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- 1. TEXT a book or other written or printed work, regarded in terms of its content rather than its physical form.
- 2. Academic writing Academic writing is generally quite formal, objective (impersonal) and technical. It is formal by avoiding casual or conversational language, such as contractions or informal vocabulary.
- 4. Type Academic writing The four main types of academic writing are: Descriptive analytical persuasive critical.
- 5. Elements of Academic Writing Here are the most common types: Academic Vocabulary : Some examples of general academic vocabulary include “analyze,” “concept,” and “construct.” In the field of law, some subject- vocabulary include “acquittal,” “dismissal,” “jurisdiction,” and “tribunal.” References : Scholarly articles need to include proper citation styles to establish a more authoritative tone. The academic content must include research from reliable sources like studies and journal articles. Well-Structured : contain a research question, introduction part, the body of writing contains all supporting details Uses Third Person Point of View Most of the Time : “he,” “she,” or “they.” The writer doesn’t refer to themselves as “I” or “me.” Instead, they use “researcher” to name themselves.
- 6. Type Academic writing Here are the most common types: Essay. Research paper. Research proposal. Thesis and dissertation. Lab report. Literature review, Annotated bibliography.
- 7. Skimming and scanning Skimming and scanning are reading techniques that use rapid eye movement and keywords to move quickly through text for slightly different purposes. Skimming is reading rapidly in order to get a general overview of the material. Scanning is reading rapidly in order to find specific facts. While skimming tells you what general information is within a section, scanning helps you locate a particular fact. Skimming is like snorkeling, and scanning is more like pearl diving.
- 8. Skimming and scanning 1.Read the table of contents or chapter overview to learn the main divisions of ideas. 2.Glance through the main headings in each chapter just to see a word or two. Read the headings of charts and tables. 3.Read the entire introductory paragraph and then the first and last sentence only of each following paragraph. For each paragraph, read only the first few words of each sentence or to locate the main idea. 4.Stop and quickly read the sentences containing keywords indicated in boldface or italics. 5.When you think you have found something significant, stop to read the entire sentence to make sure. Then go on the same way. Resist the temptation to stop to read details you don't need. 6.Read chapter summaries when provided.
- 9. Linking between Paragraph To help the reader follow the reasoning in the main body of the essay, the writer’s line of thinking should flow from paragraph to paragraph. This can be done by using information with which the reader is already familiar when introducing new ideas. One way to lead readers into the topic introduced in a new paragraph is to use the first sentence to mention something the reader already knows something about.
Editor's Notes
- Descriptive papers are the simplest types of writing that academic writers produce. It has several purposes, although it primarily offers facts and information in several fields of study. This academic writing can describe a phenomenon, person, place, case, or object. Analytical Writing Most academic papers in universities aren’t entirely descriptive. A scientific question and an analysis typically follow a factual statement. Analytical writing includes reorganizing facts, showing relationships, and comparing information. An academic study may include comparing and contrasting complex ideas and theories. Or you may deconstruct a single notion and contextualize it in a different social setting. You’ll find this writing style in reviews of literature. When writing an analytical paper, always make the structure of your writing clear. Create an outline beforehand, and don’t forget to add accurate citations. Persuasive writing has the same characteristics as analytical writing, plus your point of view. This type of writing requires a coherent argument backed by relevant evidence throughout the paper. Critical writing is a form of writing in college essays and postgraduate writing. Critical writing assignments follow a formal writing style with the added feature of another point of view. What makes it different from persuasive writing is that a critical essay needs more than one point of view. And that includes your own. This writing should also have a strong statement or messages backed by authoritative sources.
- Skimming can save you hours of laborious reading. However, it is not always the most appropriate way to read. It is very useful as a preview to a more detailed reading or when reviewing a selection heavy in content. But when you skim, you may miss important points or overlook the finer shadings of meaning, for which rapid reading or perhaps even study reading may be necessary. To skim, prepare yourself to move rapidly through the pages. You will not read every word; you will pay special attention to typographical cues-headings, boldface and italic type, indenting, bulleted and numbered lists. You will be alert for key words and phrases, the names of people and places, dates, nouns, and unfamiliar words. In general follow these steps:
- Skimming can save you hours of laborious reading. However, it is not always the most appropriate way to read. It is very useful as a preview to a more detailed reading or when reviewing a selection heavy in content. But when you skim, you may miss important points or overlook the finer shadings of meaning, for which rapid reading or perhaps even study reading may be necessary. To skim, prepare yourself to move rapidly through the pages. You will not read every word; you will pay special attention to typographical cues-headings, boldface and italic type, indenting, bulleted and numbered lists. You will be alert for key words and phrases, the names of people and places, dates, nouns, and unfamiliar words. In general follow these steps:
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