The document traces the transition of power in India from Mughal rule to British East India Company rule. It discusses key figures like Aurangzeb, the last powerful Mughal ruler who died in 1707. It then covers the establishment of British trading posts in India and conflicts with local rulers like Siraj ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Bengal, which culminated in the Battle of Plassey in 1757 and Robert Clive establishing company rule. It further discusses the company eliminating threats from other rulers like the Marathas and formally taking control of more territories by the mid-19th century under figures like Dalhousie, leading to direct British colonial rule.

1. Ghanashyam S. Katti VIII-B From Trade To Territory

2. POINTS Aurangzeb was the last powerful Mughal ruler. ( died in 1707 ) Bahadur Shah Zafar was forced to leave the kingdom in 1857. In 1600 East India Company acquired a charter from the ruler of England. Mercantile companies in those days primarily to make more profit.

3. MUGHAL EMPEROR AURANGZEB

4. BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR

5. ENGLAND RULER-QUEEN ELIZABETH 1

6. POINTS The sea route to India was discovered by Vasco Da Gama in 1498. Afterwards French came to trade in India. Fine quality silk and cotton was produced in India. In 17th to 18th century the traders sank each other's ship. Effort to fortify settlements and carry profitable trade led to conflict amongst local rulers

7. Vasco Da Gama

8. THE SEA ROUTE

9. POINTS The 1st factory of East India Company was set up on the banks of river Hughli in 1651. By 1696 it began building forts around the settlements. Kolkata was first Kalikata ,then Calcutta and afterwards became Kolkata. Farman is a royal edict, royal order. At that time Murshid Quli Khan was the Nawab of Bengal

10. LOCAL BOATS CARRYING GOODS FROM MADRAS

11. MURSHID QULI KHAN

12. POINTS After Aurangzeb's death the Bengal Nawabs asserted their power and autonomy Murshid Quli Khan was followed by Alivardi Khan and then by Sirajuddaulah as the Nawab of Bengal. The conflicts led to confrontations and finally culminated in the famous battle of Plassey.

13. ALIVARDI KHAN

14. SIRAJUDDAULAH KHAN

15. POINTS Alivardi khan died in 1756 , Sirajddaulah became the Nawab of Bengal. Sirajddaulah marched 30,000 soldiers to the English factory at Kassimbazar ,captured the company officials, locked the warehouse, disarmed all Englishmen and blockaded English ships. Finally in 1757 Robert Clive led the company's army against Sirajddaulah at Plassey.

16. ROBERT CLIVE

17. POINTS Robert Clive promised Mir Jafar that if he wins the battle against Sirajddaulah he will make him the Nawab of Bengal. Sirajddaulah was assassinated and Mir Jafar was made the Nawab. Mir Jafar was deposed because he was protesting for dignity and sovereignty and hence was replaced by Mir Qasim. Mir Qasim lost the war at Buxar in 1764 and Mir Jafar was reinstalled.

18. MIR JAFAR

19. MIR QASIM

20. POINTS In 17th-18th century Nawabs had to pay 5,00,000 rupees. Mir Jafar died in 1765. And Clive declared -"We must indeed become Nawabs ourselves" Clive collected 401,102 pounds of Indian fortune. Robert Clive committed suicide in 1774. "Nabobs is an English word for Nawab.

21. TIPU SULTAN

22. TIPU'S TOY TIGER

23. POINTS Richard Wellesley had to pay a little part of his territory as a penalty. Haider Ali was the ruler of Mysore from 1761 to 1782. Tipu Sultan stopped the export of sandalwood, pepper and cardamom. Haider and Tipu together were ambitious , arrogant and dangerous.

24. RICHARD WELLESLEY

25. HAIDER ALI

26. CORNWALLIAS RECEIVING THE SONS OF TIPU SULTAN AS HOSTAGES.

27. CORNWALLIS

28. POINTS From the late 18th century British also wanted to destroy Maratha power. Mahadji Sindhia and Nana Phandis were two famous Maratha soldiers who fought the battle in Panipat. Finally in 1817-19 Britishers crushed the Marathas. A new policy "Paramountcy" was initiated by Lord Hastings.

29. MAHADJI SINDHIA

30. NANA PHANDIS

31. LORD HASTINGS

32. POINTS In late 13th century East India Company began worrying about Russia. Maharaja Ranjit Singh died in 1839. Lord Dalhousie was the Governor-General from 1848 to 1856. In 1856 the company took over Awadh. Warren Hastings was one of the many Important figures who played a significant role in company power expansion.

33. MAHARAJA RANJIT SINGH

34. LORD DALHOUSIE

35. WARREN HASTINGS

36. POINTS From 1772 a new system of justice was established. Qazi is a word for court judge. In 1775 eleven pandits were asked to compile a digest of Hindu laws. Sawars are trained soldiers on horseback. The cavalry requirements of the company's army declined.

37. THE TRIAL OF WARREN HASTINGS

38. POINTS In the early 19th century the British began to develop a uniform military culture. British empire was fighting in Burma, Afghanistan and Egypt where soldiers were armed with muskets and matchlocks. The Revolt of 1857 gives us a glimpse in to the world of sepoys.

39. QUESTIONS Q1.In which year did Aurangzeb die? Q2.Who discovered the sea route in India to and when? Q3. Kolkata was first Kalikata then_______ and afterwards Kolkata. Q4.Alivardi Khan died in which year? Q5.In 1856 the company took over ________.

40. THANK YOU