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This document discusses OxyContin and methamphetamines, including how they are abused and their effects. OxyContin is a prescription painkiller that is often abused due to its addictive properties. Methamphetamines can be abused by ingesting, snorting, or injecting and they produce a euphoric high by increasing dopamine levels in the brain. Long-term abuse of methamphetamines can lead to anxiety, paranoia, and cognitive and physical impairments. The document outlines risks of abusing these substances during pregnancy and how they are manufactured as well.
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Minerals have several defining properties that allow geologists to identify them, including their chemical composition, crystal structure, color, hardness, luster, density, crystal pattern, and cleavage or fracture pattern. Some key minerals are identified as having properties such as a metallic or glassy luster, breaking along predictable crystal planes (cleavage) or an unpredictable pattern (fracture), and leaving distinctive powder colors in a streak test. Studying these various properties together allows scientists to distinguish one mineral from another.
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Cocaine exposure on Medium Spiny Neurons of the NAcc Dopamine Neurons
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The document discusses cocaine, including its effects, health risks, and treatment. It begins with a quote about how cocaine can be used to find happiness. It then provides details about what cocaine is, how it is used as a street drug by being snorted, smoked, or injected, and how it affects the brain by increasing dopamine levels. The document outlines both short and long term health effects of cocaine use, including increased heart rate and risk of diseases. It concludes by discussing withdrawal symptoms and potential therapies for cocaine addiction such as inpatient or outpatient treatment, cognitive behavioral therapy, and therapeutic communities.
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This document discusses the effects of cocaine exposure on otoacoustic emissions and cochlear function. It presents two case studies of individuals who experienced sudden sensorineural hearing loss following cocaine overdose or polysubstance abuse including cocaine. The initial exams for both cases found absent otoacoustic emissions and flat audiograms, though hearing improved over time in one case. The document explores various mechanisms by which cocaine may disrupt cochlear homeostasis and potassium recycling, leading to temporary or potentially permanent inner ear damage.
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Cocaine is a powerfully addictive stimulant drug that directly affects the brain. It is one of the oldest known drugs, extracted from coca leaves which have been used for thousands of years. In the 19th century, pure cocaine was extracted from the coca bush and became a popular stimulant in medical tonics. Cocaine abuse has a long history in the U.S. and is deeply rooted in drug culture due to its intense euphoric effects and strong addictive potential. The availability and purity of cocaine, including its freebase and crack forms, continue to burden law enforcement and healthcare systems.
Cocaine exposure on Medium Spiny Neurons of the NAcc Dopamine Neurons
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2. It found that cocaine increased excitatory synaptic transmission onto D1 medium spiny neurons from the basolateral amygdala, but decreased transmission from the ventral hippocampus.
3. Repeated cocaine exposure enhanced basolateral amygdala inputs and suppressed ventral hippocampus inputs onto D1 medium spiny neurons through structural changes to synapses and spines.
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Drugsandthe Brain Part6 Stimulants
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This document defines key terms related to drugs of abuse and summarizes information about several commonly abused drugs. It defines pharmacology as the study of drug effects on biology, and defines stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogens based on their effects on the nervous system. It describes how heroin, alcohol, cocaine, and methamphetamine work in the body, including their drug targets in the brain and physiological and toxic effects.
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This document discusses drug addiction and the role of dopamine. It notes that all abused drugs increase dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. While initial hypotheses suggested tolerance and dependence were due to changes in opiate receptor levels, it is now understood that physical dependence involves separate opioid mechanisms. Dopamine is implicated in both "liking" and "wanting" drug rewards, and different dopamine pathways in the nucleus accumbens are involved in each. Stress and environmental factors can also influence drug addiction by increasing dopamine levels and sensitizing dopamine responses.
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Psychoactive Drugs
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This document provides information about cocaine. It begins by describing cocaine as a crystalline alkaloid prepared from coca leaves that is odorless, white and bitter. It then discusses cocaine's classification as a schedule II drug and its most harmful forms. The document outlines cocaine's mechanisms of action, routes of administration, effects on the body including the central nervous system, respiratory system and cardiovascular system. It also covers cocaine addiction, treatment including psychosocial and behavioral therapies as well as medications.
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The document provides information about methamphetamine, including its history, chemical properties, slang terms, and clinical uses. It discusses how methamphetamine was first synthesized in the late 1800s and was used medically to treat conditions like asthma, obesity, and narcolepsy. It was also given to soldiers during wars. The document outlines trends in illegal methamphetamine manufacturing and distribution in the US since the 1960s and provides over 100 slang terms used to refer to the drug.
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Effects of drug abuse and addiction
The document discusses the various effects that drug abuse and addiction can have on the human body and brain. It notes that drugs enter the body through injection, inhalation, or ingestion, which impacts how quickly they take effect. Some of the potential health effects of drug abuse include weakened immune systems, cardiovascular issues, liver damage, seizures, and permanent brain damage. Drug use can also lead to behavioral issues like paranoia, aggression, and impaired judgment. Pregnant women who use drugs risk having babies with birth defects, developmental and learning problems. Long term, drugs have been shown to alter brain chemistry and interfere with decision making, which can lead to compulsive drug craving and dependency.
Drug Addiction Ppt
This document summarizes the effects of various drugs on the body and behavior. It discusses how drugs affect neurotransmitters in the brain like dopamine, serotonin, and endorphins. Specific drugs covered include cocaine, ecstasy, marijuana, heroin, alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, and methamphetamine. Short-term and long-term effects are described for each drug. The document also discusses how drug addiction develops in the brain and provides tips to prevent drug use.
Drug addiction and drug abuse
- Drug addiction and abuse refers to the chronic or habitual use of any chemical substance to alter states of body or mind for non-medical purposes. This includes both licit and illicit drugs.
- Addiction is compulsive drug use despite harm, while substance abuse refers to frequently using drugs like alcohol and inhalants that can be addictive.
- Dependence involves psychological need for a drug and physical tolerance and withdrawal symptoms. Addiction affects the reward pathway in the brain.
- Drug abuse has negative effects on individuals, families, and society through health issues, crime, and lost productivity.
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Stimulants such as cocaine, amphetamines, caffeine, and nicotine act on the brain to produce feelings of increased alertness and euphoria. They do this primarily by increasing the activity of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain. However, regular use can also lead to dependence and negative health effects such as psychosis or panic attacks. Many were first used medically but are now also widely abused recreationally.
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Drug addiction involves compulsively seeking to use a substance regardless of negative consequences. Certain drugs like narcotics and cocaine are more likely to cause physical dependence. Breaking an addiction is difficult but treatment including counseling and support groups can help support long-term recovery.
Drug addiction
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Methamphetamines were first created in the 1890s in Germany and later used by Japanese and American militaries to keep pilots awake. In the postwar era, meth became popular as a diet aid and antidepressant before being made illegal in the 1970s. Mexican drug cartels then began trafficking meth into the US through the Southwest, producing it in makeshift labs. Meth is addictive and can be smoked, snorted, or injected, producing feelings of euphoria and energy but also physical and mental health risks. Long-term meth use often damages relationships and health.
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This document provides an overview of methamphetamine (meth) including its history, production, effects on health, and status as a public health issue. It was originally developed in the late 1800s but gained popularity as an alternative to ephedrine during WWII when it was given to soldiers to increase alertness. Today it is a powerful and highly addictive stimulant that can be smoked, injected, or swallowed. Long term use leads to many health issues and it is considered a major public health concern globally due to its widespread abuse and association with organized crime.
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This document provides information about cocaine. It begins by describing cocaine as a crystalline alkaloid prepared from coca leaves that is odorless, white and bitter. It then discusses cocaine's classification as a schedule II drug and its most harmful forms. The document outlines cocaine's mechanisms of action, routes of administration, effects on the body including the central nervous system, respiratory system and cardiovascular system. It also covers cocaine addiction, treatment including psychosocial and behavioral therapies as well as medications.
Methamphetamine by Rand L. Kannenberg
The document provides information about methamphetamine, including its history, chemical properties, slang terms, and clinical uses. It discusses how methamphetamine was first synthesized in the late 1800s and was used medically to treat conditions like asthma, obesity, and narcolepsy. It was also given to soldiers during wars. The document outlines trends in illegal methamphetamine manufacturing and distribution in the US since the 1960s and provides over 100 slang terms used to refer to the drug.
Drug Addiction
Addiction is the disease of the brain. it is believed that it can't be cured and it only depart taking life of the addicted. But addicts can recover no one is hopeless.
#drug Addiction #drug Abuse #overcome addiction
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The document discusses the various effects that drug abuse and addiction can have on the human body and brain. It notes that drugs enter the body through injection, inhalation, or ingestion, which impacts how quickly they take effect. Some of the potential health effects of drug abuse include weakened immune systems, cardiovascular issues, liver damage, seizures, and permanent brain damage. Drug use can also lead to behavioral issues like paranoia, aggression, and impaired judgment. Pregnant women who use drugs risk having babies with birth defects, developmental and learning problems. Long term, drugs have been shown to alter brain chemistry and interfere with decision making, which can lead to compulsive drug craving and dependency.
Drug Addiction Ppt
This document summarizes the effects of various drugs on the body and behavior. It discusses how drugs affect neurotransmitters in the brain like dopamine, serotonin, and endorphins. Specific drugs covered include cocaine, ecstasy, marijuana, heroin, alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, and methamphetamine. Short-term and long-term effects are described for each drug. The document also discusses how drug addiction develops in the brain and provides tips to prevent drug use.
Drug addiction and drug abuse
- Drug addiction and abuse refers to the chronic or habitual use of any chemical substance to alter states of body or mind for non-medical purposes. This includes both licit and illicit drugs.
- Addiction is compulsive drug use despite harm, while substance abuse refers to frequently using drugs like alcohol and inhalants that can be addictive.
- Dependence involves psychological need for a drug and physical tolerance and withdrawal symptoms. Addiction affects the reward pathway in the brain.
- Drug abuse has negative effects on individuals, families, and society through health issues, crime, and lost productivity.
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