This document contains questions and answers about government and economics topics related to Africa. It discusses forms of government like oligarchy, federalism, and parliamentary systems. It also addresses issues such as literacy rates, choosing government leaders, how conflicts can lead to problems like famine, the impact of civil wars on healthcare, examples of human capital and infrastructure, characteristics of mixed economies, how trade benefits economies, natural resources and GDP in countries like Nigeria and South Africa, and the role of "blood diamonds" in funding civil wars in Africa.

1. Government and
Economics of Africa

2. QUESTION
Who are the decision
makers in an oligarchy?

3. ANSWER
A group of powerful
people

4. QUESTION
Who holds the most
power in a FEDERAL
system of government?

5. ANSWER
The power is SHARED
between different levels
of government

6. QUESTION
Who chooses the leader
in a PARLIAMENTARY
form of government?

7. ANSWER
The legislature, or
parliament, chooses the
prime minister.

8. QUESTION
Why do individual voters
have more power in a
democracy than they do
in an autocracy?

9. ANSWER
The people play a role in
deciding who rules.

10. QUESTION
Kenya and South Africa
are both called
“republics”. What does
this say about their
government?

11. ANSWER
They both elect
representatives to vote on
laws.

12. QUESTION
South Sudan finally
separated from northern
Sudan and declared
independence. What was
the major social conflict
leading to this division?

13. ANSWER
Religious conflicts
between the Muslim
north and the non-Muslim
south.

14. QUESTION
Why are literacy rates for
girls generally lower than
those for boys ?

15. ANSWER
Traditional beliefs are
that girls should be
married instead of
educated.

16. QUESTION
How is the President of
South Africa chosen?

17. ANSWER
He is elected by the
national assembly.

18. QUESTION
How do political conflicts
sometimes lead to
famine?

19. ANSWER
Conflicts disrupt farming
so little food ends up
being produced.

20. QUESTION
The infection rate of
HIV/AIDS in sub-saharan
Africa is among the highest
in the world. What effect do
civil wars have on the
treatment of AIDS patients?

21. ANSWER
Civil wars disrupt the
distribution of medicine.

22. QUESTION
Education, training, and
healthcare are all
examples of what?

23. ANSWER
Human capital.

24. QUESTION
Roads bridges, schools,
and communication
systems are examples of
what?

25. ANSWER
Infrastructure.

26. QUESTION
Why are most modern
economies referred to as
“mixed” economies?

27. ANSWER
They have aspects of all
three economic types in
their economies.

28. QUESTION
How does voluntary trade
help the economy?

29. ANSWER
It encourages
specialization and means
more profit.

30. QUESTION
Nigeria currently exports
large quantities of this
natural resource, and the
GDP is greatly dependent
on the production of
which resource?

31. ANSWER
OIL.

32. QUESTION
What does South Africa
specialize in?

33. ANSWER
Gold and diamond
mining.

34. QUESTION
What are the profits from
diamonds used for in
many African countries?
This is where the term
“blood diamonds” comes
from.

35. ANSWER
The profits fund guns and
supplies for the civil wars.
This is why the money
does not go back to the
people.

36. QUESTION
How does a high tariff
help the people in the
country selling the same
goods?

37. ANSWER
Local producers would be
able to sell their goods
since it would be cheaper
than imported goods.