2.  Selection and maintenance of the Aim
 Maintenance of Morale
 Offensive action
 Surprise
 Concentration of effort
 Security
 Economy of force
 Unity of command
 Flexibility
 Manoeuvre
 Co-operation
 Logistic Support
 Maintaining Reserves
 Intelligence
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3.  Utilitarian vs. Educational
 Develops abilities that are crucial to Soldiers
 An Alternative to Personal Experience
 Improve Professional Qualifications
 Instils a Pride in the Profession
 Inspires
 Develop leadership and reflects the importance of
character and integrity
 Nurtures the Ability to reach conclusions and deal
positively with immediate problems.
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4.  Warnings
 There must be a balance between Education and
Experience
 There are no clear cut lessons
 It is not a guarantee for success
 Cannot only study the operational aspects but the
institutional aspects as well
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5.  Grand Strategy
 Is concerned with the formulation of policy, the selection of realistic
war aims, whether offensive or defensive, and the building of alliances.
 Military Strategy (Strategy)
 The Art of distributing and applying military means to fulfil the ends of
policy.
 Grand Tactics (Operations)
 The level of command and planning for military operations at which
campaigns and major operations are planned, conducted and sustained
to accomplish strategic objectives within theatres or areas of operation.
 Tactics
 The actual method of fighting and manoeuvre and involve every
combatant.
 Logistics
 Logistics comprises the provision, movement and supply of armed
forces.
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6.  Early man
 Classical Warfare
 Art of War to the Eighteenth
Century- test of the Commander
 French Revolution and Napoleon
 Nineteenth Century
 Continuous fronts and Total War
 Inter-war years
 Colonial Warfare and
Wars of Liberation
 Indirect wars
 The Nuclear Age
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7.  Penetration of the Centre
 Envelopment of a Single Flank
 Envelopment of Both Flanks
 Attack in Oblique Order
 Feigned Withdrawal
 Attack from a Defensive Position
 Indirect approach
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14.  Modern warfare can be described as organised societal
violence.
 Warfare mimics the societies it is part of. Static society
vs. Societies that are constantly changing.
 There is no specialisation or military class.
 No primitive society can afford to have long wars or
lose men in battle.
 Wars was fought as a matter of prestige or the glory of
individuals.
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