Search engine optimization (SEO) involves four key components: A) Analyzing keywords and content, B) Building high-quality backlinks, C) Creating optimized pages and content, and D) Driving traffic through organic search results. SEO aims to help websites rank higher in search engine results pages (SERPs) through both on-page and off-page optimization techniques. The goal is to attract more relevant visitors to a website by gaining better rankings for targeted keywords in search engines like Google, Bing, and Yahoo.