1) The massive volcanic eruption on the island of Thera in the late 17th century BCE destroyed most of the island as well as the Minoan civilization on the nearby island of Crete. 2) The eruption was so large that it caused climate changes across the eastern Mediterranean region and even affected crop growth in China. 3) The eruption formed the island of Thera into its present-day crescent shape and buried the landscape and cities under ash, though archaeologists later discovered a preserved Minoan city under the volcanic deposits.