30kg.
- The ears are long, hairy and droopy whereas neck
is long and strong.
28. 3. Bull Dog: -
- Breed is from England.
- It has Blocky & compact body
with wide & heavy head with
wrinkled face. Nose is short, spread & black. The
jaws are square and broad.
- Body hair coat is fine, smooth & short with
colours of red, fawn, yellow & white. The tail is
thick at the root & tapering at the tip & short.
- The average height ranges from 35 to 40cm with
body weight of 20 to 25 kg.
29. 4. Chihuahua: -
- The origin of dog is in Mexico &
perhaps smallest dog in the
world.
- with height of 12 to 15cm and body weight of 1 to
2 kg.
- It has smooth and short body coat of various
colour.
30. 5. Dalmatian: -
- The origin is in Dalmatia of Austria.
- It is a distinctively spotted, strong
Muscular and active dog.
- The head is free from wrinkles.
Muzzle is long and powerful.
- The nose is black or brown depending on variety. Eyes
are medium size, round, bright & sparkling with
intelligent expression.
- The background colour is pure white with either
dense black or liver brown spots. Hair coat is short,
dense, hard and glossy.
- The dog height of 55 to 61cm with 20 to 25kg Wt.
31. 6. Doberman Pinscher: -
- Native of Germany.
- Colour is mostly black, brown or
Chocolate with light coloured
extremities.
- Hair coat is smooth, short, thick and glossy.
- Tail is usually docked in early life leaving 2 to 3cm
stump behind.
- Body weight ranges from 25 to 35 kg with a
height of 60 to 70 cm.
32. 7. Great Dane: -
- Origin is in Germany.
- A big, powerful, well built,
Smooth coated dog with
distinguished rectangular shaped head, small
ears and long tail. The muzzle is also square with
a distinct lip furrow.
- The colour is light brown, whole black, white
with blue or black patches.
- The height is normally 71 to 80 cm with body
weight ranging from 55 to 60 kg.
33. 8. Irish Setter: -
- The dog is native of Ireland.
- Its popular name is show dog
also known as Aristocrat of dog breeds.
- Head is long, lean with oval shaped skull.
- The colour is dark brown or golden.
- The height ranges in between 62.5 to 68.5 cm
along with weight of 27 to 32 kg.
34. 9. Pomeranian: -
- The dog is from Poland.
- It is a toy breed.
- The outer coat is straight
coarse and long whereas inner coat is woolly and
thick.
- The dog is totally white in colour.
- Ears are small and erect.
- Body weight is 1.5 to 1.8 kg having a height of 15
to 30 cm.
35. 10.Pointer: -
- The animal is native of Spain.
- It is active with muscular and
compact body having broad
chest.
- Hair coat is smooth, fine and short.
- The animal has various colour like orange, black
and white and sometimes whole black.
- Ears are medium size, tail is long, smooth and
carried straight in the line of back.
- Body weight ranges from 25 to 30 kg with a
height of 60 to 65 cm.
36. 11.Retriever: -
- It is a Labrador variety found
in USA.
- It is a companion as well as
Gun dog.
- Medium sized, thick, coated, compactly built with
small ears and long tail.
- Nose is broad, well opened. Eyes clearly yellow in
colour.
- Colour is black or admixture of brown and black,
chocolate or yellow.
- Weight ranges from 25 to 36 kg, height is 52 to 65
cm.
37. 12.Pashmi : -
- The dog was originally brought
to India from Iran & because
of its Persian origin it is called
as Pashmi.
- The dog is famous for its speed and hunting.
- It has narrow body, long legs, powerful built up with
boldness and strong will.
- The colour is mixture of fawn and white.
- Ears are drooping with full of hairs.
- The body has a capacity to stretch, contract, bend
and release motions like rubber band.
- The body Wt. Ranges from 20-25kg & ht. Of 50-60
cm.
38. 13.Rampur Hound: -
- Native of India, mostly found in
North-Indian states like U.P.,
Bihar, M.P., Rajasthan etc.
- Body is slender, narrow, strong built.
- The coat is short close to skin, rough, having
brown, fawn or admixture of both colours.
- Ears are small, half erect and curved.
- The body weight ranges from 30 to 40 kg with a
height of 45 to 60 cm.
39. 14.Rajapalayam: -
- The dog has origin at
Rajapalayam village in Kerala
which afterward bred in T.N.
and Karnataka to transfer into hunting dog.
- The dog has long and slender body with broad
chest and narrow waist.
- Colour is dull white with short and dense coat.
- The body weight ranges from 35 to 40 kg with a
height of 60 to 75 cm.
40. Dog Breeding: -
1. Breeding age of male is 1½ years and for female
is 1 year.
2. As far as possible the size of male and female
should match for efficient mating.
3. Dog have 39 pairs of chromosomes.
4. Breeding of dogs is very important and difficult
task because of too many breeds and varieties
and non-avialability of potential, healthy and
matching size males in time.
5. Usually Inbreeding, line breeding and out
breeding/ out crossing are systems of choice with
avoiding inbreeding of too close relatives.