The document analyzes Ukraine's efforts to combat corruption and promote economic development by examining key indicators from 2015-2016. It finds that while some areas like reliability of police services improved due to new police reforms, other issues like favoritism in government decisions and rules affecting foreign investment worsened. The recommendations call for addressing weaknesses in the judicial system, property rights, and insolvency regulations to further improve the business environment and attract foreign investment.
There was an increasing trend from 2010 to 2011 motor traffic accidents in Kuwait City, passengers and pedestrians are always at highest risk of being injured or killed on the road. Quantitative and qualitative results indicated that the technical element of the highway construction, irresponsibility, poor management, cell phones, alcohol and drugs, age of the victims and poor condition of services were the causes of traffic accidents in Kuwait. The study recommended that the government should review legislation regarding employment of drivers, and working conditions of police force should be improved, public road safety campaigns should be conducted, and new driving license system should be imposed. The use of cell phones while driving should be restricted. The hospital and police records should be updated with the number of road victims, the hospital staff, traffic police and ambulance personnel should be considered for intensive training on emergency and preparedness, and regular vehicle inspection should be introduced in Kuwait City.
Keyword: Traffic- accidents-Risk Theory-System Theory-Triangulation- method
Over the past six decades, tourism has emerged as one of the fastest growing economic sectors in the world. Through its
contribution in employment generation, infrastructure development and export revenue, it has been playing an important
role in the socio-economic progress. Expenditure incurred in the destinations on accommodation, food, entertainment,shopping etc leads to foreign exchange earnings and as a result contributes to the GDP. This has led the nations enhance their investments in the development of Travel & Tourism (T&T).
This is a short presentation of my research paper "Inflation and economic growth". Purpose of this paper is to research how inflation affects economic growth. We explore multi facets of inflation within the frame of its interference with economic output. To avoid short view and generalization we will explore parameters of inflation and real GDP for four different countries: United States, United Kingdom, Germany and Japan during seven time periods covering economic output from 1914 up to 2016.
There was an increasing trend from 2010 to 2011 motor traffic accidents in Kuwait City, passengers and pedestrians are always at highest risk of being injured or killed on the road. Quantitative and qualitative results indicated that the technical element of the highway construction, irresponsibility, poor management, cell phones, alcohol and drugs, age of the victims and poor condition of services were the causes of traffic accidents in Kuwait. The study recommended that the government should review legislation regarding employment of drivers, and working conditions of police force should be improved, public road safety campaigns should be conducted, and new driving license system should be imposed. The use of cell phones while driving should be restricted. The hospital and police records should be updated with the number of road victims, the hospital staff, traffic police and ambulance personnel should be considered for intensive training on emergency and preparedness, and regular vehicle inspection should be introduced in Kuwait City.
Keyword: Traffic- accidents-Risk Theory-System Theory-Triangulation- method
Over the past six decades, tourism has emerged as one of the fastest growing economic sectors in the world. Through its
contribution in employment generation, infrastructure development and export revenue, it has been playing an important
role in the socio-economic progress. Expenditure incurred in the destinations on accommodation, food, entertainment,shopping etc leads to foreign exchange earnings and as a result contributes to the GDP. This has led the nations enhance their investments in the development of Travel & Tourism (T&T).
This is a short presentation of my research paper "Inflation and economic growth". Purpose of this paper is to research how inflation affects economic growth. We explore multi facets of inflation within the frame of its interference with economic output. To avoid short view and generalization we will explore parameters of inflation and real GDP for four different countries: United States, United Kingdom, Germany and Japan during seven time periods covering economic output from 1914 up to 2016.
To mark the 20th anniversary of the WTO, 'International Trade Statistics 2015' looks back at world trade from 1995 to the end of 2014. The publication features a variety of charts to highlight the most noteworthy trends in world trade over the past 20 years. Numerous tables provide more detailed data while a chapter on methodology explains how the data are compiled.
International Trade Statistics 2015 serves as an invaluable reference tool for researchers, policy makers and anyone interested in international trade.
One of NIGERIA’S greatest challenges is CORRUPTION – in Public and Private Institutions – which has greatly affected her development as well as how her Citizens are treated in other countries. This analysis takes an in-depth look TI CPI of Nigeria from 1998 till date.
Read how the OECD is working with countries to design, promote and implement better anti-corruption policies for better lives. For more information see www.oecd.org/corruption/
Foreign Direct Investments into UkraineEasyBusiness
Foreign direct investment as one of the main vehicles of development and globalization in the
World economy is a complex phenomenon.
Most common definition used in the modern economic theory states that Foreign Direct
Investment (FDI) – “is acquisition of at least ten percent of the ordinary shares or voting power
in a public or private enterprise by nonresident investors. Direct investment involves a lasting
interest in the management of an enterprise and includes reinvestment of profits.”1
It is important to understand that FDI is not just the flow of capital between economies but also
a flow of technologies, management practices and established customer/supplier bases.
Usually FDI has a spillover effect for the host economy when management practices and
technologies are propagated from the initial target company to other companies in the region.
This propagation is achieved through moving labor force, reverse-engineering and intensified
competition.
FDI is crucial for Developing and Transition economies not just because they suffer from the
lack of capital but because they don’t have access to new technologies and their managerial
and business techniques are outdated.
Different countries have achieved different results in their ability to attract FDI. In order to
analyze reasons driving country specific performance it is important to look at the following
issues:
- Dynamics and trends of global FDI flows
- General investment climate in a given country
- Industry specific opportunities provided by current situation in the host economy
This framework is used to analyze Ukraine’s competitive positioning to attract foreign direct
investment.
Report of Kreston GCG "Fraud in Ukrainian Business 2017" based on independent survey results obtained from representatives of 130 companies across the entire country.
This benchmarking study, developed by the Brookings Metropolitan Policy Program, provides the Greater Charlotte region with a framework and data to better understand its performance and position in the global economy, offering information and insights to help leaders more actively shape the region’s economic strategy.
In the last two years since the publication of the previous
edition of the Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report,
the framework conditions for the Travel and Tourism
(T&T) sector have changed significantly. The world has
been facing geopolitical tensions from the Middle East
and Ukraine to South-East Asia, growing terrorism
threats and fear of the spread of global pandemics.
Should they persist, these global challenges could have
significant further repercussions on the T&T industry, as they touch on the pre-condition for the sector
to grow and develop—the ability of people to travel
safely.
The World Economic Forum has, for the past nine
years, engaged key industry and thought leaders through
its Aviation & Travel Industry Partnership Programme,
along with its Global Agenda Council on the Future of
Travel & Tourism, to carry out an in-depth analysis of the
T&T competitiveness of economies around the world.
The resulting Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report
provides a platform for multistakeholder dialogue with the objective of achieving a strong and sustainable
T&T industry capable of contributing effectively to
international economic development.
At the core of the Report is the sixth edition of the
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI). The aim
of the TTCI, which covers a record 141 economies this
year, is to provide a comprehensive strategic tool for
measuring the “the set of factors and policies that enable
the sustainable development of the Travel & Tourism
sector, which in turn, contributes to the development
and competitiveness of a country.”
CPI2010 is an aggregate indicator that…
1. Measures the degree to which corruption is perceived to exist among public officials and politicians in 178 countries around the world.
2. Focuses on perceptions and not hard data
3. Draws on 13 different surveys and country assessments from 10 independent institutions carried out among experienced observers, such as business people and country analysts, including local experts.
With governments committing huge sums to tackle the world's most pressing problems, from the instability of financial markets to climate change and poverty, corruption remains an obstacle to achieving much needed progress. The 2010 Corruption Perceptions Index shows that nearly three quarters of the 178 countries in the index score below five, on a scale from 10 (highly clean) to 0 (highly corrupt). These results indicate a serious corruption problem.
To mark the 20th anniversary of the WTO, 'International Trade Statistics 2015' looks back at world trade from 1995 to the end of 2014. The publication features a variety of charts to highlight the most noteworthy trends in world trade over the past 20 years. Numerous tables provide more detailed data while a chapter on methodology explains how the data are compiled.
International Trade Statistics 2015 serves as an invaluable reference tool for researchers, policy makers and anyone interested in international trade.
One of NIGERIA’S greatest challenges is CORRUPTION – in Public and Private Institutions – which has greatly affected her development as well as how her Citizens are treated in other countries. This analysis takes an in-depth look TI CPI of Nigeria from 1998 till date.
Read how the OECD is working with countries to design, promote and implement better anti-corruption policies for better lives. For more information see www.oecd.org/corruption/
Foreign Direct Investments into UkraineEasyBusiness
Foreign direct investment as one of the main vehicles of development and globalization in the
World economy is a complex phenomenon.
Most common definition used in the modern economic theory states that Foreign Direct
Investment (FDI) – “is acquisition of at least ten percent of the ordinary shares or voting power
in a public or private enterprise by nonresident investors. Direct investment involves a lasting
interest in the management of an enterprise and includes reinvestment of profits.”1
It is important to understand that FDI is not just the flow of capital between economies but also
a flow of technologies, management practices and established customer/supplier bases.
Usually FDI has a spillover effect for the host economy when management practices and
technologies are propagated from the initial target company to other companies in the region.
This propagation is achieved through moving labor force, reverse-engineering and intensified
competition.
FDI is crucial for Developing and Transition economies not just because they suffer from the
lack of capital but because they don’t have access to new technologies and their managerial
and business techniques are outdated.
Different countries have achieved different results in their ability to attract FDI. In order to
analyze reasons driving country specific performance it is important to look at the following
issues:
- Dynamics and trends of global FDI flows
- General investment climate in a given country
- Industry specific opportunities provided by current situation in the host economy
This framework is used to analyze Ukraine’s competitive positioning to attract foreign direct
investment.
Report of Kreston GCG "Fraud in Ukrainian Business 2017" based on independent survey results obtained from representatives of 130 companies across the entire country.
This benchmarking study, developed by the Brookings Metropolitan Policy Program, provides the Greater Charlotte region with a framework and data to better understand its performance and position in the global economy, offering information and insights to help leaders more actively shape the region’s economic strategy.
In the last two years since the publication of the previous
edition of the Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report,
the framework conditions for the Travel and Tourism
(T&T) sector have changed significantly. The world has
been facing geopolitical tensions from the Middle East
and Ukraine to South-East Asia, growing terrorism
threats and fear of the spread of global pandemics.
Should they persist, these global challenges could have
significant further repercussions on the T&T industry, as they touch on the pre-condition for the sector
to grow and develop—the ability of people to travel
safely.
The World Economic Forum has, for the past nine
years, engaged key industry and thought leaders through
its Aviation & Travel Industry Partnership Programme,
along with its Global Agenda Council on the Future of
Travel & Tourism, to carry out an in-depth analysis of the
T&T competitiveness of economies around the world.
The resulting Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report
provides a platform for multistakeholder dialogue with the objective of achieving a strong and sustainable
T&T industry capable of contributing effectively to
international economic development.
At the core of the Report is the sixth edition of the
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI). The aim
of the TTCI, which covers a record 141 economies this
year, is to provide a comprehensive strategic tool for
measuring the “the set of factors and policies that enable
the sustainable development of the Travel & Tourism
sector, which in turn, contributes to the development
and competitiveness of a country.”
CPI2010 is an aggregate indicator that…
1. Measures the degree to which corruption is perceived to exist among public officials and politicians in 178 countries around the world.
2. Focuses on perceptions and not hard data
3. Draws on 13 different surveys and country assessments from 10 independent institutions carried out among experienced observers, such as business people and country analysts, including local experts.
With governments committing huge sums to tackle the world's most pressing problems, from the instability of financial markets to climate change and poverty, corruption remains an obstacle to achieving much needed progress. The 2010 Corruption Perceptions Index shows that nearly three quarters of the 178 countries in the index score below five, on a scale from 10 (highly clean) to 0 (highly corrupt). These results indicate a serious corruption problem.
2. Ukraine. Factsheet
• Population, million: 44,291,413 (July 2014 est.) 32nd in the world
• Territory: 603,550 sq. km, 46th in the world
• GDP per capita, current US$ $2,122 (2015)
• GDP - per capita (PPP): $8,000 (2015 est.)
• GDP - real growth rate: -9.9% (2015 est.) (CIA, 2016)
• GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 14.1%, industry:
26.4%, services: 60%
• Life Expectancy at Birth, years: 71.0 (2014) (The World Bank, 2016)
4. Ukraine. Claim to fame
• Aero-space heritage
• Igor Sykorsky
• Sergey Korovev – designer
of the first manned space rocket.
• An 225 Mriya –
the largest airplane in the world.
• Voluntary gave up the third largest nuclear arsenal in the world - more than
1,000 warheads.
• World Top 5: Grain exporter, % of agricultural land, # of certified IT specialists.
5. Ukraine. Corruption
• Corruption Perceptions Index - 130th out of 167 countries.
(Transparency International, 2016) .
• Control of corruption indicator - 177th out of 209 countries.
(The World Bank, 2015) .
• Corruption Rank - 114th out of 150 countries.
(World Audit.org, 2015).
6. Methodology. Sensitive factors.
Favorable factors of growing economies:
• Macroeconomic and Political stability.
• Investment in Health and Education.
• Effectiveness of governance and Institutions.
• Favorable environment for private enterprise
• Favorable Geography
(Perkins, Radelet, Lindauer, “Economics of development”.).
7. Methodology. 4 Key indicators
A. Effectiveness of governance and Institutions
1. CCI (Control of corruption index) as part of the Worldwide Governance
Indicators. (The World Bank Group).
2. Quality of Institutions as part of Global Competitiveness Index
(World Economic Forum).
B. Favorable environment for private enterprise
3. Doing Business Rank measures (The World Bank Group).
4. Business impact of rules on FDI as part of Global Competitiveness Index
(World Economic Forum).
8. Ukraine. 2015 Indicators.
1. Control of corruption indicator - 177th out of 209.
2. Quality of Institutions – 130th out of 140
countries.
2.1. Property rights 132th out of 140
2.2. Irregular payments and bribes 122th out of 140
2.3. Judicial independence 132th out of 140
2.4. Wastefulness of government spending 134th out of 140
2.5. Reliability of police services 133th out of 140
2.6. Strength of auditing and reporting standards 124th out of 140
9. Ukraine. 2015 Indicators.
3. Doing Business Rank
3.1.Enforcing Contracts 93th out of 190
3.2. Paying Taxes 83th out of 190
3.3. Trading across the borders 110th out of 190
3.4.Resolving Insolvency 148th out of 190
3.5. Dealing with Construction Permits 137th out of 190
4. Business impact of rules on FDI in Ukraine 122th out of 140
10. Government action.
• "2014 Anti-Corruption Package“.
• Public procurement system ProZorro. 2014-2016.
• New police.
• Tax policy changes
• VAT regime in agriculture terminated
• Significantly reduced social security taxation
• A new internal investigation division at State Fiscal Service
• Mandatory assets E-declaration of politicians and officials.
11. Analysis. Indicators.
1. Quality of institution
• Indicator Rank 2015 Rank 2016
• Overall 130 129
• Property rights 132 130
• Irregular payments and bribes 122 119
• Favoritism in decisions of government officials 99 109
• Wastefulness of government spending 134 129
• Reliability of police services 133 104
• Judicial independence 132 129
The World Economic Forum (2015, 2016)
12. Analysis. Indicators.
2. Doing Business Rank Rank 2015 Rank 2016
• Overall 81 80
• Enforcing Contracts 93 81
• Paying Taxes 83 84
• Resolving Insolvency 148 150
• Dealing with Construction Permits 137 140
(The World Bank Group, 2016)
3. Foreign direct investments (FDI)
• Business impact of rules on FDI in Ukraine: 2015 2016
(The World Economic Forum, 2016) 122th out of 140 130th out of 138
4. Control of corruption index (The World Bank Group). No data available for 2016. Low 2015
Index (177th amongst 209 countries) reflects negative tendencies prior to 2015 year.
13. Analysis. Government actions
• Institutional quality – no significant changes.
• Improvement - Reliability of police services, Wastefulness of government spending.
• Worsening - Favoritism in decisions of government officials.
• Actions corresponded – Public procurement system ProZorro and New Police.
• Effectiveness of governance – low CCI index (2015), worsened (Favoritism in decisions of government officials).
• ! Lack of action.
• Private enterprise environment – no significant changes.
• Improvement - Enforcing Contracts
• Actions corresponded – Public procurement system ProZorro
• Foreign direct investments (FDI) – worsened.
• Worsening - Business impact of rules on FDI in Ukraine.
• ! Lack of action.
14. Ukraine. Recommendations.
1. Ukrainian government should address following components those did
not have enough attention and programs implemented yet:
• Judicial and independence 129th rank out of 138
• Property rights 130th rank out of 138
• Efficacy of corporate boards 121st rank out of 138
• Strength of auditing and reporting standards 129th rank out of 138
• Strength of investor protection 79th rank out of 138
• Resolving Insolvency 150th rank out of 190
• Permits and licensing 130-140th rank out of 190
• Trading across the borders 110th rank out of 190
• Favoritism in decisions of government officials (worsened during 2016).
15. Ukraine. Recommendations.
2. Implement programs to improve “Business impact of rules on
Foreign Direct Investments in Ukraine.
3. Implement the programs to continue improvement in following
indicators: “Reliability of police services”, “Wastefulness of
government spending”, “Irregular payments and bribes”.
4. Judicial independence and quality of prosecution considered as the
key element of providing effective legal environment and increase
rule of law as favorable environment for economic development.
16. Implications.
• Methodology, developed in this paper and exanimated on the country
hardly affected by corruption, gives the tools to measure the state of
combat with corruption, using changes in trustful indicators provided
by the global organizations dedicated to economic development.
• We believe this methodology might be helpful in both measuring of
impact of corruption on economic growth and analysis of
effectiveness of the actions enacted to combat with corruption.
17. Implications.
Indicators (CCI, Quality of Institutions, Doing Business, FDI…)
Actions
Changes in Indicators
Analysis, Recommendations
New Revised Actions
19. Sources.
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2. The World Bank, 2016, “Ukraine. Overview”, http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/ukraine/overview
3. BBC, 2016 (February 16), “Ukraine country profile”, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-18018002
4. Dwight H Perkins, Steven Radelet, David L. Lindauer, 2006 (August 28) “Economics of development, 6th edition”. P. 76.
5. Transparency International, 2016, “Corruption Perceptions Index 2015”, https://www.transparency.org/cpi2015/
6. World Audit, “The World Democracy Audit 2015”, http://www.worldaudit.org/corruption.htm
7. Dwight H Perkins, Steven Radelet, David L. Lindauer, 2006 (August 28) “Economics of development, 6th edition”. P. 81.
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10. U.S. Department of State, 2015 (May), "2015 Investment Climate Statement, Ukraine", https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/241993.pdf
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12. European Chamber, 2015 (March), "Foreign Direct Investment per capita in Europe", http://eucham.eu/charts/153-2015-03-foreign-direct-investment-per-capita-
in-europe
13. Robert Kirchner, Vitaliy Kravchuk, Julian Ries. German Advisory Group Ukraine, 2015 (February), "Foreign Direct Investment in Ukraine: Past, Present, and Future",
http://www.beratergruppe-ukraine.de/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/PP_02_2015_en.pdf
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capital.com/en/about/media/press_releases/corruption_and_lack_of_trust_in_the_judiciary_in_ukraine_are_the_largest_obstacles_for_foreign_investors.html
15. Kusi Hornberger, Joseph Battat, and Peter Kusek. 2011 (August), The World Bank Group. Note Number 327, "How Much Does Investment Climate Matter"?
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/FINANCIALSECTOR/Resources/327-Attracting-FDI.pdf
20. Sources.
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http://www.doingbusiness.org/~/media/WBG/DoingBusiness/Documents/Annual-Reports/English/DB17-Full-Report.pdf
18. Guy Faulconbridge, Anna Dabrowska and Stephen Grey. 2014 (April 30), Reuters. "Toppled 'mafia' president cost Ukraine up to $100 billion, prosecutor says",
http://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-yanukovich-idUSBREA3T0K820140430
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passes-important-laws-to-tackle-corruption-369122.html
20. Mara Lemos Stein. The Wall Street Journal. 2016 (May 19), Ukraine Looks to Unmask Corruption with ProZorro E-Procurement,
http://blogs.wsj.com/riskandcompliance/2016/05/19/ukraine-looks-to-unmask-corruption-with-prozorro-e-procurement
21. Yuriy Bugay, Open Contracting Partnership, 2016 (July 28), "ProZorro: How a volunteer project led to nation-wide procurement reform in Ukraine", http://www.open-
contracting.org/2016/07/28/prozorro-volunteer-project-led-nation-wide-procurement-reform-ukraine/
22. Index Mundi, 2015, "Police Corruption Perceptions Index", http://www.indexmundi.com/surveys/results/1
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year-later-ukraine-s-patrol-police-enjoy-massive-spike-in-trust
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corruption-reform-in-ukraine-going-round-in-circles/
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