This document provides an agenda for a WFWP Europe conference on "Concluding the UNESCO Decade of a Culture of Peace: New Alliances to fulfil MDG 3" to be held in Paris from June 5-7, 2009. The conference will address forging new alliances to end violence against women and trafficking, and discuss women's role in peacebuilding and the family. It will feature panels on partnerships between men/women and UN/NGOs, and women's dignity through history. The agenda includes registration, forums, workshops, awards and a resolution to propose actions for the second decade of the Culture of Peace.
This document provides guidelines for etiquette when using wikis in the classroom. It recommends that students (1) never post personal information or details about others, (2) be respectful in interactions and avoid hurtful comments, and (3) carefully evaluate the reliability of information by considering the author's credentials, date of publication, and potential biases. Students are also told to report any inappropriate content to their teacher rather than responding directly.
CFSGAM Presentation - Yarra Valley Water Breakfast seriesNEXTDC
This case studies describes how Colonial First State Global Asset Managet turned the Grand Plaza Shopping Centre in Browns Plains QLD into the first shopping centre in the country to achieve a NABERS Energy and Water rating.
WFWPI & Global Peace Women's Network, October 2013 in LondonElisabeth Riedl
The document summarizes the itinerary and sessions of the 13th WFWP International Leader's Workshop held from October 7-10, 2013 in London and at the UK Houses of Parliament. The workshop focused on finding visions and strategies to build a culture of peace through women's empowerment, networking, and addressing violence against women and families. Session 1 at the Houses of Parliament discussed innovative strategies for peace and human development, and included short welcome words from a UK MP and presentations from the WFWP president and other leaders. Session 2 addressed prevention, protection and provision for women against all forms of violence, with speakers from the WFWP UN office and leaders from Spain, Asia, and Poland.
The document provides an annual report for WFWP Europe. It summarizes activities from October 28th to November 1st, 2011, including leadership workshops, chapter activities across European countries, and collaborations with organizations like the UN. Key events focused on women's rights, culture of peace education, and commemorating international days related to gender equality, humanitarianism, and interfaith harmony.
WFWP Europe is committed to promoting gender equality and women's empowerment in line with Millennium Development Goal 3. They organize conferences, projects, and educational programs to encourage development toward meeting this goal in all areas of life. Their activities aim to recognize the value of each individual and advance women for peace and security.
This document provides an agenda and logistical information for the WFWP Europe Conference taking place from May 27-29, 2011 in San Lorenzo del El Escorial, Spain. The conference will focus on the themes of human rights, dignity, and building partnerships for peace. The agenda includes opening remarks, sessions on gender differences, dignity in relationships, and partnerships for conflict resolution. There will be a panel on building caring partnerships through peace initiatives and social projects. Accommodations and registration details are provided.
The document provides a summary of activities carried out by WFWP Europe in 2010, including conferences, commemorative events, and service projects. Some of the key events mentioned are the WFWP Europe Conference in Dresden emphasizing women's empowerment, cosponsoring various UN days focusing on issues like violence against women, and humanitarian projects in countries like Kenya, Cambodia and Burkina Faso. Various European chapters also held local events and commemorations.
This document provides guidelines for etiquette when using wikis in the classroom. It recommends that students (1) never post personal information or details about others, (2) be respectful in interactions and avoid hurtful comments, and (3) carefully evaluate the reliability of information by considering the author's credentials, date of publication, and potential biases. Students are also told to report any inappropriate content to their teacher rather than responding directly.
CFSGAM Presentation - Yarra Valley Water Breakfast seriesNEXTDC
This case studies describes how Colonial First State Global Asset Managet turned the Grand Plaza Shopping Centre in Browns Plains QLD into the first shopping centre in the country to achieve a NABERS Energy and Water rating.
WFWPI & Global Peace Women's Network, October 2013 in LondonElisabeth Riedl
The document summarizes the itinerary and sessions of the 13th WFWP International Leader's Workshop held from October 7-10, 2013 in London and at the UK Houses of Parliament. The workshop focused on finding visions and strategies to build a culture of peace through women's empowerment, networking, and addressing violence against women and families. Session 1 at the Houses of Parliament discussed innovative strategies for peace and human development, and included short welcome words from a UK MP and presentations from the WFWP president and other leaders. Session 2 addressed prevention, protection and provision for women against all forms of violence, with speakers from the WFWP UN office and leaders from Spain, Asia, and Poland.
The document provides an annual report for WFWP Europe. It summarizes activities from October 28th to November 1st, 2011, including leadership workshops, chapter activities across European countries, and collaborations with organizations like the UN. Key events focused on women's rights, culture of peace education, and commemorating international days related to gender equality, humanitarianism, and interfaith harmony.
WFWP Europe is committed to promoting gender equality and women's empowerment in line with Millennium Development Goal 3. They organize conferences, projects, and educational programs to encourage development toward meeting this goal in all areas of life. Their activities aim to recognize the value of each individual and advance women for peace and security.
This document provides an agenda and logistical information for the WFWP Europe Conference taking place from May 27-29, 2011 in San Lorenzo del El Escorial, Spain. The conference will focus on the themes of human rights, dignity, and building partnerships for peace. The agenda includes opening remarks, sessions on gender differences, dignity in relationships, and partnerships for conflict resolution. There will be a panel on building caring partnerships through peace initiatives and social projects. Accommodations and registration details are provided.
The document provides a summary of activities carried out by WFWP Europe in 2010, including conferences, commemorative events, and service projects. Some of the key events mentioned are the WFWP Europe Conference in Dresden emphasizing women's empowerment, cosponsoring various UN days focusing on issues like violence against women, and humanitarian projects in countries like Kenya, Cambodia and Burkina Faso. Various European chapters also held local events and commemorations.
Practical Aspects Of The Campaign And Results Of Previous ConferencesElisabeth Riedl
Empowering women to create alliances for a culture of peace, fulfilling MDG # 3:
Promoting gender equality and empowering women.
May 21st --May 23rd in Dresden
The document summarizes a parallel event at the 54th session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women discussing good practices to achieve the UN Millennium Development Goal of promoting gender equality and empowering women. It provides details on panelists and topics from NGOs focusing on education, income generation, and women's empowerment projects. It also describes the Women's Federation for World Peace in Europe's work promoting women's dignity and a culture of peace through conferences, campaigns, and educational materials.
The document discusses the WFWP Europe Project which aims to educate women about dignity through seminars across Germany. It began in 2002 in response to a new law treating prostitution as a legitimate profession. Seminars were held discussing the meaning of dignity and empowering women. The project later expanded across Europe to raise awareness of issues affecting women's dignity such as sexual exploitation, trafficking, and violence.
This document discusses the importance of promoting women's dignity and equality. It outlines how women have historically faced degradation and loss of dignity. Key points include:
- Women's roles have been distorted over time, reducing them mainly to sexual objects.
- Many influential philosophers and societies established patriarchal views that saw women as inferior.
- The women's movement has helped restore awareness of women's inherent dignity and rights.
- Ongoing educational efforts are needed to address issues that continue to violate women's dignity, such as media misrepresentation, domestic violence, and human trafficking.
This document discusses peace building and non-violent education. It mentions events held in 2006, 2007, and 2008 to promote peace. It also lists the contact information for the International Coalition for the Decade for the Promotion of a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World. The document proposes an international declaration on children's right to violence-free education and peace education. It lists honorary board members and six principles of a manifesto to promote non-violence.
The document summarizes the work of Women's Federation for World Peace (WFWP) Europe in 2008 to promote the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. It discusses WFWP projects focused on women's empowerment, education, peacebuilding, and partnerships. Key activities included conferences on gender equality and human dignity, sisterhood relationships between women's organizations, and community initiatives in several European countries to support education and humanitarian causes.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Practical Aspects Of The Campaign And Results Of Previous ConferencesElisabeth Riedl
Empowering women to create alliances for a culture of peace, fulfilling MDG # 3:
Promoting gender equality and empowering women.
May 21st --May 23rd in Dresden
The document summarizes a parallel event at the 54th session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women discussing good practices to achieve the UN Millennium Development Goal of promoting gender equality and empowering women. It provides details on panelists and topics from NGOs focusing on education, income generation, and women's empowerment projects. It also describes the Women's Federation for World Peace in Europe's work promoting women's dignity and a culture of peace through conferences, campaigns, and educational materials.
The document discusses the WFWP Europe Project which aims to educate women about dignity through seminars across Germany. It began in 2002 in response to a new law treating prostitution as a legitimate profession. Seminars were held discussing the meaning of dignity and empowering women. The project later expanded across Europe to raise awareness of issues affecting women's dignity such as sexual exploitation, trafficking, and violence.
This document discusses the importance of promoting women's dignity and equality. It outlines how women have historically faced degradation and loss of dignity. Key points include:
- Women's roles have been distorted over time, reducing them mainly to sexual objects.
- Many influential philosophers and societies established patriarchal views that saw women as inferior.
- The women's movement has helped restore awareness of women's inherent dignity and rights.
- Ongoing educational efforts are needed to address issues that continue to violate women's dignity, such as media misrepresentation, domestic violence, and human trafficking.
This document discusses peace building and non-violent education. It mentions events held in 2006, 2007, and 2008 to promote peace. It also lists the contact information for the International Coalition for the Decade for the Promotion of a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World. The document proposes an international declaration on children's right to violence-free education and peace education. It lists honorary board members and six principles of a manifesto to promote non-violence.
The document summarizes the work of Women's Federation for World Peace (WFWP) Europe in 2008 to promote the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. It discusses WFWP projects focused on women's empowerment, education, peacebuilding, and partnerships. Key activities included conferences on gender equality and human dignity, sisterhood relationships between women's organizations, and community initiatives in several European countries to support education and humanitarian causes.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
Unesco 2009 05 08[1]
1. Arrival from Friday evening
WFWPI Vice-President
Centres Internationaux de Séjour de Paris Europe ; UK
CISP Maurice Ravel, T. Martina Coombs
6 rue Maurice Ravel, +44 208 240 0189 +44 790 526 2840
wfwpi_tmc@yahoo.co.uk
75012 Paris
WFWPI Secretary General
http://www.cisp.fr Europe; Austria
Fee: 120 Euros including sightseeing NGO Rep, Vienna
Elisabeth Riedl
+43 662 620852 +43 650-885 1988
Concluding the
Registration until May 5h 2009 wfwpeurope@gmail.com, UNESCO Decade of
UNESCO Decade of a
Secretary General Intra-Europe
Euro. Membership Secy
the Culture of Peace:
Culture of Peace:
Name: Germany
Ann Schaffner+49 761 303 49
New Alliances to fulfil
Address:
Telephone number:
wfwpschaffner@web.de MDG 3
Email: Treasurer
Passport No.: Netherlands
Nobuko Bruins +31 263 336 579
Nationality: Nobuko.bruins@12move.nl
WFWPI UN Deputy Director,
Please register with your Geneva, Switzerland
Carolyn Handschin
Country WFWP Chapter. +41 217 288 812
wfwpi_ch@swissonline.ch WFWP Europe
Country chapters please register with
WFWPI NGO Rep.
Vienna, Austria
Invites you to a
Maria Riehl Conference in Paris,
+43 1 66 741 46 +43 650 667 4146
Brigitte Wada: +33 170272816, +33 621 544001 maria@riehl.at June 5th -7th 2009
brigittewada@hotmail.com WFWPI NGO Rep.,
Rome, Italy
Hosted by WFWP France
Maria Gabriella Mieli +39 0116 272782
Enquiries Elisabeth Riedl wfwpitaliamieli@hotmail.com
+43 650 885 1988 wfwpeu.office@gmail.com Euro Education Director
Germany
http://www.livingdignity.eu/ Ingrid Lindemann +49 934 283 012
ingridLindemann@aol.com
“I call on men around the world to lead by example:
to make clear that violence against women is an act Let us bring back to full,
perpetrated by a coward, and that speaking up against human awareness the
it is a badge of honour. original value and the original
I call on Member States around the world: the beauty of woman! WFWP Europe
responsibility, above all, lies with you. I call on all of you
to pledge with me: United We Shall Succeed.”
www.wfwp.org
Statement by Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon
launching global campaign to end violence against women,
25 February 2008
WFWPI in General Consultative Status ECOSOC/DPI. Member UN/NGO
Committee on Status of Women NY, Geneva, Vienna, Crime Committee
2. Friday, 5th June 2009
Panel 1: Forging New Alliances 16:25 Living our dignity: the experts
16:30—17:30 Registration
Men against violence against women
Spring: A student’s perspective
Moderation: Ms. Erika Ortner Mr. Chris Green, White Ribbon Campaign
Initiator UK Summer: A working woman’s perspective
18:00 Forum
Men — Women Alliance Autumn: A retired woman’s perspective
Welcome Culture of Peace
Sabine Le Blanc, Vice-President—Unité & Three Generation Discussion
Representative
Constraints to Human Dignity to Diversité, Girls@Work, France
18:00 Saturday conference ends officially
Foster the Culture of Peace:
UN, NGOs, and Governments Alliance
Trafficking for sexual exploitation 18:30 Dinner
Ms Carolyn Handschin, WFWPI
Amelie James Koh Bela UN Deputy Director, Geneva
President Mayina 19:45 Bus & boat trip, Bateau Mouche,
Sightseeing
Swan Falandry Peace building
Groupe International de Paroles de Peace meetings/UN Peace Day
Femmes (G.I.P.F ) 23:00 Approximate Return
Patricia Earle, WFWP-UK President Rep.
Stalking Elisabeth Riedl, WFWPI Board Member
Dr Maria Chiara Forcella
Ministry of Health, Padua 10:20 Coffee Sunday, June 7th 2009
19:45 Dinner 11:00 Working groups 7:30 Breakfast & check out
12:00 Summary presentations
9:00 Closing session
th 12:20 Peace Ambassador Awards
Saturday 6 June 2009 Regional Highlights, country reports
7:30 Breakfast 12:30 Lunch
10:15 Coffee
9:00 Opening remarks Panel 2:Ethical challenge for women
WFWP France President 10:30 Paris Resolution
14:00 Women as a Pivotal Point in the Family
Mrs Brigitte Wada Mag. Maria Neuberger-Schmidt, Austria UN/UNESCO:
Paradigm change in society WFWP Europe’s Proposal
Ms Ingrid Lindemann, President WFWP for the second decade
“As unimaginable as it seems, slavery
and Bondage still persist in the early 21st Germany, Frauenföderation für Frieden creating a Culture of Peace
Century. Millions of people around the world still
suffer in silence in slave-like situations of forced
labour and commercial sexual exploitation from 15:30 Coffee Break 11:45 Final remarks
which they cannot free themselves. Trafficking
in persons is one of the greatest human rights 16:00 Mrs. Tina Coombs, Vice President
challenges of our time.” WFWPI, Europe
U.S. State Department Trafficking in Persons Report,
Panel 3 Dignity of women through the ages
June 2003
Dr. Maria Riehl, WFWPI
Programme subject to change without notice. WFWP takes no Pre-Natal Education and World Peace, UN Representative, Vienna
responsibility for any loss or damage due to information contained in Presentation
this leaflet
2009-05-18
Agnes Lorthoir, OMAEP 12:30 Lunch and Departure