Male travelers have traditionally symbolized adventure and risk-taking, according to the document. For example, Graham Hughes became the first person to visit 201 countries using only buses, trains, and walking. The document also discusses how Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay were the first to reach the summit of Mount Everest in 1953. However, the document notes that pioneering journeys have mostly only involved males in history. It goes on to analyze how tourism has traditionally reinforced stereotypes of masculinity and male dominance through activities like sex tourism and the male gaze. One example discussed is the Red Light District in Amsterdam and how guided tours there treat the prostitutes and their bodies as commodities for the male tourist gaze.
The document discusses how tourism advertising both reinforces and challenges stereotypes of femininity. It is shown that advertising often portrays women as objects for male pleasure or reinforces ideas of women's primary role being in the home. However, some advertising has begun to challenge this by featuring women traveling independently or engaging in adventurous activities traditionally associated with masculinity like rock climbing or mountaineering. However, the effect of these challenges is limited as the industry overall continues to rely on and propagate patriarchal ideas of gender.
The document discusses how tourism both reinforces and challenges stereotypes of females. It is reinforced through portraying traveling as masculine and viewing local women as sex objects. However, some portrayals of independent female tourists challenge the notion that women cannot travel alone. Still, true challenges to patriarchal structures of tourism remain limited. The tourism industry relies on stereotypes of gender to be commercially successful.
The My Dream Vacation USA press event was held on October 11, 2012 at BabyBoss City in Taipei. Representatives from 46 US destinations, travel agents, airlines, and service providers supported the program. Welcoming remarks were given by executives from BabyBoss City, the American Institute in Taiwan Commercial Section Chief, and the Vice Chair of Discover America. Presentations were given about attractions at US amusement and theme parks and an English learning program at Walt Disney World.
The document discusses themes of memory and identity in the films Dark City, Ghost in the Shell, and Blade Runner. In Dark City, aliens manipulate and swap people's memories to control the city. In Ghost in the Shell, memories can be hacked and false memories implanted via technology. In Blade Runner, replicants have implanted memories to seem more human. The films explore how memories define identity and individuality, and how that can be undermined by artificial manipulation of memories. They also reflect postmodern ideas about the constructed and relative nature of reality and truth.
Male travellers have traditionally symbolized adventure and risk-taking, according to historical accounts that usually only mentioned male achievements. For example, Graham Hughes was the first man to visit 201 countries using limited funds. Touring has long been seen as a way for men to experience growth and escape domestic responsibilities. Some male travelers visit places like the Red Light District in Amsterdam seeking alcohol, entertainment and sex. Guided tours introduce tourists to the sex industry as a "staged authenticity" where the female bodies are commodified and the male gaze is reinforced. While both male and female tourists now visit such places out of curiosity, the sex industry was originally intended for men's sexual desires.
The document discusses proposals for urban renewal projects in Koon Tong, Hong Kong. It describes the history and existing problems of the area, including pollution, lack of facilities, and traffic congestion. Two specific renewal projects are outlined, focusing on developing commercial areas, recreational spaces, and improving community facilities. Some concerns about the proposals include disrupting traffic, limiting public access to spaces, loss of local culture, and existing residents not being able to return. The document also discusses how industrial buildings have been repurposed for storage, art, and music in other areas.
1. The document discusses guidelines for a multiple choice exam containing 60 questions. Candidates must answer any 50 questions, with the first 50 attempted being evaluated.
2. At the start of the exam, candidates have 5 minutes to verify the question booklet matches the cover details. They must fill in identification details on the answer sheet and question booklet.
3. The exam consists of multiple choice questions with options A, B, C or D. Candidates must darken the correct answer oval on the answer sheet.
Kerajaan kediri, kerajaan singasari, dan kerajaanIga Igo
Kerajaan Kediri, Singasari, dan Majapahit merupakan kerajaan-kerajaan besar di Jawa timur. Kerajaan Kediri berdiri pada abad ke-12 dan jatuh akibat pemberontakan oleh Ken Arok. Ken Arok kemudian mendirikan Kerajaan Singasari yang mencapai kejayaannya di bawah Raja Kertanegara. Namun Singasari juga jatuh akibat serangan dari Cina dan Jayakatwang. Raden Wijaya
The document discusses how tourism advertising both reinforces and challenges stereotypes of femininity. It is shown that advertising often portrays women as objects for male pleasure or reinforces ideas of women's primary role being in the home. However, some advertising has begun to challenge this by featuring women traveling independently or engaging in adventurous activities traditionally associated with masculinity like rock climbing or mountaineering. However, the effect of these challenges is limited as the industry overall continues to rely on and propagate patriarchal ideas of gender.
The document discusses how tourism both reinforces and challenges stereotypes of females. It is reinforced through portraying traveling as masculine and viewing local women as sex objects. However, some portrayals of independent female tourists challenge the notion that women cannot travel alone. Still, true challenges to patriarchal structures of tourism remain limited. The tourism industry relies on stereotypes of gender to be commercially successful.
The My Dream Vacation USA press event was held on October 11, 2012 at BabyBoss City in Taipei. Representatives from 46 US destinations, travel agents, airlines, and service providers supported the program. Welcoming remarks were given by executives from BabyBoss City, the American Institute in Taiwan Commercial Section Chief, and the Vice Chair of Discover America. Presentations were given about attractions at US amusement and theme parks and an English learning program at Walt Disney World.
The document discusses themes of memory and identity in the films Dark City, Ghost in the Shell, and Blade Runner. In Dark City, aliens manipulate and swap people's memories to control the city. In Ghost in the Shell, memories can be hacked and false memories implanted via technology. In Blade Runner, replicants have implanted memories to seem more human. The films explore how memories define identity and individuality, and how that can be undermined by artificial manipulation of memories. They also reflect postmodern ideas about the constructed and relative nature of reality and truth.
Male travellers have traditionally symbolized adventure and risk-taking, according to historical accounts that usually only mentioned male achievements. For example, Graham Hughes was the first man to visit 201 countries using limited funds. Touring has long been seen as a way for men to experience growth and escape domestic responsibilities. Some male travelers visit places like the Red Light District in Amsterdam seeking alcohol, entertainment and sex. Guided tours introduce tourists to the sex industry as a "staged authenticity" where the female bodies are commodified and the male gaze is reinforced. While both male and female tourists now visit such places out of curiosity, the sex industry was originally intended for men's sexual desires.
The document discusses proposals for urban renewal projects in Koon Tong, Hong Kong. It describes the history and existing problems of the area, including pollution, lack of facilities, and traffic congestion. Two specific renewal projects are outlined, focusing on developing commercial areas, recreational spaces, and improving community facilities. Some concerns about the proposals include disrupting traffic, limiting public access to spaces, loss of local culture, and existing residents not being able to return. The document also discusses how industrial buildings have been repurposed for storage, art, and music in other areas.
1. The document discusses guidelines for a multiple choice exam containing 60 questions. Candidates must answer any 50 questions, with the first 50 attempted being evaluated.
2. At the start of the exam, candidates have 5 minutes to verify the question booklet matches the cover details. They must fill in identification details on the answer sheet and question booklet.
3. The exam consists of multiple choice questions with options A, B, C or D. Candidates must darken the correct answer oval on the answer sheet.
Kerajaan kediri, kerajaan singasari, dan kerajaanIga Igo
Kerajaan Kediri, Singasari, dan Majapahit merupakan kerajaan-kerajaan besar di Jawa timur. Kerajaan Kediri berdiri pada abad ke-12 dan jatuh akibat pemberontakan oleh Ken Arok. Ken Arok kemudian mendirikan Kerajaan Singasari yang mencapai kejayaannya di bawah Raja Kertanegara. Namun Singasari juga jatuh akibat serangan dari Cina dan Jayakatwang. Raden Wijaya
Tourism advertising often reinforces gender stereotypes portraying women as objects for male pleasure. However, some advertisements are challenging these stereotypes by showing women traveling independently and engaging in adventurous activities traditionally associated with masculinity like rock climbing. Still, true change will require transforming the patriarchal structures that underlie the tourism industry. Women remain largely absent from depictions of tourists exploring nature, and their roles are rarely redefined beyond serving the masculine gaze.
The document discusses how tourism both reinforces and challenges stereotypes of females. It is reinforced through portraying traveling as masculine and focusing on male adventurers. Females are often depicted as sexual objects for male pleasure. However, some portrayals have challenged this by showing women traveling independently and having their own adventures in nature, redefining what it means to be female. However, true change requires transforming the underlying patriarchal structure of the tourism industry.
The document discusses how tourism both reinforces and challenges stereotypes of femininity. It is reinforced through portraying travel as a masculine activity and depicting local women as sexual objects for male tourists' gazes. However, some portrayals show women traveling independently and engaging in adventurous activities traditionally associated with masculinity, challenging the stereotype of women being restricted to the home. Still, the industry remains largely patriarchal overall.
This document discusses how tourism both reinforces and challenges stereotypes of femininity. It is argued that the tourism industry often portrays women and destinations in gendered ways that reinforce the male gaze. For example, women are depicted as sexual objects in destinations like Amsterdam's red light district. However, the document also discusses how some portrayals are beginning to challenge stereotypes by showing women traveling independently or having achievements like mountaineering. But overall, the structure of tourism relies on patriarchal notions of gender.
The document discusses how tourism both reinforces and challenges stereotypes of females. It is reinforced through portraying travel as masculine and depicting local women as sexual objects. The red light district in Amsterdam packages tours to legitimize the male gaze. However, some portrayals feature women as independent travelers, and local women as tour guides challenges imperialist views of foreign women. While tourism provides some opportunities to redefine femininity, the industry overall continues to rely on patriarchal structures.
This document discusses how tourism both reinforces and challenges stereotypes of females. Stereotypes of females as weak and restricted to the home are reinforced through tourism marketing portraying local women as exotic and submissive. However, some portrayals feature women as independent travelers, challenging the notion of women requiring male protection. While tourism provides some opportunities to redefine femininity, the industry overall continues to rely on patriarchal structures that objectify women.
This document discusses how tourism both reinforces and challenges stereotypes of women. Stereotypes of women as sexually available are reinforced through practices like sex tourism and packaging of destinations like Amsterdam's red light district. However, some portrayals of women in tourism marketing challenge the stereotype of women as confined to the home by depicting women travelers. Still, the document argues that tourism remains largely patriarchal.
The document discusses the concept of "Tourism Incognita" which refers to places unknown to tourists. It presents a framework that includes "Terra Cognita" (known places), "Terra Intimidus" (known but avoided places), and "Terra Incognita" (truly unknown places). Alternative forms of tourism that may explore less known areas are described, alongside the tensions between safety/familiarity and risk/novelty in tourist experiences. The conclusion advocates for balancing these factors and maintaining curiosity to keep opening new realms of discovery.
Tourism advertising often reinforces gender stereotypes portraying women as objects for male pleasure. However, some advertisements are challenging these stereotypes by showing women traveling independently and engaging in adventurous activities traditionally associated with masculinity like rock climbing. Still, true change will require transforming the patriarchal structures that underlie the tourism industry. Women remain largely absent from depictions of tourists exploring nature, and their roles are rarely redefined beyond serving the masculine gaze.
The document discusses how tourism both reinforces and challenges stereotypes of females. It is reinforced through portraying traveling as masculine and focusing on male adventurers. Females are often depicted as sexual objects for male pleasure. However, some portrayals have challenged this by showing women traveling independently and having their own adventures in nature, redefining what it means to be female. However, true change requires transforming the underlying patriarchal structure of the tourism industry.
The document discusses how tourism both reinforces and challenges stereotypes of femininity. It is reinforced through portraying travel as a masculine activity and depicting local women as sexual objects for male tourists' gazes. However, some portrayals show women traveling independently and engaging in adventurous activities traditionally associated with masculinity, challenging the stereotype of women being restricted to the home. Still, the industry remains largely patriarchal overall.
This document discusses how tourism both reinforces and challenges stereotypes of femininity. It is argued that the tourism industry often portrays women and destinations in gendered ways that reinforce the male gaze. For example, women are depicted as sexual objects in destinations like Amsterdam's red light district. However, the document also discusses how some portrayals are beginning to challenge stereotypes by showing women traveling independently or having achievements like mountaineering. But overall, the structure of tourism relies on patriarchal notions of gender.
The document discusses how tourism both reinforces and challenges stereotypes of females. It is reinforced through portraying travel as masculine and depicting local women as sexual objects. The red light district in Amsterdam packages tours to legitimize the male gaze. However, some portrayals feature women as independent travelers, and local women as tour guides challenges imperialist views of foreign women. While tourism provides some opportunities to redefine femininity, the industry overall continues to rely on patriarchal structures.
This document discusses how tourism both reinforces and challenges stereotypes of females. Stereotypes of females as weak and restricted to the home are reinforced through tourism marketing portraying local women as exotic and submissive. However, some portrayals feature women as independent travelers, challenging the notion of women requiring male protection. While tourism provides some opportunities to redefine femininity, the industry overall continues to rely on patriarchal structures that objectify women.
This document discusses how tourism both reinforces and challenges stereotypes of women. Stereotypes of women as sexually available are reinforced through practices like sex tourism and packaging of destinations like Amsterdam's red light district. However, some portrayals of women in tourism marketing challenge the stereotype of women as confined to the home by depicting women travelers. Still, the document argues that tourism remains largely patriarchal.
The document discusses the concept of "Tourism Incognita" which refers to places unknown to tourists. It presents a framework that includes "Terra Cognita" (known places), "Terra Intimidus" (known but avoided places), and "Terra Incognita" (truly unknown places). Alternative forms of tourism that may explore less known areas are described, alongside the tensions between safety/familiarity and risk/novelty in tourist experiences. The conclusion advocates for balancing these factors and maintaining curiosity to keep opening new realms of discovery.
2. *The travelling of men often symbolizes “adventures”
and “risk-taking” & “bravery”
*E.g. The first man who visited 201 countries
*Graham Hughes, 33, used buses, taxis, trains and his
own two feet to travel 160,000 miles in exactly 1,426
days - all on a shoestring of just $100 a week
*His lowest point was when his sister, Nicole, died of
cancer two years ago
*He says: 'I think I wanted to show that the world is not
some big, scary place, but in fact is full of people who
want to help you”
*(Blake, 2012)
3. * New Zealander Edmund Hillary and Nepalese
Tenzing Norgay reached the top of Mount
Everest, the highest mountain in the world, at
11:30 a.m. on May 29, 1953
*The first couple to climb up the Mountain
(Rosenberg)
4. Only MALE is mentioned in such pioneering
journey & in history.
5. *Male: Dominates travelling
*=> growth and maturity
*=> becoming a “man”
*Women: Stays at home and looks after children
*=> “Good girls go to Heaven. Bad girls go
everywhere” (Enloe,2000, P.21)
*“[Tourism] is a set of presumptions about
manhood, education and
pleasure”(Enloe,2000,p.28)
6. *Male travellers might opt for alcohol,
entertainments & sex escape
*Visit bars and pubs
*E.g. Moulin Rouge in France
⇒Enjoy Can Can dance
⇒Male gaze in sexual female bodies
⇒Though tourists of both sexes can go there
(maybe out of curiosity)
⇒Originally: For man’s sexual desire only
“Women are something to be experienced”
(Enloe,2000,P.28)
7. *Case Study:
*Red Light District in Netherland
*https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
rsKe3rMc5fo
(0:47)
8. *For Fordism:
*Production oriented: sell similar sexual services
*Highly standardized : Expected range of
services & charges
*Tourists gaze (exotic; unlike the prostitutes in
homeland)
*Extraordinary (away from everyday)
9. *Window “shopping” for sex services
*=> reinforced male gaze
*=> female bodies are being commodified
*=> Sell herself like the mannequins sell clothes
*Inferiority of the locals; superiority of the foreign male tourists
10.
11.
12. *Efficiency: Two hour tour to walk through RLD &
Museum of Prostitution
*Calculability
*=>From USD $ 34.87 (expected price)
*Predictability
⇒You know where you’re going, doing & seeing
⇒E.g. Guided walk, visiting museum, and
witnessing the prostitutes for your own eyes
Homogeneity
*Same tour day by day, on & on
13. *Tourists believe that they are “insiders”, who
are able to see the “real” stuff
* Yet it is merely “staged authenticity”
*A “show” viewed by the foreign tourists
*Not only male gaze is reinforced, but also
tourist gaze
14. Women (prostitutes) => Dangerous
Classified as “dark side” of the City (then what about casinos
and pubs?)
Locals: “friendly”, “knowledgeable” and “reliable”
=> Superficial social relations (like a trustworthy “friend” or
“brother”)
Has to rely on the local guide in order to be “safe”
Make the place sounds like more dangerous and risky
=> Don’t go by yourself alone!
15. *Adrenaline rush by witnessing the sexy
prostitutes in the window display
*More than the gaze by male
⇒As well as female tourists
⇒View the prostitutes as if they are sex objects
=>Male gaze is being legitimized by such tours
16. *Condoms are one of the “must-have” souvenirs
from Holland
*Signify the sexual freedom of the country
*Attract tourists who want to experience and
satisfy they sexual desire
*“Sexualized” Holland => as a sex paradise
17. *Blake, M. (2012, Nov 27). British man becomes
first person to visit all 201 countries.. without
using a plane read more:
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-
2239087/graham-hughes-british-man-person-
visit-201-countries-without-using-plane.html
*Coinseurotrip. (Performer). (2011, Mar 2).
Amsterdam Red Light District HD [Web Video].
Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=rsKe3rMc5fo
*Enloe, C. (2000). “On the Beach.” Bananas,
Beaches, and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of
International Politics. Berkeley: University of
California Press. 19-41.
18. *Rosenberg, J. (n.d.). The first to climb mount
everest. Retrieved from
http://history1900s.about.com/od/1950s/qt/
mteverest.htm