Using neuromodulation techniques in behavioral medicine is a big step forward...Curtis Cripe
Using neuromodulation techniques in behavioral medicine is a big step forward in treating neurological and psychiatric conditions. By using precise neural stimulation, we can enhance patient outcomes and quality of life. Collaboration between clinicians, researchers, and technology developers is crucial for fully realizing the benefits of neuromodulation in behavioral medicine. #CurtisCripe
Wondering if your brain needs exercise too?Curtis Cripe
Wondering if your brain needs exercise too? Discover the incredible benefits of physical activity for your cognitive function and learn how it can help lower the risk of dementia. |Curtis Cripe
ADD/ADHD has elusive causes. No medical test can diagnose; behavioral assessments, neuro-imaging, and cognitive evaluations aid diagnosis. | Curtis Cripe
A balanced diet plays a pivotal role in mental healthCurtis Cripe
A balanced diet plays a pivotal role in mental health, delivering vital nutrients for brain wellness and mitigating the risk of mental illnesses. | Curtis Cripe
Mental health is intertwined with dietCurtis Cripe
Mental health is intertwined with diet, offering the brain essential nutrients to enhance wellness and diminish the likelihood of mental illnesses. | Curtis Cripe
Balanced nutrition is crucial for mental healthCurtis Cripe
Balanced nutrition is crucial for mental health, supplying the brain with the key nutrients to optimize wellness and lower the risk of mental illnesses. | Curtis Cripe
Optimal mental health is linked to a balanced dietCurtis Cripe
Optimal mental health is linked to a balanced diet, providing essential nutrients for brain wellness and reducing the risk of mental illnesses. | Curtis Cripe
Using neuromodulation techniques in behavioral medicine is a big step forward...Curtis Cripe
Using neuromodulation techniques in behavioral medicine is a big step forward in treating neurological and psychiatric conditions. By using precise neural stimulation, we can enhance patient outcomes and quality of life. Collaboration between clinicians, researchers, and technology developers is crucial for fully realizing the benefits of neuromodulation in behavioral medicine. #CurtisCripe
Wondering if your brain needs exercise too?Curtis Cripe
Wondering if your brain needs exercise too? Discover the incredible benefits of physical activity for your cognitive function and learn how it can help lower the risk of dementia. |Curtis Cripe
ADD/ADHD has elusive causes. No medical test can diagnose; behavioral assessments, neuro-imaging, and cognitive evaluations aid diagnosis. | Curtis Cripe
A balanced diet plays a pivotal role in mental healthCurtis Cripe
A balanced diet plays a pivotal role in mental health, delivering vital nutrients for brain wellness and mitigating the risk of mental illnesses. | Curtis Cripe
Mental health is intertwined with dietCurtis Cripe
Mental health is intertwined with diet, offering the brain essential nutrients to enhance wellness and diminish the likelihood of mental illnesses. | Curtis Cripe
Balanced nutrition is crucial for mental healthCurtis Cripe
Balanced nutrition is crucial for mental health, supplying the brain with the key nutrients to optimize wellness and lower the risk of mental illnesses. | Curtis Cripe
Optimal mental health is linked to a balanced dietCurtis Cripe
Optimal mental health is linked to a balanced diet, providing essential nutrients for brain wellness and reducing the risk of mental illnesses. | Curtis Cripe
The human brain, with over 100 billion neurons, is a marvel of memory and creativity, storing a lifetime's memories in a remarkably small space.| Curtis Cripe
Exploring the human mind, social psychology stands out as a captivating field. It investigates how human interaction shapes thoughts, emotions, and behavior| Curtis Cripe
The human brain, with 100 billion neurons, is a marvel of complexity, boasting limitless memory and creativity in a remarkably compact space.| Curtis Cripe
Healthy communication is vital throughout lifeCurtis Cripe
Healthy communication is vital throughout life, yet speech delays can occur, often due to hearing or oral issues, affecting a child's expression. | Curtis Cripe
Neurodevelopment impacts brain pathways, affecting memory, attention, reading, and social skills. Learning new skills enhances this process. | Curtis Cripe
Neurodevelopment shapes brain pathways, influencing memory, attention, reading, and social skills. Learning new skills enhances this process. | Curtis Cripe
As individuals age, a decline in memory function is expected and normal. Neve...Curtis Cripe
As individuals age, a decline in memory function is expected and normal. Nevertheless, there are strategies to help counterbalance this decline. | Curtis Cripe
Alternating high and low energy episodes are common in individuals with anxie...Curtis Cripe
Alternating high and low energy episodes are common in individuals with anxiety. Worry can hinder sleep and keep a person awake at night. | Curtis Cripe
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
The human brain, with over 100 billion neurons, is a marvel of memory and creativity, storing a lifetime's memories in a remarkably small space.| Curtis Cripe
Exploring the human mind, social psychology stands out as a captivating field. It investigates how human interaction shapes thoughts, emotions, and behavior| Curtis Cripe
The human brain, with 100 billion neurons, is a marvel of complexity, boasting limitless memory and creativity in a remarkably compact space.| Curtis Cripe
Healthy communication is vital throughout lifeCurtis Cripe
Healthy communication is vital throughout life, yet speech delays can occur, often due to hearing or oral issues, affecting a child's expression. | Curtis Cripe
Neurodevelopment impacts brain pathways, affecting memory, attention, reading, and social skills. Learning new skills enhances this process. | Curtis Cripe
Neurodevelopment shapes brain pathways, influencing memory, attention, reading, and social skills. Learning new skills enhances this process. | Curtis Cripe
As individuals age, a decline in memory function is expected and normal. Neve...Curtis Cripe
As individuals age, a decline in memory function is expected and normal. Nevertheless, there are strategies to help counterbalance this decline. | Curtis Cripe
Alternating high and low energy episodes are common in individuals with anxie...Curtis Cripe
Alternating high and low energy episodes are common in individuals with anxiety. Worry can hinder sleep and keep a person awake at night. | Curtis Cripe
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.