In science and especially biology, the laws of nature are not legislative enactments. Natural events do not take place in obedience to natural laws. Natural laws as we call them govern nothing. They are uniformities that have been observed – uniformities of nature, and they are classified according to universal formulae, mathematical formulae. For instance the Law of Gravitation does not govern the motion of falling bodies and the coursing of planets, meteors and satellites, it is a descriptive law which states in a conservative way, the observed action of things, the changes of quality that take place under certain conditions.
Total FM assigned to take over all real estate properties of Amer Group also acting as a guardian of sister companies within the group, organize financial and legal relations with owners and operate the properties with available funds.
Leveraging the management of Amer Group Real State portfolio and after sales services concept, has positioned Total FM as one of the largest FM service provider in Egypt.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
This document is designed as an introductory to medical students,nursing students,midwives or other healthcare trainees to improve their understanding about how health system in Sri Lanka cares children health.
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
PET CT beginners Guide covers some of the underrepresented topics in PET CTMiadAlsulami
This lecture briefly covers some of the underrepresented topics in Molecular imaging with cases , such as:
- Primary pleural tumors and pleural metastases.
- Distinguishing between MPM and Talc Pleurodesis.
- Urological tumors.
- The role of FDG PET in NET.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
Total FM assigned to take over all real estate properties of Amer Group also acting as a guardian of sister companies within the group, organize financial and legal relations with owners and operate the properties with available funds.
Leveraging the management of Amer Group Real State portfolio and after sales services concept, has positioned Total FM as one of the largest FM service provider in Egypt.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
This document is designed as an introductory to medical students,nursing students,midwives or other healthcare trainees to improve their understanding about how health system in Sri Lanka cares children health.
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
PET CT beginners Guide covers some of the underrepresented topics in PET CTMiadAlsulami
This lecture briefly covers some of the underrepresented topics in Molecular imaging with cases , such as:
- Primary pleural tumors and pleural metastases.
- Distinguishing between MPM and Talc Pleurodesis.
- Urological tumors.
- The role of FDG PET in NET.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
India Diagnostic Labs Market: Dynamics, Key Players, and Industry Projections...Kumar Satyam
According to the TechSci Research report titled “India Diagnostic Labs Market Industry Size, Share, Trends, Competition, Opportunity, and Forecast, 2019-2029,” the India Diagnostic Labs Market was valued at USD 16,471.21 million in 2023 and is projected to grow at an impressive compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.55% through 2029. This significant growth can be attributed to various factors, including collaborations and partnerships among leading companies, the expansion of diagnostic chains, and increasing accessibility to diagnostic services across the country. This comprehensive report delves into the market dynamics, recent trends, drivers, competitive landscape, and benefits of the research report, providing a detailed analysis of the India Diagnostic Labs Market.
Collaborations and Partnerships
Collaborations and partnerships among leading companies play a pivotal role in driving the growth of the India Diagnostic Labs Market. These strategic alliances allow companies to merge their expertise, strengthen their market positions, and offer innovative solutions. By combining resources, companies can enhance their research and development capabilities, expand their product portfolios, and improve their distribution networks. These collaborations also facilitate the sharing of technological advancements and best practices, contributing to the overall growth of the market.
Expansion of Diagnostic Chains
The expansion of diagnostic chains is a driving force behind the growing demand for diagnostic lab services. Diagnostic chains often establish multiple laboratories and diagnostic centers in various cities and regions, including urban and rural areas. This expanded network makes diagnostic services more accessible to a larger portion of the population, addressing healthcare disparities and reaching underserved populations. The presence of diagnostic chain facilities in multiple locations within a city or region provides convenience for patients, reducing travel time and effort. A broader network of labs often leads to reduced waiting times for appointments and sample collection, ensuring that patients receive timely and efficient diagnostic services.
Rising Prevalence of Chronic Diseases
The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases is a significant driver for the demand for diagnostic lab services. Chronic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer require regular monitoring and diagnostic testing for effective management. The rise in chronic diseases necessitates the use of advanced diagnostic tools and technologies, driving the growth of the diagnostic labs market. Additionally, early diagnosis and timely intervention are crucial for managing chronic diseases, further boosting the demand for diagnostic lab services.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdf
The Law of Life
1. The Law of Life
In science and especially biology, the laws of nature are not legislative enactments. Natural
events do not take place in obedience to natural laws. Natural laws as we call them govern
nothing. They are uniformities that have been observed – uniformities of nature, and they are
classified according to universal formulae, mathematical formulae. For instance the Law of
Gravitation does not govern the motion of falling bodies and the coursing of planets, meteors and
satellites, it is a descriptive law which states in a conservative way, the observed action of things,
the changes of quality that take place under certain conditions.
Famous Hygienist, Dr. Robert Walter, formulated what he regarded as the primary controlling
law of life, which he discussed in his book, “Life’s Great Law”. Briefly it states: “Every particle
of living matter in the organised body is endowed with an instinct of self-preservation sustained
by a force inherent in the organism usually called vital force or life force, the success of whose
work is directly proportional to the amount of the force and inversely to the degree of its
activity.”
I think this Law could be better presented if it were – every cell of the living organism is
endowed with an instinct of self-preservation, a living matter and the particle reference to the
organised body is superfluous. I think he was basing his Law on Newton’s formulation of the
law of gravity. Looking at this law the living organism seeks to provide for its own interests, to
2. appropriate food, seek light and air, water and warmth, protect it and avoid injury. This inherent
tendency of self-preservation is essential to the existence of all living organisms.
Self-preservation is the primary controlling expression of life and normally it is subordinate to no
other law except in rare instances to the instinct of the preservation of the race in which case an
individual may sacrifice itself for the protection of the young or of the flock. It is important to
appreciate that the vital power or the life force or whatever you want to call it is inherent, it is not
manufactured by food, by air, by water, by exercise or any other substance or influence, it is not
the product of activity, otherwise increased activity would be the best means of increasing the
power and the inactivity of sleep and rest would be a waste of time.
Dr. Walters says, “inversely as the degree of its activity”. This is fraught with immense
consequences with human health and life, it makes all the difference in the world whether we are
increasing or reducing vital power by increasing vital activity, that we are doing the one no-one
can doubt, there can be no neutral ground in medical practice. Vital activity expends power or
increases it, if the latter rest and sleep are a waste of time, if the former then current medical
practice is engaged in exhausting vital power.
Activity expends and exhausts while passivity recuperates and preserves. However, we know
from our studies and observations that there is an important reciprocal relationship between rest
and sleep on the one hand and exercise and activity on the other. As Dr. Walter pointed out it is
the inactivity of sleep that recuperates power and the activity of labour that exhausts it.
Secondary to life’s great law there are other laws or uniformities that have been observed in
relation to living organisms. First is the Law of Action that states, “Whenever action occurs in
the living organism as a result of an extraneous influence that action must be ascribed to the
living thing, which has the power of action, and not to the dead whose leading characteristic in
inertia.” We might substitute instead of the word “dead” the word “lifeless”, there’s no life in it
so it has no power of action.
Living is action. What Dr. Russell Trall the famous hygienist of the mid nineteenth century
called the Law of Vitality. He expressed it as follows: “In the relations between the living
organism and lifeless matter the former is active, the latter passive, always.”
This has enormous consequences for medicine and biology. The living is active the lifeless is
passive and yet we repeatedly hear the assertion that drugs act. Action presupposes an actor.
Thinking about Trall’s statement, “the living organism is active, the lifeless matter is passive”, in
relation to the action of drugs, if it is purely chemical action, that’s fine, but we are not talking
about chemical action when the action is biological, the organism uses chemistry sure but it is
not only chemistry. Action requires an actor something that is alive and if one wishes to argue
3. the point that the lifeless can act from where does it derive its energy. It derives its energy from
the living organism, so it is the organism that acts. Certainly we concede that the lifeless matter
may be the occasion for the action but it does not perform it.
The Law of Power states:
“The power employed and consequently expended in any vital or medicinal action is vital power,
that is, power from within and not from without.” This is merely a re-statement of the fact that it
is the living thing that acts and it is vital force that is consumed.
The Law of Selective Elimination
“All injurious substances which by any means gain admittance within the domain of vitality are
counter-acted, neutralised and eliminated in such a manner and through such channels as will
produce the least amount of damage to the organism.”
This law suggests an answer to the question of why certain drugs seem to act on certain organs
and tissues. For instance why does one drug “act” on the bowels, why does one drug “act” on the
liver, why does one drug “act” on the kidneys? As Trall himself pointed out, emetics do not act
on the stomach but are rejected by the stomach, purgatives do not act on the bowels but are
expelled through the bowels, and diaphoretics instead on acting on the skin are sent off in that
direction, diuretics do not act on the kidneys but the poisonous drugs are eliminated through that
channel.
The Law of Dual Effect
In hygienic literature there are a number of definitions of this. The original one of Walters I
quote: “The secondary effect upon the living organism of any act, habit, indulgence or agent is
the exact opposite and equal of the primary effect.”
A better re-formulation is: “All materials which are taken into the body or which come into
contact with it from without occasion a two-fold and contrary action, the secondary reaction
being the opposite of the primary one.”
Work and exercise arouse vital activity thus giving the appearance of increased vigour as the first
effect, the secondary effect tiredness, decreased vigour, fatigue, and exhaustion. Rest and sleep
on the contrary produced, as their first effect, weakness and languor but no one doubts their
recuperative value, rest and sleep are the only means whereby recuperation and re-invigoration
make be secured. These are secondary effects. Interestingly, in the living organism power is felt
or experienced only in its expenditure never when it is passive. One therefore feels stronger
while one is growing weaker, and feels weaker while one is actually growing stronger through
recuperation of the power.
4. The Law of Special Economy
“The vital organism under favourable conditions stores up all excess of vital funds above the
current expenditure as a reserve fund to be employed at a time of special need.”
The healthy organism has power in reserve the body always seeks to maintain a certain reserve
of power to meet emergencies. We see this is wide spread in nature where certain animals will
gain a lot of weight in times of plenty which enables them to subsist adequately in times of
scarcity and in human beings too, we always consider that the person who is emaciated and weak
has little reserve of energy and power to meet emergencies.
The Law of Vital Distribution
“In proportion to the importance and the need of the various organs and tissues of the body is the
power of the body whether much or little apportioned out among them.”
The aggregate power of the organism may be regarded as a reservoir of force capable of being
called in any direction or to any point. So also, the aggregate nutriment resources of the body
may be regarded as a reservoir of food capable to being called in any direction or to any point as
need arises. In the distribution of power and nutriments no part is permitted to suffer want so
long as these are adequate but where there is a scarcity of either power or nutriment these are
distributed in a manner to ensure the preservation of the more vital structure first and then the
remaining supplies are distributed among the less vital structures. We will consider this much
more in the discussion of fasting.
In emergencies, as in so-called disease, the withdrawal of power from some organs or groups of
organs and its concentration in other organs or groups of organs is carried out with the strict
regard to the highest welfare of the organism. A person experiencing what is referred to as a
“heart attack” or other critical condition may observe that they are unable to do anything other
than observe, as though the organism “shuts down” many aspects of its functions, all the patient
can do is maintain an awareness.
Every organ of the body has its particular specific function to perform and with an adequate
supply of power will do its work promptly and well but with an inadequate supply of power it
falters in its functions fails to accomplish its work in a thorough workmanlike manner, it always
does the best it can with the power at its disposal.
The Law of Limitation
“Whenever and wherever the expenditure of vital power has advanced so far that a fatal
exhaustion is imminent, a check is put upon the unnecessary expenditure of power and the
organism rebels against the further use of even an accustomed stimulant.”
5. It happens that a physician employs a certain stimulant in the treatment of a very depleted
patient. It seems to work like a charm, the patient responds readily, but it becomes necessary to
give the stimulant in increasingly larger doses and finally the body ceases to respond at all. It
seems to rebel against its use. In the days when brandy was a medical standby, after it had been
given in some low states of disease it would eventually lose its so-called power of action.
The Law of Vital Accommodation
“The responses of the vital organism to external stimuli is an instinctive one based upon a self
preservative instinct which adapts itself to whatever influence it cannot destroy or control. This
explains the principle of toleration. Adaptation is essential in biology, it is life saving, it is
species saving; it is an essential element of life. A simple example of adaptation is exposure to
sunlight and the tanning that occurs. This may be good it may be bad. Let’s examine it.
Source: http://www.arcadiahealthcentre.com.au/the-law-of-life/