This document summarizes a thesis that mapped areas of risk for Rift Valley fever in Somaliland. The study analyzed data on 900 samples collected across 4 regions and 12 districts. It found the highest risk areas were in the Sool and Hargeisa regions, with prevalences of 0.18% and 0.15% respectively. Maps were created in ArcGIS to indicate high risk sites and regions. The study concluded certain regions like Sool, Sanaag and Togdheer had high environmental risks and its findings could help improve Rift Valley fever vector management and control.

1. Mapping of Rift valley fever risk areas in
Somaliland
Thesis
STVS
BY: Osman Abdulahi Farah
Roll number: STVS/0087
Supervisor Dr. Ismail kan

2. introduction
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a per acute or acute disease
of domestic animals in Africa and Madagascar, caused
by a mosquito- borne virus and characterized hepatitis
and haemorrhagic state, but infection are frequently in
apparent or mild, RVF affect sheep, goat, cattle camel,
Wild ruminants, buffaloes and human.

3. introduction
RVF is a member of the phlebovirus of the Family
Bunyaviriadae. It is spread by the bite of infected
mosquitoes, typically the Aedes or Culex genera.
The mode of RVF virus transmission may be vector-
borne, or from direct contact with body fluids of infected
animals.
Signs of disease is anorexia, photophobia weakness and
excessive salivation, but Human, comma, muscle pain,
ocular discharge

4. General and Specific
Objectives
 The general objectives of this mini thesis is to show
areas of risk of rift valley fever in Somaliland
 Specific is To indicate high risk areas in Somaliland
regions by using ArcGIS software.
 To indicate prevalence of surveyed four regions

5. Material and Methods
Table 1: Structure of the different administrative levels
of sampling
Region District Location Sites
Included in
the above
administrati
ve level
Total 4 12 30 900
Mode Nill 164 30 313
Average 225 75 30 331
Range 198 134 5 38

6. Material and Methods
Table 2: List of relevant variables included in the database
along with the number of observations available
Variable Number of samples for % of samples for which it
which it was recorded was recorded
Localization
Region 900 100%
District 900 100%
Location 900 100%
Site 900 100%
Species
Goat 456 51%
Sheep 444 49%
Age 1-5
Sex
Male 356 40%

7. Material and Methods
 Data Collection
 The input of data was obtained from SAHSP office in
Hargeisa, where relevant information was expected to
be available
 Data Management and Analysis
 Data from SAHSP were managed and entered into
databases by using ArcGIS version 9.3.1 due to short
time of study. For the statistical analysis the software
Stata IC/11Also were used data input of excel
Microsoft.

8. Administrative structure of
Somaliland
 The Somaliland administrative structure has
frequently been subject to Modification, to
this serological study of mapping RVF there
are 4 regions composed of (12) districts.
 Each region composed 30 locations and out of
this four districts were collected 900 samples.

9. RESULTS
Number of samples Prevalence with 95%
collected in each region and Confidence Intervals
Regions % of the whole survey
Hargeisa 60 (7%) 0.15 (0.05-0.25)
Sanaag 318 (35%) 0.116352201 (0.11-0.15)
Sool 270 (30%) 0.1858185185 (0.18-0.25)
Togdheer 252 (28%) 0.107142827 (0.10-0.14)
Total 900 0.1367 (0.13-0.15)

10. RESULTS
Map 5 shows Somaliland Rift Valley Risk Areas

11. RESULTS
Map3 shows Rift Valley Risk sites serological status

12. DISCUSSION
 the study has shown that the sool(0.18.5) and
Maroodi jeex(0.15) are the highest risk areas of
rift Valley fever disease compared to other
regions such as Sanaag(0.11.6) and
Togdheer(0.10.7) with CI respectively,


13. DISCUSSION
 prevalence of RVF in four surveyed regions in
Somaliland with their interval confidence respectively,
shows that Sool 0.18%, (0.18-0.25,
 Hargiesa 0.15%(0.05-0.25) Sanaag 0.11.6% (0.11-
0.15),Togdheer 0.10.%(0.10-0.14),

14. CONCLUSION
 This study was aimed at producing by mapping risk
areas of RVF disease in Somaliland regions, so that it
can help to improve the management and control of
RVF vector in those four regions, although the
environment drivers that determine the life cycle of the
vector with high risks as result of this study of
mapping using arcGIS, like Sool, Sanaag and Togdheer
regions.

15. Recommendation
 Based on finding of this study of mapping risk areas
four of Somaliland regions, following
recommendations were given as follows
 Ministry of livestock and local NGO’s should develop
the capacity to use ArcGIS technologies for the
effective identification ecological of mosquito born
disease in those regions.
 Those four regions were at risk to RVF, so insecticides
should be provided to avoid human.