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The Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect
используется для выражения действия, которое произошло в прошлом и только
что или недавно закончилось, причем результат действия важен в настоящем.
For example:

Я только что купил новый ноутбук.

Маша уже написала сочинение.

Ты уже перевёл статью?

I
You
We
They

He
She
It

I have just bought a new notebook. Mary has already written her composition.

The students have left the room.

We have bought a new TV set.

Студенты ушли из комнаты
(студентов сейчас в комнате нет).

Мы купили новый телевизор
(у нас есть новый телевизор).
I
you
we
they

he
she
it

Have you already seen this film?

Yes, I have.

I
You
We
They

No, I haven’t.

not

Sorry, I haven’t written the story yet.

Has Mary cleaned her room yet?
Yes, she has.

He
She
It

No, she hasn’t.

not

Tom hasn’t finished his test.
already – уже
just – только что
recently, lately
(недавно,
в последнее время)
yet – ещё
never – никогда
ever – когда-либо

I’ve already mailed the letter.
I have just seen him.
I haven’t received any letters
from him lately.
употребляется в «-»
и «?» предложениях
и стоит всегда в
конце предложения

He hasn’t finished his
work yet.

Patricia: Have you ever played tennis?
Linda: No, I’ve never played before,
but I would like to learn!
Present Perfect может употребляться со словосочетаниями,
обозначающими еще не истекшие периоды времени (т.е. периоды
времени, которые не закончились в момент речи)
today - сегодня
this week - на этой неделе
this month - в этом месяце
this year - в этом году
this morning - этим утром
this evening - этим вечером

 I have not even had coffee this morning.
(Утро ещѐ продолжается.)
 This year we have taken only one assistant.
(Год еще не закончился, и возможно, мы возьмем
еще помощников.)
 I have had only one new dress this summer.
(Лето еще не закончилось.)
Present Perfect употребляется с предлогами

с какого-то момента в
прошлом до
настоящего времени
 I haven’t heard from him since
June.
Я не получал от него известий
с июня.
с тех пор как
 I haven’t heard from him since
he left Moscow.
Я не получал от него известий с
тех пор, как он уехал из Москвы.

в течение какого-то
промежутка времени
(за этот промежуток времени)
 I haven’t seen him for two days.
Я не видел его в течение двух
дней.
 Mary has written a composition
for an hour.
Мэри написала сочинение за час.
Сравним:
Compare the meaning of these two sentences:
1.

Sara lived in Boston for 5 years. Past Simple

We mean that Sara started living in Boston 5 years ago. .
. and then she moved!
Now she lives in a different city, like Paris.
2. Sara has lived in Boston for 5 years. Present Perfect
We mean that Sara began living in Boston 5 years ago. . .
and she still lives there.
!

Present Perfect никогда не
употребляется в вопросах,
начинающихся с When

When did you start your job?
Когда Вы начали свою работу?

You have bought a new bag! It’ really
cool! When did you buy it?

Ты купила новую сумочку! Она
действительно хороша! Когда ты еѐ купила?

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The present perfect_tense

  • 2. Present Perfect используется для выражения действия, которое произошло в прошлом и только что или недавно закончилось, причем результат действия важен в настоящем. For example: Я только что купил новый ноутбук. Маша уже написала сочинение. Ты уже перевёл статью? I You We They He She It I have just bought a new notebook. Mary has already written her composition. The students have left the room. We have bought a new TV set. Студенты ушли из комнаты (студентов сейчас в комнате нет). Мы купили новый телевизор (у нас есть новый телевизор).
  • 3. I you we they he she it Have you already seen this film? Yes, I have. I You We They No, I haven’t. not Sorry, I haven’t written the story yet. Has Mary cleaned her room yet? Yes, she has. He She It No, she hasn’t. not Tom hasn’t finished his test.
  • 4. already – уже just – только что recently, lately (недавно, в последнее время) yet – ещё never – никогда ever – когда-либо I’ve already mailed the letter. I have just seen him. I haven’t received any letters from him lately. употребляется в «-» и «?» предложениях и стоит всегда в конце предложения He hasn’t finished his work yet. Patricia: Have you ever played tennis? Linda: No, I’ve never played before, but I would like to learn!
  • 5. Present Perfect может употребляться со словосочетаниями, обозначающими еще не истекшие периоды времени (т.е. периоды времени, которые не закончились в момент речи) today - сегодня this week - на этой неделе this month - в этом месяце this year - в этом году this morning - этим утром this evening - этим вечером  I have not even had coffee this morning. (Утро ещѐ продолжается.)  This year we have taken only one assistant. (Год еще не закончился, и возможно, мы возьмем еще помощников.)  I have had only one new dress this summer. (Лето еще не закончилось.)
  • 6. Present Perfect употребляется с предлогами с какого-то момента в прошлом до настоящего времени  I haven’t heard from him since June. Я не получал от него известий с июня. с тех пор как  I haven’t heard from him since he left Moscow. Я не получал от него известий с тех пор, как он уехал из Москвы. в течение какого-то промежутка времени (за этот промежуток времени)  I haven’t seen him for two days. Я не видел его в течение двух дней.  Mary has written a composition for an hour. Мэри написала сочинение за час.
  • 7. Сравним: Compare the meaning of these two sentences: 1. Sara lived in Boston for 5 years. Past Simple We mean that Sara started living in Boston 5 years ago. . . and then she moved! Now she lives in a different city, like Paris. 2. Sara has lived in Boston for 5 years. Present Perfect We mean that Sara began living in Boston 5 years ago. . . and she still lives there.
  • 8. ! Present Perfect никогда не употребляется в вопросах, начинающихся с When When did you start your job? Когда Вы начали свою работу? You have bought a new bag! It’ really cool! When did you buy it? Ты купила новую сумочку! Она действительно хороша! Когда ты еѐ купила?