Curs Autocad 2015 in Spatiul 2D Si 3D,Curs Profesional Complet Autocad 2015, ...Tipa Marius-George
Curs Autocad 2015 in Spatiul 2D Si 3D,Curs Profesional Complet Autocad 2015, Lectii Video Autocad 2015 http://www.softedu.eu/autocad_2015/autocad_2015.html
Programare web si web design, cursuri complete prin corespondenta sau la sediul nostru, tehnici de promovare eficiente si mai ales gratuite, administrare baze de date PHP si MySQL,
Curs Autocad 2015 in Spatiul 2D Si 3D,Curs Profesional Complet Autocad 2015, ...Tipa Marius-George
Curs Autocad 2015 in Spatiul 2D Si 3D,Curs Profesional Complet Autocad 2015, Lectii Video Autocad 2015 http://www.softedu.eu/autocad_2015/autocad_2015.html
Programare web si web design, cursuri complete prin corespondenta sau la sediul nostru, tehnici de promovare eficiente si mai ales gratuite, administrare baze de date PHP si MySQL,
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Tutorial (manual) autocad partea 1
1. www.cursuriploiesti.ro
Cursuri autocad, web design, programare web, programare C++
SISTEME DE COORDONATE
Lansati in executie Autocad-ul. Asa arata ecranul initial. Mentionez ca in orice
alta versiune de Autocad, comenzile sunt aproape identice. Ceea ce difera este interfata
grafica. Insa noi vom invata (in prima faza) sa introducem comenzile de la tastatura, asa
cum se recomanda.
Observati in coltul din stanga jos o pictograma, care arata orientarea axelor X si Y
(axa X are sensul pozitiv spre dreapta, iar axa Y are sensul pozitiv in sus). Axa Z este
perpendiculara pe planul x0y, cu sensul pozitiv spre noi (adica orientate dinspre ecran
spre fata noastra).
ECRANUL INITIAL
ORIGINEA SISTEMULUI DE COORDONATE
Introducerea coordonatelor unui punct se poate face, in principal, in doua moduri:
- prin click (stanga) cu mouse-ul in suprafata de desen
- prin introducerea coordonatelor de la tastatura, in forma x,y,z
Obs. Daca nu introducem coordonata pe Z, adica introducem doar x,y, Autocad va
considera implicit ca aceasta este 0.
Exemple de coordonate:
2. www.cursuriploiesti.ro
Cursuri autocad, web design, programare web, programare C++
12,-3 inseamna:
12 unitati in sensul pozitiv al axei X
3 unitati in sensul negative al axei Y
0 pe axa Z
1.27, - .55, 33 - inseamna:
1,27 unitati in sens pozitiv pe axa X (virgula este specificata prin punct, virgula fiind
folosita la separarea coordonatelor pe fiecare axa)
0,55 unitati in sens negativ pe axa Y
33 unitati in sens pozitiv pe axa Z
MARIREA / MICSORAREA UNEI PORTIUNI DE DESEN
La inceputul unei sesiuni de desenare, Autocad afiseaza o portiune de desen
oarecare. Pentru a putea avea control asupra limitelor intre care desenam, este util sa
afisam doar portiunea care ne intereseaza. Vom folosi comanda de marire/micsorare a
unei portiuni de desen.
Obs. Orice comanda se incheie prin apasarea tastei “Enter”
Pe prompterul Command (aflat in stanga jos), scrieti de la tastatura:
ZOOM (si apasati “Enter”)
(sau prescurtat Z)
Obs.: comenzile pot fi introduce cu litere mari sau mici.
Dupa apasarea tastei “Enter”, se vor afisa o serie de optiuni:
All / Center / Dynamic………………
Va trebui sa selectati una dintre ele.
Selectarea se poate face prin apasarea literei (literelor ) mari afisate in cadrul fiecarei
optiuni.
De exemplu, pentru specificarea unei ferestre (Window) este suficient sa tastati “W”.
Tastati “W” si apasati “Enter”.
Vi se vor cere coordonatele colturilor ferestrei (trebuie ca aceste colturi sa fie diametral
opuse, si nu conteaza ordinea in care le dati, important este sa fie diametral opuse).
La cererea :Specify first corner” (specificati coordonatele primului colt), tastati 0,0 si
apasati “Enter”.
3. www.cursuriploiesti.ro
Cursuri autocad, web design, programare web, programare C++
Se vor cere coordonatele coltului diametral opus. Pentru ca dorim sa desenam pe un
format A4, tastati 297,210 si apasati “Enter”.
Exista doua tipuri principale de coordonate.
-
Coordonate rectangulare
Coordonate polare
Fiecare din acestea pot fi:
-
absolute
relative
COORDONATE RECTANGULARE ABSOLUTE
Sa folosim prima comanda de desenare a unui obiect 2D. Sa desenam o linie.
Comanda este LINE.
Pe prompterul “Command” tastati LINE (si apasati tasta “Enter”).
Pentru unele comenzi, este sufficient sa tastati prima litera sau primele doua ale
comenzii. Este cazul comenzii LINE. In loc sa scrieti LINE, puteti scrie L si apasati
“Enter”.
O linie este definita prin cel putin doua puncte.
Se vor cere coordonatele primului punct al liniei. (Specify first point). Tastati 10,10 si
apasati “Enter”.
Se vor coordonatele urmatorului punct al liniei (Specify next point). Tastati 30,10 si
apasati “Enter”.
Se cer in continuare coordinate de puncte, penrtu urmatoarele segmente, daca exista.
Apasati “Enter”, pentru ca linia noastra este compusa dintr-un singur segment, orizontal,
cu lungimea de 20 de unitati (diferenta intre coordonatele pe X ale celor doua puncte: 30
minus 10). Linia este orizontala, pentru ca avem aceeasi coordonata pe Y pentru ambele
puncte (10).
Stergerea unor obiecte.
Comanda este ERASE.
4. www.cursuriploiesti.ro
Cursuri autocad, web design, programare web, programare C++
(sau prescurtat E)
Scrieti Erase si apasati “Enter”.
Primiti cererea Select Object (selectati obiectele care vor fi sterse).
Obieectele pot fi selectate In mai multe moduri.
Unul din ele este prin puncture cu mouse-ul. Este sufficient sa dati click pe obiectul dorit.
In cazul in care doriti sa stergeti toate obiectele desenate, este mai simplu sa scrieti All,
sis a apasati “Enter”. Obiectele selectate vor aparea punctat. Se cer in continuare obiecte
de selectat, nu mai avem, apasam tasta “Enter”.
In cazul in care dorim sa refacem ultimele obiecte sterse cu cea mai recenta comanda
Erase, folosim comanda OOPS (deja cred ca nu mai este cazul sa spun : urmata de
apasarea tastei “Enter”).
COORDONATE RECTANGULARE RELATIVE.
Acestea nu mai sunt distantele pe cele 3 axe, X, Y, Z pana la originea sistemului
de coordonate.
Sunt coordonate fata de ultimul punct introdus de la tastatura.
Sunt specificate in forma @x,y.
Exemplu:
Dorim sa trasam o linie care incepe in punctul de coordinate 10,10.
Scriem L (si “Enter”).
Specificam coordonatele primului punct : 10,10 ( sunt cate 10 unitati, in sens pozitiv , pe
axele X si Y, fata de originea sistemului de coordinate). Dorim ca urmatorul punct al
liniei sa fie cu 50 de unitati mai sus, in sens pozitiv pe axa Y, fata de primul.
5. www.cursuriploiesti.ro
Cursuri autocad, web design, programare web, programare C++
Scriem : @0,50 si evident “Enter”.
Vrem ca al treilea punct al liniei, sa fie deplasat cu 30 de unitati la dreapta, in sens pozitiv
pe axa X, fata de cel de al doilea.
Scriem: @30,0 si apasam “Enter”.
La cererea coordonatelor urmatorului punct, apasam “Enter”.
MODUL DE LUCRU ORTHOGONAL.
In acest mod de lucru, putem trasa doar linii orizontale sau verticale.
Pentru a intra in modul de lucru “Ortho”, este sufficient sa dati click pe pictograma cu
doua linii perpendiculare din bara de jos. Veti primi mesajul “Ortho On”. Pentru a iesi
din acest mod de lucru, apasati din nou tasta F8. veti primi mesajul “Ortho Off”.
6. www.cursuriploiesti.ro
Cursuri autocad, web design, programare web, programare C++
Dorim sa desenam o linie, tastam L si “Enter”.
La cererea coordonatelor primului punct, dam un click cu mouse-ul, in suprafata de
desen.
La cererea coordonatelor urmatorului punct, deplasam mouse-ul in partea dreapta (fara sa
dam click, doar indicam directia), scriem 30 si apasam “Enter”. Rezulta un segment de
linie orizontal, cu lungimea de 30 de unitati.
La cererea coordonatelor urmatorului punct, deplasam mouse-ul in sus, fata de pozitia
curenta, ca sa indicam directia, scriem 45 si apasam “Enter”.
Deplasam mouse-ul la stanga, scriem 22 si apasam “Enter”.
Deplasam mouse-ul in jos, scriem 60 si apasam “Enter”.
Incheiem comanda Line prin apasarea tastei “Enter”.
Desenul ar trebui sa arate asa:
7. www.cursuriploiesti.ro
Cursuri autocad, web design, programare web, programare C++
Al doilea tip de coordonate:
COORDONATE POLARE.
Si coordonatele polare au doua forme: absolute si relative.
ABSOLUTE:
Sunt specificate in forma:
Distanta<unghi (adica o valoare numerica pentru distanta, semnul de “mai mic” si o
valoare numerica pentru unghi), si inseamna:
Distanta- este distanta fata de originea sistemului de coordonate
Unghi- este unghiul, in grade, masurat in sens trigonometric (invers acelor de ceasornic),
fata de axa OX.
RELATIVE:
Sunt specificate in forma
@distanta<unghi, si reprezinta distanta si unghiul fata de ultimul punct introdus de la
tastatura.
Exemplu:
Dorim sa trasam o linie care pleaca din originea sistemului de coordinate, primul segment
al liniei are lungimea de 30 si este inclinat la 45 de grade, fata de axa OX, masurat in sens
pozitiv, iar al doilea segment are lungimea de 100 de unitati si este vertical.
Vom scrie:
L si apasam tasta “Enter”
8. www.cursuriploiesti.ro
Cursuri autocad, web design, programare web, programare C++
Introducem coordonatele primului punct: 0,0 (adica originea sistemului de coordonate), si
apasam “Enter”.
Specificam al doilea punct:
30<45 si apasam “Enter”
Specificam al treilea punct:
@100<90 si apasam “Enter” (va fi o linie, deplasat cu 100 de unitati in sus, fata de
ultimul punct introdus de la tastatura).
Incheiem comanda Line prin apsarea tastei “Enter”.
DESENAREA CERCURILOR
CIRCLE
Ca si la comanda Line, este suficient sa introducem prima litera : C.
Scriem de la tastatura:
C si apasam “Enter”.
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Se cer coordonatele centrului cercului.
Scriem : 100,100 si apasam “Enter”.
Se cere raza cercului.
Scriem :
30 si apasam tasta “Enter”
Rezulta cercul din imagine.
A doua metoda este desenarea unui cerc folosind centrul cercului si diametrul.
Scriem:
C si apasam tasta “Enter”.
Se cer coordonatele centrului cercului.
Scriem:
150,150 si apasam tasta “Enter”.
Daca acum vom introduce o valoare numerica, Autocad va considera ca aceasta este raza
cercului. Dorim insa, sa introducem diametrul.
Scriem:
D (de la Diameter) si apasam tasta “Enter”
Introducem valoarea pentru diametru:
45 si apasam tasta “Enter”
Rezulta cercul din imagine (cel din dreapta).
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DESENAREA DREPTUNGHIURILOR (care pot fi si patrate) :
RECTANGLE.
Se vor cere coordonatele a doua colturi diametral opuse ale dreptunghiului.
Scriem:
RECTANGLE si apasam tasta “Enter”.
Primul colt are coordonatele la 10,10.
Scriem:
10,10 si apasam tasta “Enter”
Desenam un patrat cu latura de 100.
La cererea coordonatelor coltului diametral opus, scriem:
@100,100 si apasam tasta “Enter”.
Al doilea colt, va fi deplasat cu cate 100 de unitati, fata de primul, pe axele X si Y.
Rezulta figura din imagine.
COMENZI DE EDITARE
ROTIREA OBIECTELOR
Comanda este :
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ROTATE
(sau prescurtat RO)
Selectam obiectul: click pe patrat.
Select object: nu mai avem , apasam Enter.
Punctul de baza: este punctul fata de care Autocad va roti obiectul. Selectam coltul
patratului: 10,10 si apasam tasta “Enter”.
Unghiul de rotatie: este unghiul in grade, masurat in sens trigonometric, cu care obiectul
va fi rotit.
Scriem:
45 si apasam tasta “Enter”.
Sa mutam patratul desenat anterior.
Comanda pentru mutarea unor obiecte este : MOVE
Scriem:
MOVE (sau prescurtat M) si apasam tasta “Enter”.
Se cere sa selectam obiectele care vor fi mutate.
Selectam patratul: dam click pe oricare din cele 4 laturi.
Obiectul selectat apar punctat, si primim mesajul : 1 found.
Ni se cer in continuare sa selectam obiecte (Select object). Nu mai avem ,
apasam”Enter”.
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Ni se cere sa specificam un punct de baza. Este punctul din care Autocad va “agata”
obiectul selectat. Specificam punctul de coordinate 10,10.
Se cere sa specifica care este punctual in care obiectul va fi mutat. Deplasati mouse-ul
undeva in suprafata de desen , si dati click.
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Polilinii
Ce este o polilinie?
O polilinie este o inlantuire de segmente de linii si/sau arce.
Care sunt diferentele dintre o polilinie si o linie:
Prima diferenta este ca o polilinie poate contine si arce.
A doua diferenta este ca poate avea grosime.
A treia diferenta este ca o polilinie este privita ca un obiect (deci daca selectam orice
segment, intreaga polilinie este selectata).
Incepeti o sesiune de desen.
Dati comanda Zoom
W (de la window)
Primul colt: 0,0
Al doilea colt: 12,9
Sa se deseneze obiectul din figura. Cele doua segmente orizontale de linii au lungimea de
5, iar arcele au raza de 2.
Comanda pentru desenarea unei polilinii:
PL
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Specificati primul punct: 3,3
Intrati in modul de lucru orthogonal
Deplasati mouse-ul in partea dreapta , scrieti 5 (distanta) si apasati Enter.
Ati desenat segmentul de sus.
Tastati “A” ( de la arc)- specificati ca urmeaza un arc de cerc. Deplasati mouse-ul in jos
(indicate astfel directia in care va fi trasat arcul), scrieti 4 (distanta pana la punctual de
sfarsit al arcului). Ati desenat arcul de cerc din partea dreapta. Urmeaza o linie.
Tastati “l” . Deplasati mouse-ul in partea stanga, scrieti 5 si apasati Enter.
Urmeaza un arc de cerc. Scrieti “A” si dati Enter”. Deplasati mouse-ul in sus si scrieti 4.
Ati ajuns in punctul initial. Dati Enter sa iesiti din comanda Pline.
Grosime
O polilinie poate avea grosime. Mai mult, grosimea de inceput a segmentului poate diferi
de cea de sfarsit.
Sa se deseneze o polilinie cu lungimea de 10, grosime de inceput 0.5, iar cea de sfarsit de
1.
Comanda este Pl (si enter).
Primul punct :3,3
Cand se cer coordonatele celui de-al doilea punct, scriem W (de la width- grosime). Se
cere grosimea de inceput. Scriem 0.5 si dam Enter. Se cere grosimea de sfarsit. Ni se
propune sa fie egala cu cea de inceput. Daca acceptam 0.5, este sufficient sa apasam
Enter. Nu vrem, asa ca scriem : 1 si dam Enter. Se cer coordonatele urmatorului punct.
Suntem in F8, deplasam mouse-ul in partea dreapta, scriem 10 si dam Enter. Se cer in
continuare puncte, nu mai avem, incheiem comanda prin apasarea tastei Enter.
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Retezarea obiectelor
Comanda este TRIM.
Desenati o linie care intersecteaza un cerc.
Dati comanda TRIM. Dorim sa retezam semicercul superior.
Se selecteaza intai obiectele care taie. Selectam linia. Se cer in continuare obiecte care
taie. Nu mai avem, dam Enter.
Se cere sa selectam obiectele care vor fi retezate. Selectam cercul in partea superioara.
Se cer in continuare obiecte care vor fi taiate. Nu mai avem, dam Enter.
Selectati obiectul din care se reteaza. Selectati linia, in portiunea interioara cercului.
Nu mai avem obiecte din care se taie, dam Enter.
Racordarea obiectelor
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Raza de racordare
La inceputul oricarei sesiuni de desenare raza de racordare implicita este 0.
Desenati doua linii in atingere certa.
Comanda este Fillet. Scrieti Fillet si dati enter.
Scrieti r (de la radius- raza). Se cere sa specificati raza. Scrieti 2 si dati Enter.
Se cere sa specificati primul obiect. Selectati una din linii
Se cere sa specificati al doilea obiect.
Selectati cealalta linie.
Sisteme de coordonate definite de utilizator
Exista doua sisteme de coordonate in Autocad.
WCS – world coordinate system (sistem de coordonate lumesc), cel implicit, folosit de
Autocad la inceputul oricarei sesiuni de desenare.
UCS- user coordinate system- sistem de coordonate definit de utilizator.
Desenati o linie, din punctual de coordonate 2,2, pana in punctul de coordonate 10,3.
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Vom muta originea sistemului de coordonate in capatul din stanga al liniei.
Comanda este UCS (si enter).
N- de la New- dorim sa specificam un nou UCS (si Enter).
Se cere originea noului sistem de coordonate. Scriem 2,2 si dam Enter.
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Din acest moment toate coordonatele se vor calcula fata de capatul din stanga al liniei.
Se poate reveni la sistemul de coordonate initial oricand.
UCS si Enter.
W (de la World coordinate system) si Enter.
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COPIEREA OBIECTELOR
Comanda functioneaza identic cu comanda pentru mutarea obiectelor. Singura diferenta
este ca, la mutare, obiectele dispar din pozitia initiala, iar la copiere, raman si in aceasta.
Sa incepem o sesiune de editare.
Afisam o portiune de ecran corespunzatoare unui format A4.
ZOOM (Enter)
Coordonate colt stanga jos: 0,0 (Enter)
Coordonate colt dreapta sus: 297,210 (Enter)
Desenam o linie orizontala cu lungimea de 25 de unitati
L (Enter)
Punct de start: 15,15 (Enter)
Urmatorul punct: @40,10 (Enter)
(Enter)- sa iesim din comanda Line
Copy – sau prescurtat CO(Enter)
Selectez obiecte: punctam linia
Selectez obiecte: (Enter)
Punct de baza: 15,15 (punctul din care Autocad va “agata” linia pentru copiere)
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Punctul in care linia se va deplasa: click cu mouse-ul intr-un punct dorit
PARALELE
Ducem o paralela la ultima linie copiata, la o distanta de 20 de unitati.
Comanda este:
Offset (Enter)
Introduceti distanta: 20 (Enter)
Selectati obiectul: selectati linia prin punctare cu mouse-ul.
Linia selectata imparte planul desenului in doua semiplane:
- semiplanul superior, situate in partea de deasupra
- semiplanul inferior, situat in partea de jos
Trebuie sa specificati un punct, intr-unul din cele doua semiplane.
Specificati un punct in semiplanul inferior, prin punctare cu mouse-ul, si dati Enter ca sa
iesiti din comanda.
Desenati un cerc, cu centrul in punctul 100,100 si raza de 10.
Scrieti comanda Offset si Enter.
Distanta: 2 si Enter
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Selectati obiectul: selectati cercul
Partea in care ducem o entitate paralela (cercul imparte planul in doua semiplane:
semiplanul interior cercului si semiplanul exterior cercului); dati un click in semiplanul
exterior si Enter ca sa iesim din comanda.
Va rezulta un cerc cu raza de 12 unitati.
Sa ne convingem.
Comanda prin care aflam informatii despre unul sau mai multe obiecte desenate este
LIST.
Scrieti List si dati Enter.
Selectati obiecte: selectati cercul exterior si dati Enter (nu mai avem alte obiecte de
selectat).
Se deschide o fereastra.
Se vede ca cercul are centrul in punctul de coordonate 100,100,0 si raza (radius) de 12.
Inchideti fereastra din coltul din dreapta sus (click pe X- butonul de inchidere).
ALTA MODALITATE DE A MUTA OBIECTE
Dorim sa mutam cercul exterior, cu 10 unitati la dreapta, in sens pozitiv al axei OX.
MOVE (Enter)
Selectati cercul exterior prin punctare cu mouse-ul.
Nu mai avem alte obiecte de mutat, tastati Enter.
La cererea de specificare a punctului de baza, scrieti 10,0 si tastati DE DOUA ORI Enter.
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La fel putem copia obiecte.
Dorim sa copiem cercul mic, mai jos cu 22 de unitati fata de pozitia actuala, adica cu
distanta 0 pe Ox si -22 pe Oy (in sens negative al axei Oy).
Scriem Copy si Enter.
Selectati obiecte: selectati cercul mic.
Selectati obiecte: nu mai avem, dam Enter.
Specificati punctul de baza:
Scriem 0,-22 si apasam de DOUA ORI tasta Enter.
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Copiem cel de al treilea cerc rezultat., cel mai de jos, cu 100 de unitati mai jos pe Axa
Oz.
Axa Oz, este perpendicular ape planul xOy, cu sensul pozitiv spre noi.
Copy si enter.
Selectati obiecte: selectati cercul.
Selectati obiecte: nu mai avem altele, dam enter.
Scriem 0,0,-100 si dam de doua ori Enter.
Evident, in acest moment nu vedem nimic. Cercurile sunt suprapuse, unul in planul xOy,
iar cel de al doilea, mai jos cu 100 de unitati.
Punctul din care Autocad “vede” desenul la inceputul uneui sesiuni de desenare , este
punctul de coordonate 0,0,1.
Ca sa vedem obiectele in 3D (chiar daca sunt obiecte bidimensionale), trebuie sa
specificam alt punct.
Comanda este VPOINT ( de la View Point) si enter.
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Scrieti: 1,1,1 si dati Enter.
Ca sa revenim la situatia anterioara, este sufficient sa scriem:
VPOINT si Enter.
0,0,1
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POLIGON
Putem desena poligoane regulate inscrise in cerc, sau circumscrise unui cerc, cu un
numar de laturi cuprins intre 3 si 1024.
Comanda este Polygon, urmata evident de apasarea tastei Enter.
Trasam un polygon inscris intr-un cerc.
Polygon si Enter
Se cere numarul de laturi: dati 6 si Enter
Coordonatele centrului poligonului: 60,112
Selectati o optiune: I pentru inscris in cerc, sau C pentru circumscris cercului. Implicit,
intre parantezele unghiulare (semnele < si >), se gaseste I, deci este sufficient sa dam
Enter.
Introduceti raza poligonului: 6
Desenam acum un polygon circumscris unui cerc.
Polygon
Numar de laturi: 6
Coordonate centru: 82,112
C (de la circumscris)
Raza: 6
TRASAREA UNUI ARC DE CERC.
Aceasta se poate realiza in mai multe moduri
Metoda1: metoda celor 3 puncte ( punctul de start al arcului, un punct intermediar care
apartine circumferintei, si punctul final al arcului ).
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Comanda este ARC, evident si Enter
Se cer coordonatele primului punct al arcului.
Specificati, prin puncture cu mouse-ul, un punct ca in figura.
Se cer coordonatele celui de al doilea punct al arcului.
Observatie:
Autocad traseaza arcele in sens trigonometric, adica invers acelor de ceasornic.
Deplasati mouse-ul in partea dreapta, si dati click.
Se cer coordonatele celui de al treilea punct (si ultimul).
Dati un click.
Cea de a doua metoda, folosind centrul arcului.
ARC
Se specifica primul punct.
Se introduce C de la center- centru.
Se specifica centrul arcului.
Se specifica punctul de sfarsit.
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Cea de a treia metoda:
Punct de start, centru si unghi inclus.
ARC
Primul punct: cu mouse-ul
C - de la center si enter
Centrul: cu mouse-ul
A de la angle-unghi si Enter
45
Obtinem arcul.
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SCHIMBAREA PROPRIETATILOR UNOR OBIECTE
Pe parcursul unui desen, putem schimba proprietatile unui obiect (este vorba despre
culoare, elevatie- vom discuta mai tarziu despre aceasta, tip de linie, grosimea liniei).
Acum ne ocupam de schimbarea culorii.
Vom schimba culoarea tuturor arcelor din desen.
Comanda este CHANGE (si evident Enter).
Selectam, pe rand, toate cele 3 arce.
Dam Enter dupa ultimul arc selectat.
Suntem intrebati ce anume schimbam la obiectele selectate: tastam P- de la properties
(proprietati) si Enter.
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Suntem intrebati ce proprietate schimbam: tastam C- de la color- culoare
Introducem numele noii culori: red (rosu) si tastam de dpua ori Enter pentru a finaliza
comanda.
Obiectele apar in culoarea rosie.
COMANDA PENTRU TESIREA UNOR OBIECTE.
Stergem tot desenul anterior.
Erase si Enter
All si de doua ori Enter
Desenam doua segmente de linie.
L si enter
0,0
30,0
@0,30
Comanda de tesire este:
CHAMFER si Enter
Liniile pot fi tesite cu aceeasi distanta, sau cu distante diferite. Sunteti anuntati ca
distantele de tesire (dist1 si dist2) sunt zero. Trebuie sa le schimbam.
Dorim tesirea cu 3 unitati linia orizontala si cu 1 unitate pe cea verticala.
Introducem d- de la distance (distanta).
Suntem intrebati care este prima distanta. Introducem 3 si dam Enter.
Suntem intrebati care este a doua distanta de tesire, si se propune sa fie egala cu prima.
Daca dam Enter, cele doua vor fi egale. Nu vrem, asa ca scriem 1 si dam Enter.
Acum se cere sa selectam prima linie. Acesteia I se va asocia prima distanta.
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Selectam linia orizontala.
Se cere sa selectam a doua entitate. Selectam linia verticala.
Desenul arata ca mai sus.