Understanding diffusion
•Download as DOC, PDF•
0 likes•111 views
This document contains different types of diffusion processes that can be illustrated: relocation diffusion occurs when people move from one location to another; expansion diffusion happens as people spread out from a central place; hierarchical diffusion is the spread of innovations from more developed to less developed areas; contagious diffusion spreads similarly to a disease through contact; and stimulus diffusion arises in response to certain events or influences. It also lists culture and economy as areas where diffusion processes apply.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
The challenges of urbanisation: The need for integration in community resilie...
The challenges of urbanisation: The need for integration in community resilie...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
The World Society for the Protection of Animals (WSPA) presented on integrating animal welfare into urban disaster and disease management using a "One Health" approach. They argued that livestock and companion animals play important roles in communities and their welfare is often overlooked in disasters and disease control. Their vision is for animals and their owners to be protected through humane programs and the inclusion of animal welfare in urban planning. They provided examples of how mass dog vaccination programs in places like Zanzibar were more effective and humane than culling for controlling rabies. The WSPA advocates for partnerships across multiple sectors and stakeholders to address challenges through inter-sectoral cooperation and tailored solutions in communities.Spatial Components in Disease Modelling - Kim-hung KWONG and Poh-chin LAI
Spatial Components in Disease Modelling - Kim-hung KWONG and Poh-chin LAI - Department of Geography - The University of Hong Kong
Diffusion
This document defines cultural diffusion as the process by which cultural characteristics spread across space over time. It identifies two main types of diffusion: expansion diffusion, where an idea develops in one place and spreads outward while remaining strong in the source area; and relocation diffusion, where an idea spreads through the physical movement of people from one place to another. The document provides examples of different patterns of expansion diffusion, including hierarchical, contagious, and stimulus diffusion.
Cultural diffusion unit overview
This document discusses how cultures borrow and spread ideas through diffusion. It provides examples of cultural traits and innovations that diffused from ancient Greek, Roman, medieval, and Renaissance societies to help develop modern Western civilization. Geography, specifically living near the sea and close proximity of diverse peoples in Europe, facilitated the diffusion of ideas between these historical cultures. Today, new ideas and inventions continue to spread through cultural diffusion across societies.
Health and Disease
This document discusses health indicators, variations in health between developed and developing countries, and factors influencing the spread of infectious diseases like malaria. It describes key health indicators such as infant mortality rate and life expectancy. People in developing countries generally have poorer health due to higher poverty rates, less access to healthcare and sanitation, and poorer diets and living conditions. Malaria spreads through mosquito bites and is influenced by factors like overcrowding, poor drainage, and climate. It has significant socioeconomic impacts, including increased death rates, costs of healthcare, and loss of productivity.
Climate change impacts on animal health and vector borne diseases
Presentation by Bernard Bett and Delia Grace at a United States Agency for International Development (USAID) climate change technical officers' meeting, Nairobi, Kenya, 1 April 2014.
9 emerging and reemerging diseases
This document summarizes emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. It lists the top causes of mortality from infectious diseases according to WHO, including respiratory infections, diarrheal diseases, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. An emerging disease is defined as one that is newly appearing or increasing in incidence or range. Examples of recent emerging diseases mentioned include hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and SARS. Factors that can contribute to disease emergence include properties of the agent, host, and environment. Several specific emerging diseases are then discussed in more detail, such as dengue fever, leptospirosis, AIDS, tuberculosis, avian influenza, Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Marburg virus, and Middle East respiratory syndrome
Effects of climate Changes on Human Health
This document discusses how climate and weather affect the major human body systems and health. It outlines how extreme temperatures, humidity, and different seasons can impact the respiratory, musculoskeletal, digestive, circulatory, nervous, and skin systems, as well as psychology and behavior. Certain weather conditions are more conducive to the growth and spread of infectious diseases. Maintaining proper hygiene is important for health especially during climate changes.
Recommended
The challenges of urbanisation: The need for integration in community resilie...
The challenges of urbanisation: The need for integration in community resilie...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
The World Society for the Protection of Animals (WSPA) presented on integrating animal welfare into urban disaster and disease management using a "One Health" approach. They argued that livestock and companion animals play important roles in communities and their welfare is often overlooked in disasters and disease control. Their vision is for animals and their owners to be protected through humane programs and the inclusion of animal welfare in urban planning. They provided examples of how mass dog vaccination programs in places like Zanzibar were more effective and humane than culling for controlling rabies. The WSPA advocates for partnerships across multiple sectors and stakeholders to address challenges through inter-sectoral cooperation and tailored solutions in communities.Spatial Components in Disease Modelling - Kim-hung KWONG and Poh-chin LAI
Spatial Components in Disease Modelling - Kim-hung KWONG and Poh-chin LAI - Department of Geography - The University of Hong Kong
Diffusion
This document defines cultural diffusion as the process by which cultural characteristics spread across space over time. It identifies two main types of diffusion: expansion diffusion, where an idea develops in one place and spreads outward while remaining strong in the source area; and relocation diffusion, where an idea spreads through the physical movement of people from one place to another. The document provides examples of different patterns of expansion diffusion, including hierarchical, contagious, and stimulus diffusion.
Cultural diffusion unit overview
This document discusses how cultures borrow and spread ideas through diffusion. It provides examples of cultural traits and innovations that diffused from ancient Greek, Roman, medieval, and Renaissance societies to help develop modern Western civilization. Geography, specifically living near the sea and close proximity of diverse peoples in Europe, facilitated the diffusion of ideas between these historical cultures. Today, new ideas and inventions continue to spread through cultural diffusion across societies.
Health and Disease
This document discusses health indicators, variations in health between developed and developing countries, and factors influencing the spread of infectious diseases like malaria. It describes key health indicators such as infant mortality rate and life expectancy. People in developing countries generally have poorer health due to higher poverty rates, less access to healthcare and sanitation, and poorer diets and living conditions. Malaria spreads through mosquito bites and is influenced by factors like overcrowding, poor drainage, and climate. It has significant socioeconomic impacts, including increased death rates, costs of healthcare, and loss of productivity.
Climate change impacts on animal health and vector borne diseases
Presentation by Bernard Bett and Delia Grace at a United States Agency for International Development (USAID) climate change technical officers' meeting, Nairobi, Kenya, 1 April 2014.
9 emerging and reemerging diseases
This document summarizes emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. It lists the top causes of mortality from infectious diseases according to WHO, including respiratory infections, diarrheal diseases, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. An emerging disease is defined as one that is newly appearing or increasing in incidence or range. Examples of recent emerging diseases mentioned include hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and SARS. Factors that can contribute to disease emergence include properties of the agent, host, and environment. Several specific emerging diseases are then discussed in more detail, such as dengue fever, leptospirosis, AIDS, tuberculosis, avian influenza, Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Marburg virus, and Middle East respiratory syndrome
Effects of climate Changes on Human Health
This document discusses how climate and weather affect the major human body systems and health. It outlines how extreme temperatures, humidity, and different seasons can impact the respiratory, musculoskeletal, digestive, circulatory, nervous, and skin systems, as well as psychology and behavior. Certain weather conditions are more conducive to the growth and spread of infectious diseases. Maintaining proper hygiene is important for health especially during climate changes.
Kbat industrialization and development
This document provides definitions and concepts related to industrialization and economic development. It lists terms like agglomeration economies, primary and tertiary sectors, labor-intensive industries, and location theory. It also outlines topics the reader should be able to discuss, such as using indicators to classify countries, explaining theories of development, providing examples of different economic sectors, and describing factors that influence the location of manufacturing. The reader is expected to understand models of economic growth, the relationship between less and more developed countries, and the environmental and social impacts of industrialization.
Cornell notes 2 (ap outline)
1. The document discusses various theories and approaches to measuring and analyzing economic development levels between more developed countries (MDCs) and less developed countries (LDCs).
2. It outlines factors used in the UN's Human Development Index such as life expectancy, education, and GDP per capita to categorize countries and shows that the development gap between MDCs and LDCs is widening.
3. Dependency theory argues that the political and economic dominance of MDCs limits the ability of LDCs to develop and that colonialism created dependent relationships that perpetuate poverty in African nations.
Cornell notes 1 (ap outline)
The document discusses key concepts related to industrialization and economic development, including the primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, and quinary economic activities. It describes how the Industrial Revolution began in England and spread to Western Europe and North America, establishing industrial landscapes centered around coal and later oil sources. Factors like transportation infrastructure, global trade, and theories of industrial location influenced where industries chose to locate. Over time, deindustrialization has occurred as manufacturing moves to less developed countries for cheaper labor and production costs, leaving rust belts behind, while service industries have grown in more developed countries.
Chapter 11 key issue 4
The document discusses factors influencing changes in industry locations in the 21st century. Two key industries, textiles and apparel, have increasingly opened production facilities in lower-wage locations overseas and in the southern/western US. This allows them to take advantage of lower costs. Additionally, manufacturing has concentrated in high-tech regions like California, Massachusetts and Texas due to access to skilled labor pools and research centers. Just-in-time delivery provides benefits for manufacturers but also risks from potential disruptions in the supply chain.
Chapter 11 key issue 3
1. Manufacturing has declined in traditional industrial centers in Western Europe and shifted toward Central and Eastern Europe. This is similar to shifts seen in the US, where manufacturing has declined in the Northeastern "Rust Belt" regions and increased in the South and West.
2. China has become the leading new industrial center due to its large pool of low-cost labor and establishment of specialized economic zones along its eastern coast that offer liberal economic policies to attract foreign investment. These zones have successfully drawn multinational corporations, as evidenced by pictures showing factories operated by foreign companies.
3. Manufacturing in Latin America is clustered in Brazil and Mexico, especially in Mexico's maquiladora regions
Chapter 11 key issue 2
This document provides an overview of factors that influence the geographic distribution of different industries. It discusses how industries tend to locate near important inputs or markets. Input-oriented industries like copper, steel, and coal cluster around resource deposits, while bulk-gaining industries producing large, low-value goods locate near consumers. Transportation costs and methods also affect industry location. The document examines labor-oriented versus capital-intensive industries and mentions textiles as labor-intensive. It discusses land, capital, and electricity as additional location factors.
Chapter 11 key issue 1
This document provides questions about the distribution of industry around the world. It asks the reader to identify the four regions that produce three-fourths of global industrial output. It also asks about differences between the distribution of industry versus agriculture. Additional questions cover the origins of the Industrial Revolution in Britain, factors in Britain's later loss of industrial leadership, and resources/advantages of key industrial regions including Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, and East Asia. The reader is asked to label maps showing details like coal fields, iron ore areas, and early industrial infrastructure in Britain.
Chapter 9 key issue 4
This document discusses obstacles to development faced by less developed countries and various models for overcoming those obstacles. It examines theories of development through self-sufficiency, international trade, and the roles of organizations like the World Bank and IMF. Some key points covered include Rostow's stages of growth model, the success of Asian tiger economies in following an international trade approach, and both benefits and criticisms of structural adjustment programs promoted by international organizations.
Chapter 9 key issue 3
This document contains 10 questions about gender-related development issues around the world. It asks about differences in gender development levels between countries like Mexico and Iran, countries that have achieved gender equality, and the country with the highest Gender-Related Development Index ranking. It also contains questions about differences in pay, education, life expectancy, the Gender Empowerment Measure, and economic and political empowerment indicators between genders and across countries at different development levels.
Chapter 9 key issue 2
This document provides instructions for students to complete a map and charts identifying the geographic distribution of more and less developed countries and regions. It asks students to label and color regions on a map, draw the north-south development split, and take notes in charts about the levels of human development in more and less developed regions including Anglo-American, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Japan, South Pacific, Latin America, East Asia, Middle East, Southeast Asia, South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa.
Chapter 9 key issue 1
The document discusses factors that contribute to variations in development among countries. It explains the Human Development Index (HDI) and notes that the US ranks 10th internationally on this index due to factors like GDP per capita, job types, productivity, and availability of consumer goods. Charts also summarize key economic, social, and demographic indicators of development, such as education levels, health measures, life expectancy, birth and mortality rates.
Rural land usage (student)
This document describes different patterns of rural land usage and settlements. It identifies seven types of rural villages:
1. Irregular clustered village - Farmsteads grouped around a central open area.
2. Street village - Farmsteads arranged on both sides of a street.
3. Green village - A gridiron pattern of streets meeting at right angles.
4. Isolated farmsteads/unit block farms - Land divided into pieces with farmers living separately on their own land.
5. Row village/long-lot farms - Long, thin farmsteads arranged around a road, river, or canal.
6. Hamlet - Satellite villages that develop as an original village runs
Green revolution
The document provides instructions to cut along a line on a page and then glue a graphic summary into a notebook under an assigned reading from Chapter 10, Key Issue 4.
Cornell notes (ap outline) 2
Von Thünen's model from 1826 describes six concentric zones of agricultural land use radiating from a central market. The first zone consists of market gardening activities for heavy, bulky products like vegetables. The second zone is dairy farming as milk spoils quickly. The third zone is livestock fattening in feedlots. The fourth zone is commercial grain farming. The fifth zone is livestock ranching. The sixth zone is non-agricultural land too far from the market. The model assumes uniform land quality, transportation access, climate, and political factors.
Agri regions recording
This document provides instructions to study placards containing short stories about people involved in agriculture. For each placard, the user is asked to identify the location of the activity, whether it is subsistence, commercial, or plantation agriculture, the likely climate zone, and the technologies used. A table is included for the user to fill out with their analyses for placards A through N.
Rubber
This document introduces a curriculum unit for grades 9-12 that examines the cultural and social impacts of global commodity trades. The unit uses a document-based question format to analyze eight commodities through case studies that follow each commodity's journey from origin to global impact. Each case study addresses the commodity's discovery, progression to international trade, effects of large-scale production, and boom-and-bust cycles. The unit aims to help students understand how intercultural contact and population movements have influenced societies over the long term by relating these phenomena to everyday commodities. It aligns with geography, economics, history, and culture standards in the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills and National Geography Standards.
Tea
This document is a curriculum unit for grades 9-12 about the global commodity trade. It contains four case studies examining the cultural and social impacts of caviar, chocolate, fur, and indigo. Each case study is divided into multiple sections that trace the history of the commodity from its origins to modern use and marketing. The unit was created by researchers from multiple area studies centers at the University of Texas at Austin and is intended for classroom use.
Rice
Here are three origin myths about the origins of rice from Southeast Asia:
1. A Dayak myth from Borneo tells of a man named Se Juru who climbed a giant upside down tree and discovered rice being cooked in the sky world. He brought rice back to teach his people.
2. A Javanese myth says that rice sprang from the buried body of a goddess named Tisnawati, with rice plants growing from her body.
3. A Malayan myth involves the descendants of a legendary king discovering golden rice growing miraculously in a field, a sign they had the right to rule.
These myths reflect the deep cultural significance of rice in Southeast Asian societies and attempt to explain its origins in
Indigo
Indigo arrived in Europe through Portuguese trade routes in the early 16th century, but faced prohibitions from powerful guilds representing native woad growers who saw indigo as competition. Despite bans, indigo continued to flow into Europe from both east and west as other European powers like Spain and France established indigo plantations in their new world colonies. While indigo was seen as superior for its deep blue color, it was also viewed with suspicion in places like Germany for being "corrosive" and "deceitful."
More Related Content
More from hanslunow
Kbat industrialization and development
This document provides definitions and concepts related to industrialization and economic development. It lists terms like agglomeration economies, primary and tertiary sectors, labor-intensive industries, and location theory. It also outlines topics the reader should be able to discuss, such as using indicators to classify countries, explaining theories of development, providing examples of different economic sectors, and describing factors that influence the location of manufacturing. The reader is expected to understand models of economic growth, the relationship between less and more developed countries, and the environmental and social impacts of industrialization.
Cornell notes 2 (ap outline)
1. The document discusses various theories and approaches to measuring and analyzing economic development levels between more developed countries (MDCs) and less developed countries (LDCs).
2. It outlines factors used in the UN's Human Development Index such as life expectancy, education, and GDP per capita to categorize countries and shows that the development gap between MDCs and LDCs is widening.
3. Dependency theory argues that the political and economic dominance of MDCs limits the ability of LDCs to develop and that colonialism created dependent relationships that perpetuate poverty in African nations.
Cornell notes 1 (ap outline)
The document discusses key concepts related to industrialization and economic development, including the primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, and quinary economic activities. It describes how the Industrial Revolution began in England and spread to Western Europe and North America, establishing industrial landscapes centered around coal and later oil sources. Factors like transportation infrastructure, global trade, and theories of industrial location influenced where industries chose to locate. Over time, deindustrialization has occurred as manufacturing moves to less developed countries for cheaper labor and production costs, leaving rust belts behind, while service industries have grown in more developed countries.
Chapter 11 key issue 4
The document discusses factors influencing changes in industry locations in the 21st century. Two key industries, textiles and apparel, have increasingly opened production facilities in lower-wage locations overseas and in the southern/western US. This allows them to take advantage of lower costs. Additionally, manufacturing has concentrated in high-tech regions like California, Massachusetts and Texas due to access to skilled labor pools and research centers. Just-in-time delivery provides benefits for manufacturers but also risks from potential disruptions in the supply chain.
Chapter 11 key issue 3
1. Manufacturing has declined in traditional industrial centers in Western Europe and shifted toward Central and Eastern Europe. This is similar to shifts seen in the US, where manufacturing has declined in the Northeastern "Rust Belt" regions and increased in the South and West.
2. China has become the leading new industrial center due to its large pool of low-cost labor and establishment of specialized economic zones along its eastern coast that offer liberal economic policies to attract foreign investment. These zones have successfully drawn multinational corporations, as evidenced by pictures showing factories operated by foreign companies.
3. Manufacturing in Latin America is clustered in Brazil and Mexico, especially in Mexico's maquiladora regions
Chapter 11 key issue 2
This document provides an overview of factors that influence the geographic distribution of different industries. It discusses how industries tend to locate near important inputs or markets. Input-oriented industries like copper, steel, and coal cluster around resource deposits, while bulk-gaining industries producing large, low-value goods locate near consumers. Transportation costs and methods also affect industry location. The document examines labor-oriented versus capital-intensive industries and mentions textiles as labor-intensive. It discusses land, capital, and electricity as additional location factors.
Chapter 11 key issue 1
This document provides questions about the distribution of industry around the world. It asks the reader to identify the four regions that produce three-fourths of global industrial output. It also asks about differences between the distribution of industry versus agriculture. Additional questions cover the origins of the Industrial Revolution in Britain, factors in Britain's later loss of industrial leadership, and resources/advantages of key industrial regions including Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, and East Asia. The reader is asked to label maps showing details like coal fields, iron ore areas, and early industrial infrastructure in Britain.
Chapter 9 key issue 4
This document discusses obstacles to development faced by less developed countries and various models for overcoming those obstacles. It examines theories of development through self-sufficiency, international trade, and the roles of organizations like the World Bank and IMF. Some key points covered include Rostow's stages of growth model, the success of Asian tiger economies in following an international trade approach, and both benefits and criticisms of structural adjustment programs promoted by international organizations.
Chapter 9 key issue 3
This document contains 10 questions about gender-related development issues around the world. It asks about differences in gender development levels between countries like Mexico and Iran, countries that have achieved gender equality, and the country with the highest Gender-Related Development Index ranking. It also contains questions about differences in pay, education, life expectancy, the Gender Empowerment Measure, and economic and political empowerment indicators between genders and across countries at different development levels.
Chapter 9 key issue 2
This document provides instructions for students to complete a map and charts identifying the geographic distribution of more and less developed countries and regions. It asks students to label and color regions on a map, draw the north-south development split, and take notes in charts about the levels of human development in more and less developed regions including Anglo-American, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Japan, South Pacific, Latin America, East Asia, Middle East, Southeast Asia, South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa.
Chapter 9 key issue 1
The document discusses factors that contribute to variations in development among countries. It explains the Human Development Index (HDI) and notes that the US ranks 10th internationally on this index due to factors like GDP per capita, job types, productivity, and availability of consumer goods. Charts also summarize key economic, social, and demographic indicators of development, such as education levels, health measures, life expectancy, birth and mortality rates.
Rural land usage (student)
This document describes different patterns of rural land usage and settlements. It identifies seven types of rural villages:
1. Irregular clustered village - Farmsteads grouped around a central open area.
2. Street village - Farmsteads arranged on both sides of a street.
3. Green village - A gridiron pattern of streets meeting at right angles.
4. Isolated farmsteads/unit block farms - Land divided into pieces with farmers living separately on their own land.
5. Row village/long-lot farms - Long, thin farmsteads arranged around a road, river, or canal.
6. Hamlet - Satellite villages that develop as an original village runs
Green revolution
The document provides instructions to cut along a line on a page and then glue a graphic summary into a notebook under an assigned reading from Chapter 10, Key Issue 4.
Cornell notes (ap outline) 2
Von Thünen's model from 1826 describes six concentric zones of agricultural land use radiating from a central market. The first zone consists of market gardening activities for heavy, bulky products like vegetables. The second zone is dairy farming as milk spoils quickly. The third zone is livestock fattening in feedlots. The fourth zone is commercial grain farming. The fifth zone is livestock ranching. The sixth zone is non-agricultural land too far from the market. The model assumes uniform land quality, transportation access, climate, and political factors.
Agri regions recording
This document provides instructions to study placards containing short stories about people involved in agriculture. For each placard, the user is asked to identify the location of the activity, whether it is subsistence, commercial, or plantation agriculture, the likely climate zone, and the technologies used. A table is included for the user to fill out with their analyses for placards A through N.
Rubber
This document introduces a curriculum unit for grades 9-12 that examines the cultural and social impacts of global commodity trades. The unit uses a document-based question format to analyze eight commodities through case studies that follow each commodity's journey from origin to global impact. Each case study addresses the commodity's discovery, progression to international trade, effects of large-scale production, and boom-and-bust cycles. The unit aims to help students understand how intercultural contact and population movements have influenced societies over the long term by relating these phenomena to everyday commodities. It aligns with geography, economics, history, and culture standards in the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills and National Geography Standards.
Tea
This document is a curriculum unit for grades 9-12 about the global commodity trade. It contains four case studies examining the cultural and social impacts of caviar, chocolate, fur, and indigo. Each case study is divided into multiple sections that trace the history of the commodity from its origins to modern use and marketing. The unit was created by researchers from multiple area studies centers at the University of Texas at Austin and is intended for classroom use.
Rice
Here are three origin myths about the origins of rice from Southeast Asia:
1. A Dayak myth from Borneo tells of a man named Se Juru who climbed a giant upside down tree and discovered rice being cooked in the sky world. He brought rice back to teach his people.
2. A Javanese myth says that rice sprang from the buried body of a goddess named Tisnawati, with rice plants growing from her body.
3. A Malayan myth involves the descendants of a legendary king discovering golden rice growing miraculously in a field, a sign they had the right to rule.
These myths reflect the deep cultural significance of rice in Southeast Asian societies and attempt to explain its origins in
Indigo
Indigo arrived in Europe through Portuguese trade routes in the early 16th century, but faced prohibitions from powerful guilds representing native woad growers who saw indigo as competition. Despite bans, indigo continued to flow into Europe from both east and west as other European powers like Spain and France established indigo plantations in their new world colonies. While indigo was seen as superior for its deep blue color, it was also viewed with suspicion in places like Germany for being "corrosive" and "deceitful."
More from hanslunow (20)
Understanding diffusion
- 1. Please create illustrations that clearly show the meaning of each of the following. RELOCATION DIFFUSION EXPANSION DIFFUSION Hierarchical Diffusion Contagious Diffusion Stimulus Diffusion DIFFUSION OF CULTURE AND ECONOMY Culture Economy 37