This presentation will give participants an update on data as it relates to Marijuana at both the local and state level. Participants will also learn about some of the latest trends with marijuana and learn some strategies communities are using to prevent marijuana use.

1. THE 411 ON 420
A MARIJUANA UPDATE
Prevention Resource Center
Circles of SanAntonio Community Coalition
SanAntonio Council onAlcohol and Drug Abuse
Betsy Jones, MPA
CoalitionCoordinator
April 20, 2016

2. Objectives
• Reefer Sanity: Seven Great Myths Surrounding Marijuana
• Quick Basics:What It Is andWhat It Does
• “Recreational” Use – also known as “Illicit Drug Use”
• Trends: dabbing, edibles, vaping
• Effects on the Brain and Body (short and long term)
• Potential medical benefits – key word: Potential
• Data:Where DoWe Stand inTexas and Region 8?
• Texas School Survey
• Texas Survey of Substance Use Among College Students
• Population Data
• Medicine and Politics
• (And Big Business)
• State of the States:Where It’s Legal andWhere It’s Not
• Legal Countries: Uruguay, the Netherlands, Portugal?
• Addressing the Problem: Community and Individual Efforts
• Answers toYour Questions

4. 6
MONT
HS
AVERAGE AGE
OF FIRST USE
4
xMORE LIKELY
TO BE
ADDICTED

6. Terminology
• Cannabinoids (Ca-NAB-inoids)
• Broad term for the chemical compounds in cannabis that affect the brain
• Medicinal (or Medical)
• Use of marijuana to alleviate pain or other symptoms of medical problems
• Recreational
• Non-medicinal use; use to get high. “Illicit Drug Use”
• Legalization
• Completely legal weed and commercial market
• Decriminalization
• Removal of criminal punishment for use or possession of small amounts

7. What the Kids Are Calling It

8. Reefer Sanity: Seven Great Myths of Marijuana
• Marijuana is Harmless and Nonaddictive
• Smoked or Eaten Marijuana Is Medicine
• Countless People Are Behind Bars Simply for Smoking Marijuana
• The Legality of Alcohol andTobacco Strengthen the Case for Legal Marijuana
• Legal MarijuanaWill Solve the Government’s Budgetary Problems
• Portugal and Holland Provide Successful Models of Legalization
• Prevention, Intervention, andTreatment Are Doomed to Fail – SoWhyTry?
• Afterword: A Smart Approach

9. Big Marijuana vs. Science
learnaboutsam.org

10. Big Marijuana vs. Science
learnaboutsam.org
LIE: Legalization is about ending the “War on Drugs.”
TRUTH: Legalization is about one thing:
making a small number of people very
rich.

11. Quick Basics
• The Plant
• Cannabinoids
• Effects on the Body and the Brain
• Marijuana and Driving
• Addiction/Cannabis Use Disorder
• The “Gateway”Theory
• Trends

12. Marijuana is (still)…
• A plant with hundreds of components, including cannabinoids, which affect the
brain.
• A Schedule 1 substance under the Controlled Substances Act.
• Federally illegal.
• Illegal inTexas.

13. Two major species of marijuana
• Cannabis indica
• Short, bushy plants
• Better for indoor growing
• Relaxed, sleepy high
• Used to relieve pain, stress, insomnia
• Cannabis sativa
• Tall, thin plants up to 25’
• Energetic, uplifting high
• Used to relieve depression, boost creativity and energy

14. So what is hemp?
• Cannabis bred to be tall, sturdy and useful
• LowTHC content
• Useful for fiber (not edible)
• Not legal to grow in US

15. “Marijuana is better for you
because it is all natural.”
• There are > 400 chemicals in marijuana.
• If you use tobacco leaves to roll a blunt, then
between the leftover tobacco and marijuana, you
can inhale over 4,400 different chemicals.

16. Big Marijuana vs. Science
learnaboutsam.org
LIE: I smoked pot when I was a
kid; why should I worry about kids
using it now?
TRUTH:THC is six times more potent
than it was in the 70s, leading to more
instances of overdose, negative health
effects, and dependence.

17. Two Cannabinoids:THC and CBD
• Cannabinoids (Ca-NA-bi-noids): components of marijuana that affect the brain
• THC
• Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (TE-tra-HY-dro-can-NA-bi-nol)
• The primary psychoactive compound in marijuana
• The basis for two FDA-approved medications: Marinol and Cesamet
• CBD
• Cannabidiol (CAN-a-bi-DI-ol)
• Does not cause intoxication; has been virtually bred out of modern cannabis
• Currently undergoing FDA research for medical uses
• May reduce anxiety and counteract negative effects ofTHC

18. Distracted; easily confused Impaired learning
2x-3x risk of head/neck cancer
Bloodshot eyes; dilated pupils
Distorted perception
Impaired immune system
4x risk of heart attack
Sweating
Dry mouth
Increased heart rate
Impaired motor skills/
coordination
Anxiety
More chest colds
Lowered testosterone/males
Risk of lung infection
Lowered estrogen/females
LONG TERM EFFECTSSHORT TERM EFFECTS
Increased appetite

19. Short term memory
Solving verbal problems
Reading comprehension
Distorted perception
SHORT TERM EFFECTS LONG TERM EFFECTS
Distraction
Confusion
Impaired learning ability
Impaired perception
Poor memory
Impaired concentration
Low motivation, depression
Anxiety, panic attacks
Poor impulse control
8+ points IQ loss
Euphoria

20. 5 years 10 years 15 years 20 years
Next 21-24 years = 60%
Birth
There is risk throughout development,
but the brain is at increased risk in the womb,
first 5 years and during adolescence.
Peaks of Plasticity
Terrible
Twos Adolescence
2-3 13-14
Start School Pre-Teen
40%
PY/PM

21. AbstractThinking
• 10-20 years: Level I Abstract
Thinking
• 14-15 years: Level II Abstract
Thinking
• 18-20 years: Level III Abstract
Thinking
• 20-26 years: Complex Judgment
and Self-Awareness

22. Big Marijuana vs. Science
learnaboutsam.org
LIE: Lots of smart, successful people
smoke weed; it doesn’t make you dumb.
TRUTH: Adolescents who smoke are 6 times more
likely to drop out of school and 3 times less likely to
go to college. Also, teens who smoke lose an average
of 6-8 IQ points, even if they stop smoking at 18.

23. Big Marijuana vs. Science
learnaboutsam.org
LIE: Marijuana does not cause mental illness.
TRUTH: Cannabis users have significantly higher
risk of depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and
other psychotic illnesses.

24. Big Marijuana vs. Science
learnaboutsam.org
LIE: Marijuana makes you happier over the long term.
TRUTH: Regular use is associated with
lower satisfaction in relationships, work,
leisure pursuits, and life in general.

25. Negative Effects of Smoking (anything)
• 1 Joint = 4 Cigarettes
• 5 joints a week = 1 pack of cigarettes
• Respiratory effects: Chronic bronchitis
• Coughing
• Phlegm
• Wheezing
• Link to cancer: What we do know
• Smoking tobacco causes cancer.
• Marijuana has 50% more carcinogens than tobacco.

26. Big Marijuana vs. Science
learnaboutsam.org
LIE: Marijuana doesn’t cause lung cancer.
TRUTH: Marijuana contains 50% more
carcinogens than tobacco smoke, and pot
smokers report chronic bronchitis and other
respiratory illnesses.

27. Big Marijuana vs. Science
learnaboutsam.org
LIE: Marijuana makes you a better driver, especially
compared to alcohol.
TRUTH: Marijuana intoxication doubles
your chance of a car crash.

28. Marijuana and Driving
• Marijuana impairs spatial location, sense of time
and speed
• following too closely
• swerving in and out of traffic
• There is no federal standard for marijuana
concentration levels in the blood
• ANY marijuana use is technically illegal
• What constitutes impairment?
• CO: 5 nanograms ofTHC/mL of blood
“People just don’t believe it. People under the influence of cannabis often deny feeling impaired in any way.”
- Asbridge, 2012

29. Studies Have Shown: Data on Driving
• 1 in 8 nighttime drivers tested positive for marijuana.That rate doubled between
2007 and 2014.
• Drivers under the influence of marijuana are twice as likely as other drivers to be
involved in motor vehicle crashes. Even more risk with high doses and higher
frequency of use.
• Habitual marijuana users are nearly 10 times more likely to be involved in crashes,
with users who crashed having smoked within 3 hours of their accidents.

30. The Path to Addiction: Cannabis Use
Disorder
• Past-year marijuana use rose from 4.1% to 9.5% between 2002 and 2013.
• Cannabis use disorder increased from 1.5% to 2.9% during that period.
• Symptoms:
• Using more, for longer periods
• Desire to quit or inability to quit
• Failure at work, school, or home
• Tolerance and/or withdrawal
From the National Institute on AlcoholAbuse and Alcoholism, 2016

31. Cannabis Use Disorder, cont.
Adults:
9%
1 in 11
Age 14:
25%
1 in 4
Age 17:
18%
1 in 6

32. Big Marijuana vs. Science
learnaboutsam.org
LIE: Marijuana is only PSYCHOLOGICALLY addictive,
but there are no physical symptoms.
TRUTH: Chronic marijuana users experience
withdrawal symptoms including irritability,
restlessness, depression, anxiety, insomnia, and
cravings.

33. Risk Factors for Use or Addiction
• Prior arrests, especially in African-
American and Hispanic teens
• Impulsivity
• Comorbid psychiatric disorders such as
schizophrenia or depression

34. Big Marijuana vs. Science
learnaboutsam.org
LIE: No one goes to treatment for marijuana addiction.
TRUTH: More young people are in treatment
for marijuana abuse or dependence than for
alcohol and all other drugs.

35. Big Marijuana vs. Science
learnaboutsam.org
LIE: Marijuana is not a “gateway” drug.
TRUTH: Most people who use pot never go
on to other drugs, however, 99% of people
who are addicted to other drugs started with
marijuana.

36. MarijuanaTrends
• Dabbing
• Vaping
• Edibles
• Topical products

37. Hashish
Hash Oil

38. Vaping Hash Oil

39. Edibles
• Fun and yummy! ….
• Marketed to youth
• Derive benefits w/o smoke
• NoTHC wasted in smoke
• 1 puff on a joint ~ 5 mgTHC
• 1 “serving” = 10 mgTHC
• 1 package = up to 10 servings
• Effects delayed up to 30 min

40. Whoopi Goldberg: Marketing toWomen
• “Feminine Products” with elegant packaging
• Great potential for placebo effect
• Highly unscientific and highly profitable

41. Big Marijuana vs. Science
learnaboutsam.org
LIE: Marijuana can’t kill or hurt you.
TRUTH: Smoking a joint may not result in an
overdose, but smoking a cigarette doesn’t,
either.We would never say smoking tobacco
doesn’t kill you.

42. Does It KillYou?
• Lung damage
• Heart damage
• Traffic accidents
• Other accidents
• Suicide
• Between 1997 and 2005, marijuana was listed as a secondary cause for 279 deaths
in the United States.

44. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
alcohol tobacco marijuana synthetic
marijuana
cocaine heroin MDMA inhalants stimulants sedatives
ATOD Lifetime – PastYear – Past Month Usage
AmongTexas College Students (2015)
Past Month Past Year Lifetime
PercentofStudentsSurveyed

45. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
Alcohol Tobacco Marijuana
Past-Month CollegeAlcohol-Tobacco-Marijuana Use Since 1997

46. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Youth Lifetime Use 2014
Region State Nation

47. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Nation Texas Region 7 & 8
Alcohol Tobacco Marijuana
Self-Reported Substance Use AmongYouth, 2014

48. 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Alcohol Any Illicit Inhalants Marijuana Tobacco
Past Month Use by Grade – Region 7&8
Grade 12 Grade 11 Grade 10 Grade 9
Grade 8 Grade 7 Grade 6

49. Ease of Access
• 30% of students in grades 6-12 report that it is Somewhat Easy/Very Easy to
obtain marijuana.
• Tobacco: 32%
• Alcohol: 44%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Alcohol Tobacco Marijuana
Somewhat orVery Easy Access
Series 1 Column1 Column2

50. Perception of Harm
• 86% of students report that tobacco
is Somewhat/Very Dangerous
• 74% report that marijuana is
Somewhat/Very Dangerous
• 31% report that at least one of their
close friends uses tobacco
• 39% report that at least one of their
close friends uses marijuana

52. Medicine and Politics and Business
• Who decides what’s medicine?
• Lawyers?
• Lawmakers?
• Popular vote?
• Doctors?
• Scientists?
• Anecdotes aren’t evidence.

53. Big Marijuana vs. Science
learnaboutsam.org
LIE: Marijuana is medicine.
TRUTH: Marijuana may contain medical
components, like opium does. But we don’t
smoke opium to get the effects of morphine,
and smoked marijuana is not medicine.

54. Medical Marijuana
• 23 states have legalized smoked “medical marijuana” in some way
• Less than 5% of medical marijuana card holders have cancer, AIDS, multiple
sclerosis, glaucoma, or other serious illnesses
• The average medical marijuana patient is 31 years old, white, male, with a history
of drug abuse, citing “chronic pain” as his illness

55. Is Smoking or Eating Marijuana Really
Medicinal?
• No. Period.
• Already available
• Marinol (nausea/vomiting from
chemotherapy)
• In development
• Sativex (MS and cancer pain)
• Epidiolex (epilepsy)

56. Big Marijuana vs. Science
learnaboutsam.org
LIE:The sick and dying need medical marijuana
to stay alive.
TRUTH: Less than 2-3% of legal medical
marijuana users report having cancer,
HIV/AIDS, glaucoma, MS, or other life-
threatening diseases.

57. Big Marijuana vs. Science
learnaboutsam.org
LIE: Marijuana should be rescheduled to facilitate
medical and legitimate use.
TRUTH: Components of marijuana can
be – and are – scheduled for medical use,
and research is already legitimate.

58. What Is a Schedule I Drug?
• Schedule I drugs
• no currently accepted medical use
• high potential for abuse
• use potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence
• Examples: heroin, LSD, marijuana, ecstasy, Quaaludes, and peyote
• Schedule II drugs
• high potential for abuse
• use potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence
• Examples:Vicodin, cocaine, methamphetamine, methadone, Dilaudid, Demerol,
oxycodone, fentanyl, Dexedrine, Adderall, and Ritalin

59. Big Marijuana vs. Science
learnaboutsam.org
LIE: Medical marijuana has not increased general use.
TRUTH: States that have medical marijuana laws
have higher rates of use and abuse/dependence,
and more problems among youth.

60. Costs Incurred in Medically Legal States
• Higher potency weed
• Expanded use
• More frequent/severe consequences
• Youth problems including higher dropout rate, lower college rate, addiction
• Motor vehicle crashes
• Overdoses and poisonings
• Higher abuse and addiction rates
• Workplace issues
• Black market problems
• Unforeseen problems: nonsmokers have no rights

61. Big Marijuana vs. Science
learnaboutsam.org
LIE: Marijuana does not affect the workplace.
TRUTH: Marijuana impairs productivity and
increases absences, tardiness, accidents,
compensation claims, and turnover.

62. Big Marijuana vs. Science
learnaboutsam.org
LIE: Federal agencies suppress medical marijuana research.
TRUTH: Millions in taxpayer funds are used to
investigate cannabis treatments, and efforts
are supported by NIH, NIDA, and the DEA.

63. LEGALIZATION

64. “The Devil Shift”
• Advocacy coalitions (on all sides)
tend to exaggerate the bad
intentions and unwavering positions
of opposing coalitions. Anyone who
disagrees with them must be
mistaken about the facts, operating
from the wrong value premises, or
acting from evil motive.

65. REEFER MADNESS!
1914-1960s
• 1914:
California outlaws
• 1936:
Reefer Madness
• 1951:
Boggs Act

66. The Cultural Shift
1960s

67. National Organization for the Reform of
Marijuana Laws (NORML)
“We will use medical
marijuana as a red
herring to give marijuana
a good name.”
Keith Stroup, 1979

68. Medical Marijuana Reality

69. How ItWorks
• States legalize according to popular
vote and state legislature
• Availability varies
• Home grows, dispensaries, caregivers
• City and county govts create
ordinances, restrictions or bans
• Some states have no age limits
• Branding and marketing is OK

70. State of the States

71. Where’sTexas?
SB339: (June 1, 2015)
allows the use of cannabis oil that is no
more than 0.5%THC and at least 10%
CBD for the treatment of intractable
epilepsy.The bill requires patients to get
approval from two certified specialists.

72. Big Marijuana vs. Science
learnaboutsam.org
LIE: Marijuana users are clogging our prisons.
TRUTH: 0.1% of state prisoners are behind
bars for possession with no prior offenses,
and most of those pled down from serious
crimes.

73. What about those jailed smokers?
• .1% - one-tenth of one percent
– in state prisons are serving
sentences for first-offense
marijuana possession.
• .3% in state prisons are serving
for possession with prior
offenses.
• 1.4% are imprisoned for
offenses involving only
marijuana-related crimes.
State Prison Population
1st offense w/ priors only MJ all others

74. What really happens:
• A car is pulled over for a minor violation.
• The officer smells marijuana and runs a
background check.
• The check reveals that the driver is on
probation.
• The driver is arrested for marijuana
possession.
• The driver is sentenced for a probation
violation with a concurrent sentence for
possession.
• On record, the driver is serving time for
marijuana possession.

75. Federal prison stats:
• .2% are incarcerated simply for marijuana use.
• Of the 6,961 marijuana offenders in federal prison in 2011, 103 were there for
possession.
• The median amount of marijuana for those convicted of possession is 115 pounds.
• Federal marijuana offenders are the most likely of all drug offenders to receive
reduced sentences.
• The government convicted only 48 offenders (both possession and trafficking)
having less than 5,000 grams of marijuana.The average was 3,800 grams – which
is 8,000-10,000 joints.

76. Innovative Criminal Justice Solutions
• Drug Courts
• Low Level Dealer Interventions
• Hawaii’sOpportunity Probation with Enforcement (HOPE)
• Small but certain punishments that escalate
“Changing addict behavior is easy. Changing judge behavior is hard.”
–Adele Herrell
HOPE Control Group
Probation no-shows 9% 23%
Positive urine tests 13% 46%
New arrest rate 21% 47%
Probation revocation 7% 15%
Incarceration days 138 days 267 days

77. Would arrests go UP under legalization?
• Marijuana arrests x 3 = Alcohol arrests.
• public drunkenness + drinking-age
violations + driving while intoxicated
• Legal marijuana = higher costs.
• possession + underage use + sales to
minors + homegrowing violations +
packaging/zoning + public intoxication +
driving while intoxicated… ∞
• Alcohol + Marijuana = ???

78. Big Marijuana vs. Science
learnaboutsam.org
LIE:We can get tax revenue if we legalize marijuana.
TRUTH: With increased use, public health costs
will rise. For every dollar gained in alcohol and
tobacco taxes, ten dollars are lost in legal, health,
social, and regulatory costs.

79. 5WaysTax Revenue Estimates Are Unrealistic
As prices rise,
Demand falls.
Prices Demand
1. Legalization would drive marijuana prices down.

80. 5Ways, cont.
10%
Decreased
Price
3%
Number
Of Users
5%
Quantity
Consumed
2. Lower prices increase use and harm.

81. The Obvious
Solution:
Taxation!
5Ways, cont.

82. 5 ways, cont.
3.Tax revenues would be exceeded by harm costs.
• Violent crime goes up in states with legal marijuana.
4.Tax collection and regulation would have high costs.
• Tax revenue would never exceed harm costs.
• Tax collection itself will require spending tax dollars.
5.Tax Evasion and Smuggling Would Be Widespread.

83. Big Marijuana vs. Science
learnaboutsam.org
LIE: Legalization would remove the black market
and stop enriching gangs.
TRUTH: With legal marijuana taxed and only
available to adults, there is plenty of room for a
black market. Gangs and cartels make the bulk of
their money in hard drugs.

84. California’s Model (2010)
Tax marijuana at $800 per pound
(That’s $50/ounce)
Marijuana can be produced for about $75 per pound
(That’s less than $5/ounce)
0 $5 - - - - - - - - - $50

85. Qualitative Evidence in Colorado
• The black market isn’t
hurting in Colorado
• Drug cartels are using legal
marijuana facilities to
launder money from
trafficking cocaine, heroin,
and marijuana
• Violence in Mexico is not
declining

86. Legalization in Other Countries
• Portugal
• Holland
• Uruguay

87. Portugal: the Public HealthApproach
• Decriminalization ≠ Legalization
• Dissuasion panels – similar to drug courts
• Selling and trafficking are still criminal offenses
• The new headlines:
• “TenYears of Legalization HasCut Portugal’s Drug
Abuse Rate in Half”
• “Portugal Shows the Best Way to Keep Kids From Pot
Is to Make It Legal”
• …Mixed Results.

88. Holland: Beware Commercialization
• “Nonenforcement” ≠ Legalization
• Decriminalization of possession and regulated
sale
• TOURISM
• Local Bans and Black Market
• Developments:
• Youth Use increased 300%
• Higher potency led to tolerance and dependency
• Other drugs flourish
• Results: Operation Backtrack

89. Uruguay:True Legalization; Inefficient
Regulation
• Private citizens or co-ops may grow
limited plants
• All sales are federal
• Commercialization is avoided
• Customers must be on a registry
• Smoking on the job and driving high are
punishable by expulsion from the registry

90. The Real Beneficiaries
• Mainstream tobacco companies
• Accessories manufacturers
• Junk food corporations

91. What does a marijuana activist look like?

92. Big Marijuana vs. Science
learnaboutsam.org
LIE: Alcohol is legal; why shouldn’t marijuana also
be legal?
TRUTH: Alcohol and tobacco are good examples of
why we SHOULDN’T legalize marijuana. Both are
abused by youth and adults, and cost billions in tax
dollars each year.

93. Myth:The Legality of Alcohol andTobacco
Strengthen the Case for Legal Marijuana
• Our experience with alcohol and tobacco provide a clear
warning AGAINST legalization.
• Alcohol kills 100,00 each year.
• Tobacco kills 500,000 each year.
• BigTobacco  Big Cannabis
• Alcohol Prohibition wasn’t a total failure
• Commercial Speech Is Free Speech

94. Targeting Kids in theTobacco Industry
“The base of our business is the high school student.” (Lorillard)
“We must get our share of the youth market….” (R.J. Reynolds)
“The 14-18 year old group is an increasing segment…RJR must soon establish
a successful new brand in this market….” (R.J. Reynolds)
“[Young people are] the only source of replacement smokers….” (RJR)
“Cherry Skoal is for somebody who likes the taste of candy, if you know what
I’m saying.” (U.S. SmokelessTobacco)
“[In] an attempt to reach young smokers…present the cigarette as one of a
few initiations into the adult world….” (Brown &Williamson)
“We don’t smoke that shit. We just sell it. We reserve the right to smoke for
the young, the poor, the black, and the stupid.” (R.J. Reynolds)

95. ButWe Know Better Now….Right?

96. Big Marijuana vs. Science
learnaboutsam.org
LIE: Legalization is inevitable.The vast majority of the
country wants it.
TRUTH:The big businesses that want legal
marijuana are pouring tens of millions of
dollars into the movement.

97. Why try to prevent the inevitable?
• Prevention works.
• Community Coalitions work.
• Marijuana addiction is preventable and
treatable.

98. Reefer Sanity: Project SAM
• Avoid black-and-white thinking
• “We can either stick to our failed policies or completely legalize”
• Marijuana Policy Goals
• Reduce harm
• Avoid jeopardizing future of possession arrestees
• Promote research of FDA-approved, pharmacy-dispensed marijuana-based medications
• Prevent a Joe Camel scenario
• Use/Possession Laws
• Small offenses result in evaluation, education, referrals
• Smoke-free laws
• Expunged criminal records
• Production/Dealing Laws
• No mandatory minimums
• Assessment and treatment in prison
• Services for reentry
• Driving
• Strict regulation and enforcement

99. Resources
San Antonio Council on Alcohol and Drug Abuse: 210-225-4741; www.sacada.org
Prevention Resource Center, Region 8: www.prcregion8.org
Circles of San Antonio Community Coalition: www.circlesofsa.org
Project SAM: Smart Approaches to Marijuana: www.learnaboutsam.org
Texas Public Policy Research Institute: www.ppri.tamu.edu
Texas Department of State Health Services: www.dshs.state.tx.us
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse andAlcoholism: www.niaaa.nih.gov
National Institute on Drug Abuse: www.drugabuse.gov

100. References
16 states with laws specifically about legal cannabidiol (CBD). Retrieved from http://medicalmarijuana.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=006473
Asbridge, M., Hayden, J. A., and Cartwright, J. L. (2012). Acute cannabis consumption and motor vehicle collision risk: Systematic review of observational studies and meta-analysis. BMJ 2012;
344:e536. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e536
Belluz, J. (2016, April 5). Whoopi Goldberg is launching a line of marijuana products to treat period pain. There’s no science behind them. Retrieved from
http://www.vox.com/2016/4/5/11349176/whoopi-goldberg-marijuana-period
Berning, A., Compton, R., & Wochinger, K. (2015). Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers. U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
Retrieved from http://www.nhtsa.gov/About+NHTSA/Press+Releases/2015/nhtsa-releases-2-impaired-driving-studies-02-2015
Bloom, J. W., Kaltenborn, W. T., & Paoletti, P. (1987). Respiratory effects of non-tobacco cigarettes. British Medical Journal 1987; 295: 1516-18.
Cannabis company seeks NFL stadium naming rights. (2016, April 4). Retrieved from http://www.mjbizdaily.com/cannabis-company-seeks-nfl-stadium-naming-rights
Cerdá, M., Wall, M., Keyes, K. M., Galea, S., & Hasin, D. (2012). Medical marijuana laws in 50 states: Investigating the relationship between state legalization of medical marijuana and marijuana use,
abuse, and dependence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 120(1-3): 22-27.
Cher, L. (2016, March 21). Uruguay’s half-baked marijuana experiment. Retrieved from http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/03/21/uruguay-marijuana-legalization/
Deaths from marijuana v. 17 FDA-approved drugs. (2005). Retrieved from http://www.oregon.gov/Pharmacy/Imports/Marijuana/Public/DeathsFromMarijuanaV17FDAdrugs.pdf
Drug Enforcement Administration. (2016). Retrieved from http://www.dea.gov

101. References, cont.
Flynn, M. (2016, March 18).Texas lawmaker doesn’t seem to understand medical marijuana bill she helped pass. Houston Press. Retrieved from
http://www.houstonpress.com/news/texas-lawmaker-doesnt-seem-to-understand-medical-marijuana-bill-she-helped-pass-8251297
History of marijuana as medicine. Retrieved from http://www.medicalmarijuana.procon.org/view.timeline.php?timelineID=000026
Leaf Science. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.leafscience.com
Learn about marijuana. (2015, April). Retrieved from http://www.learnaboutmarijuanawa.org/factsheets/cannabinoids.html
Legal medical marijuana states and DC. Retrieved from http://www. medicalmarijuana.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=000881#California
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