1. The document compares the medical tourism industries of Thailand and South Korea, two pioneering and emerging destinations in Asia.
2. It outlines how Thailand developed its industry by capitalizing on crises, promoting through its tourism authority, and gaining a reputation for affordable, high-quality care. Key events like 1997's financial crisis and the 2004 tsunami helped growth.
3. South Korea is emerging more recently through government support like legal changes allowing international promotion and partnerships with foreign hospitals. It aims to follow Thailand's model and benefit from its technological expertise.
Medical tourism is a term to describe the rapidly
across international borders
travellers include elective procedures as well as complex specialized surgeries.
50 countries have identified medical tourism
healthcare revenues upward of US$3.3 trillion health care is world’s second largest
business after retailing. The healthcare industry in India is worth US$19 billion and is
expected to grow at an annual rate of 13% for the next three
spending on healthcare is 5.2% of GDP and is distributed bet
and public sector (37%) and pr
ventures (63%).
The aim of this study is to determine the effective factors for attracting medical
tourism to Bangalore in a variety of aspect such as propel’ function of related
organization, ‘ proper marketing mix according to special circumstances of
Bangalore. It seems that kno
Bangalore to medical tourism mar
be addressed for the medical tourism
range of strategic and tactical initiatives that would contribute to a faster growth
the industry. Special emphasis is placed on the need for
various stakeholders such as me
transportation services, tourism departments and the government.
on the factors that make India the most potential medical tourism market in
Actors such as lo cost, scale and ran
other medical tourism destinations
‘Health is wealth’ medical tourism industry in india the new revenue generatIAEME Publication
The document discusses the growth of medical tourism in India. It provides 3 key points:
1) Costs of medical treatments in India are much lower (often 1/10th the cost) compared to countries like the US and UK, making it an attractive destination for medical tourism. Treatments in India are also of high quality.
2) India has a large number of hospitals, doctors, and nurses to support the medical tourism industry. It offers treatments across many specialties.
3) In addition to modern medicine, India also offers alternative treatments like Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, and Unani that are gaining global popularity. The growth of medical tourism generates revenue for India.
This document provides an overview of medical tourism in India. It discusses the status and prospects of medical tourism in India based on a research project submitted to fulfill the requirements for a Bachelor's degree in Hotel and Tourism Management. The document includes chapters on the introduction and purpose of the study, literature review on medical tourism, research methodology, results discussion, findings summary, and conclusions and recommendations. It also includes tables of data collected from travelers and doctors on their perspectives on medical tourism in India.
This document provides an overview of health tourism in India. It discusses the history and definition of health tourism, as well as the key drivers that have led to its growth as a multibillion dollar industry. It outlines India's advantages as a health tourism destination, including world-class treatment at a lower cost compared to other countries. The document also examines the systems and facilities available in India, including modern medical treatments and traditional practices like Ayurveda. It analyzes the accreditation standards that Indian hospitals must meet and provides statistics on the revenue and patients generated by India's health tourism industry.
Thailand has become a popular destination for health tourism due to its low-cost yet high-quality healthcare services and traditional treatments like Thai massage. Hospitals in Thailand offer JCI accreditation and have experience treating complex medical cases while costs are often much lower than in other countries. The Thai government supports the growth of health tourism through programs like the Health Promotion Temple project and by regulating herbal product standards. While facing threats from rising global competition, health tourism is seen as an important opportunity for Thailand's economy.
Abstract: Medical tourism is a growing phenomenon with policy implications for health systems, particularly of destination countries. Private actors and governments in Southeast Asia are promoting the medical tourist industry. This article presents a conceptual framework that outlines the policy implications of medical tourism's growth for health systems, drawing on the cases of Thailand, Singapore and Malaysia and other hubs for medical tourism. Variables for further analysis of the potential impact of medical tourism on health systems are also identified. The framework can provide a basis for empirical, in country studies weighing the benefits and disadvantages of medical tourism for health systems. The policy implications described are of particular relevance for policymakers and industry practitioners in other Southeast Asian countries with similar health systems where governments have expressed interest in facilitating the growth of the medical tourist industry. This article calls for a universal definition of medical tourism and medical tourists to be enunciated, as well as concerted data collection efforts, to be undertaken prior to any meaningful empirical analysis of medical tourism's impact on health systems.
The document provides an overview of health tourism and discusses various concepts related to healthy living and lifestyle. It defines health tourism as traveling to avail advanced healthcare services from experienced medical professionals. It then discusses concepts like healthy diet, fitness, weight management, sleep, medical checkups, managing stress and blood pressure, and substance abuse as important factors for healthy living. The document also elaborates on specific aspects like benefits of regular medical checkups, importance of maintaining healthy blood pressure levels through diet and exercise, and health benefits of regular physical fitness activities.
Medical tourism is a term to describe the rapidly
across international borders
travellers include elective procedures as well as complex specialized surgeries.
50 countries have identified medical tourism
healthcare revenues upward of US$3.3 trillion health care is world’s second largest
business after retailing. The healthcare industry in India is worth US$19 billion and is
expected to grow at an annual rate of 13% for the next three
spending on healthcare is 5.2% of GDP and is distributed bet
and public sector (37%) and pr
ventures (63%).
The aim of this study is to determine the effective factors for attracting medical
tourism to Bangalore in a variety of aspect such as propel’ function of related
organization, ‘ proper marketing mix according to special circumstances of
Bangalore. It seems that kno
Bangalore to medical tourism mar
be addressed for the medical tourism
range of strategic and tactical initiatives that would contribute to a faster growth
the industry. Special emphasis is placed on the need for
various stakeholders such as me
transportation services, tourism departments and the government.
on the factors that make India the most potential medical tourism market in
Actors such as lo cost, scale and ran
other medical tourism destinations
‘Health is wealth’ medical tourism industry in india the new revenue generatIAEME Publication
The document discusses the growth of medical tourism in India. It provides 3 key points:
1) Costs of medical treatments in India are much lower (often 1/10th the cost) compared to countries like the US and UK, making it an attractive destination for medical tourism. Treatments in India are also of high quality.
2) India has a large number of hospitals, doctors, and nurses to support the medical tourism industry. It offers treatments across many specialties.
3) In addition to modern medicine, India also offers alternative treatments like Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, and Unani that are gaining global popularity. The growth of medical tourism generates revenue for India.
This document provides an overview of medical tourism in India. It discusses the status and prospects of medical tourism in India based on a research project submitted to fulfill the requirements for a Bachelor's degree in Hotel and Tourism Management. The document includes chapters on the introduction and purpose of the study, literature review on medical tourism, research methodology, results discussion, findings summary, and conclusions and recommendations. It also includes tables of data collected from travelers and doctors on their perspectives on medical tourism in India.
This document provides an overview of health tourism in India. It discusses the history and definition of health tourism, as well as the key drivers that have led to its growth as a multibillion dollar industry. It outlines India's advantages as a health tourism destination, including world-class treatment at a lower cost compared to other countries. The document also examines the systems and facilities available in India, including modern medical treatments and traditional practices like Ayurveda. It analyzes the accreditation standards that Indian hospitals must meet and provides statistics on the revenue and patients generated by India's health tourism industry.
Thailand has become a popular destination for health tourism due to its low-cost yet high-quality healthcare services and traditional treatments like Thai massage. Hospitals in Thailand offer JCI accreditation and have experience treating complex medical cases while costs are often much lower than in other countries. The Thai government supports the growth of health tourism through programs like the Health Promotion Temple project and by regulating herbal product standards. While facing threats from rising global competition, health tourism is seen as an important opportunity for Thailand's economy.
Abstract: Medical tourism is a growing phenomenon with policy implications for health systems, particularly of destination countries. Private actors and governments in Southeast Asia are promoting the medical tourist industry. This article presents a conceptual framework that outlines the policy implications of medical tourism's growth for health systems, drawing on the cases of Thailand, Singapore and Malaysia and other hubs for medical tourism. Variables for further analysis of the potential impact of medical tourism on health systems are also identified. The framework can provide a basis for empirical, in country studies weighing the benefits and disadvantages of medical tourism for health systems. The policy implications described are of particular relevance for policymakers and industry practitioners in other Southeast Asian countries with similar health systems where governments have expressed interest in facilitating the growth of the medical tourist industry. This article calls for a universal definition of medical tourism and medical tourists to be enunciated, as well as concerted data collection efforts, to be undertaken prior to any meaningful empirical analysis of medical tourism's impact on health systems.
The document provides an overview of health tourism and discusses various concepts related to healthy living and lifestyle. It defines health tourism as traveling to avail advanced healthcare services from experienced medical professionals. It then discusses concepts like healthy diet, fitness, weight management, sleep, medical checkups, managing stress and blood pressure, and substance abuse as important factors for healthy living. The document also elaborates on specific aspects like benefits of regular medical checkups, importance of maintaining healthy blood pressure levels through diet and exercise, and health benefits of regular physical fitness activities.
The document discusses India's growing health tourism industry, including medical tourism and wellness tourism. It outlines the history and factors influencing health tourism's growth in India. The major segments are defined as medical tourism, which focuses on pathology/surgery, and wellness tourism, which emphasizes alternative medicine and improving well-being. India has become a major destination for health tourism due to its traditional healing methods, cost-effectiveness, and modern healthcare facilities. Kerala and Delhi are highlighted as leading states for Ayurveda/wellness and medical services respectively. Challenges and government initiatives to promote health tourism in India are also summarized.
Medical Tourism : An Emerging Industry Anil Bankar
The document discusses various trends in the tourism industry including medical tourism. It notes that medical tourism has grown significantly in recent decades as countries like India and Thailand have become popular destinations for treatments that are more affordable than in other countries. The document provides details on the history of medical tourism and compares costs for various medical treatments between India and other countries. It also outlines the services provided by medical tourism operators and potential career opportunities in the growing medical tourism industry.
This document provides an overview of medical tourism, with a focus on India. It discusses what medical tourism is, common terms used, a brief history, and India's role. Key points include that medical tourism involves traveling abroad for treatment, India has a long history as a destination for health travelers seeking affordable treatments like Ayurveda, and the country now has many JCI accredited hospitals and is a leading destination for procedures like orthopedics and cardiology due to high quality care at much lower costs than other countries.
India has grown as a medical tourism destination due to its low costs for procedures that are 20% of costs in countries like the US. Medical tourism could generate $2 billion for India by 2012. However, India needs to improve its branding and perception as a healthcare destination through coordinated marketing efforts. It must promote itself as offering high quality care at affordable prices and leverage attractions like tourism to become a leading medical tourism brand.
This document summarizes a presentation about medical tourism. It defines medical tourism as traveling abroad for medical treatment and lists popular specialties like cosmetic surgery, dentistry, and cardiovascular procedures. It notes the growth of medical tourism due to high healthcare costs in some countries and more affordable options abroad that are often a fraction of the price. The document outlines advantages like immediate access to care, improved travel/communication, opportunities to travel, and high-quality care at accredited facilities. It stresses the importance of researching providers, records, follow-up care, and legal protections before engaging in medical tourism.
Medical Tourism in Turkey: with IVF case study, comparison to USA implementat...Mustafa Said YILDIZ
Medical tourism has become an important mechanism of obtaining medical care services and it is estimated that total value of medical tourism has become more than $100 billion per year. The number of patients travelling internationally will continue to increase with lower effective travel cost, improvements in quality of care in “medical hubs”, and the cost-advantage of obtaining services elsewhere. The flow of patients is not unidirectional; patients flow from developed to developing regions, between developing areas as well as from developing areas to developed economies. A number of factors affect the size and direction of the flow. Turkey is now competing with other regional hubs to develop its medical tourism industry. Since medical tourism focus on services that show little or no decline in value with delayed receipt of services, it is not surprising that dental care, cosmetic surgeries, etc. are being promoted. The purpose of this study is to better understand the factors associated with increased popularity of medical tourism in Turkey.
To better understand the process of development of medical tourism for specific type of medical care, this study examines one specialized intervention, In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), as the case study. In the past few years IVF has become an important medical tourism service for Turkey and analysis of its development can indicate how medical tourism evolves within a “hub” and how it can lead to development of other services for increasing the demand for general medical care by foreign patients. Cost of medical services in Turkey is only about 30% of the costs in Western Europe and the USA but the high demand for IVF services is not due to cost-advantage only; the success rate of IVF is found to be higher in Turkey than in the USA. Therefore, after correcting for the success rate, the cost-advantage per successful case becomes even higher. Over the last few years, quality indicators of Turkish hospitals in major medical tourism cities are also showing significant improvements implying that Turkey is moving towards creating significant comparative advantage in medical tourism.
This research indicates that most medical hubs like Turkey are going through rapid changes in their domestic medical care markets. Turkey has been successful in maintaining significant cost-advantage per unit of service provided compared to the cost in developed countries. Despite relatively low cost of care, the quality indices are showing significant improvements. In this case study we observe that the success rate of IVF has become better in Turkey than in the USA. If this trend of lower-cost but high quality continues, demand for medical tourism is likely to expand at a very rapid rate. In fact, higher level of medical tourism will be welfare improving for all and should be encouraged.
This document discusses health tourism, which refers to people traveling internationally to obtain healthcare. It provides an overview of health tourism, defining it and listing countries involved like India, Thailand, and Singapore. Popular procedures for health tourists include complicated surgeries, organ transplants, and fertility treatments. India is an attractive destination for its low costs, reputable facilities, and integration with tourism. The document outlines initiatives by the Indian government to promote and regulate health tourism.
The document discusses the challenges of health tourism in Kish Free Zone, Iran. It begins with background on health tourism globally and in Iran. It then describes a case study conducted in 2012 through interviews with 14 experts in tourism, healthcare, and health tourism in Kish Free Zone. The study identified 13 main challenges to health tourism in Kish related to policymaking, infrastructure, administration, and macro-level issues in Iran. Addressing these challenges will be important for Kish Free Zone Organization to develop health tourism in the region.
A look at health tourism in Costa Rica as well as elsewhere in the world. Many Americans are seeking an affordable alternative to health care in the US.
Introduction to Medical Tourism in IndiaRanganDatta2
Medical tourism involves people traveling to a different country or place to receive medical treatment. It is defined as seeking lower cost care, higher quality care, better access to care, or different care than what is available in the home country. India is a top destination for medical tourism due to its world-class facilities, excellent doctors, and significantly lower costs compared to countries like the US. Treatments in India can be 60-90% cheaper than in Western nations. While India has strengths like affordable costs and quality care, it also faces weaknesses like the need for more government support and uniform regulations to develop its medical tourism industry further.
This document discusses medical tourism, including key drivers and destinations. It notes that medical tourism is increasingly popular and presents both opportunities and challenges. Several countries are mentioned as top medical tourism destinations, including Thailand, India, and Singapore, which are attractive due to factors like high-quality care and accreditation at lower costs than in other countries. Risks associated with medical tourism include issues with quality of care, legal protections, and medical complications that arise from traveling.
The document discusses the globalization of healthcare through the rise of medical tourism. Medical tourism involves people traveling abroad for cheaper medical care not covered by their insurance. It has grown more popular as costs in developed nations rise. The document outlines countries commonly involved in medical tourism on both sides, including India, Thailand, and the US. Medical tourists seek various procedures and specialties. The trend benefits both patients who access affordable care and countries who earn revenue. However, some question impacts on domestic healthcare systems and quality abroad.
This document discusses medical tourism, which refers to people traveling to another country to obtain medical treatment. It provides examples of reasons people engage in medical tourism, such as high savings, no wait lists, high quality treatment, and access to latest technology. It also discusses medical tourism in specific Asian countries like Thailand, Malaysia, India, and their advantages as medical tourism destinations.
Medical Tourism by Yesu Kumar- PGDHM Healthcare ManagementYesu Kumar
Medical Tourism is an act of travelling from home county to another country seeking of a quality care with an affordable cost.
Medical tourism has a popular mass culture where people travel to overseas countries to obtain health care services and facilities such as medical, dental, surgical, physical, mental care, whilst having the opportunity to visit the tourist spots of that country.
Medical tourism is an economic activity that entails trade in services and represent two sectors- medicine and tourism.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
1. Medical tourism in India has grown due to collaboration between the medical and tourism industries, allowing people to receive affordable treatment while also vacationing.
2. India offers world-class medical facilities and treatments in various fields at a fraction of the cost compared to places like the US. It is also a popular tourist destination with beaches, palaces and hill stations.
3. While medical tourism offers savings and access to procedures not available locally, there are also risks like differing standards of care and the potential for complications to occur abroad. Strict quality standards and oversight can help address these risks.
World medical tourism and global health conference providing low cost child h...Gordon Otieno Odundo
7th World Medical Tourism and Global Healthcare Congress presentation to the 3rd Annual Medical Director Summit held on Sept. 21st during the Annual Congress. The Congress took place September 20th -24th 2014 at the Gaylord National Resort & Convention Center in the Washington, DC area. The esteemed presenters were CEOs and Healthcare Leaders from around the world who recognize the value of the event as the largest medical tourism event in the world where people come together for prearranged business to business meetings to maximize their ROI. The Summit gathered Chief Medial Officers and Medical Directors from top hospitals and insurance companies from around the world to collaborate and network regarding the challenges in providing quality healthcare and insurance to local and international patients, and allowed discussion with peers in other countries and learn best practices to strategically improve our organization’s planning. The presentation centered on Delivering High Quality, Low Cost Care at Scale through Primary Care : A case Study from Gertrude's Childrens' Hospital, Nairobi Kenya.Gertrude's Children's Hospital, Nairobi Kenya is the longest established paediatric hospital in East and Central Africa. The hospital is reaching out into peripheral clinics to offer child health services, vaccination and primary care. Seven day working, a shared record and IT for scheduling ensures that waiting times are very low and that continuity of care is maintained. In a competitive market forming an early relationship with children and their families is important and a well organised clinic, in a convenient location and staffed with skilled and well qualified professionals is an important part of this strategy. The model is very successful and won a Millennium Development Goal Award and is being copied by other providers in the country.
This document discusses health tourism, which is defined as travelling abroad to receive medical treatment. It notes that India is a major destination for health tourism due to the lower costs of procedures compared to other countries, the availability of advanced equipment and medical experts, and specialty treatments not available elsewhere. Popular areas of treatment in India's health tourism industry include dentistry, fertility treatments, cancer care, and cosmetic surgery. Cities like Delhi, Bangalore, Mumbai, and Chennai are preferred locations. The health tourism industry in India is growing rapidly and is expected to become a $7-8 billion industry by 2020.
Foreign investment in hospital sector in india by Dr.Mahboob ali khan MHA,CPH...Healthcare consultant
: This study examines the status of and trends in foreign investment inflow into the Indian hospital sector and highlights the emerging issues from 2000 to 2014, the era of liberalised foreign investment. During this period a significant number of multinational players focussed on the Indian hospital sector—expanding their presence through partnerships and investments in joint venture projects. Though foreign investment inflow to hospitals increased hundredfold during the period, an examination of selected major corporate hospitals of India, however, reflects that international investments constitute a small share within total financing; rather, it is the long‐term domestic borrowing that dominates.
Motivation and Decision on Medical Tourism Service in Thailand Nattie Bua
This research involves discovering what are the motivations and factors that influence customers on making decision for medical tourism service in the case of Thailand.
Motivation and Decision on Medical Tourism Service in Thailand .PPTNattie Bua
1) The document discusses factors that influence medical tourists' decisions to seek medical services in Thailand. It analyzes two groups - medical-focused tourists who prioritize treatment quality, and tourism-focused tourists who prioritize vacation amenities.
2) Key factors for medical tourists include treatment costs, quality and reputation, while tourism tourists consider destination attractiveness and convenience.
3) Thailand has been successful in medical tourism due to its low costs, good healthcare quality, and beautiful landscapes. However, the country needs more medical tourism agencies to coordinate services and develop its medical tourism cluster further.
The document discusses India's growing health tourism industry, including medical tourism and wellness tourism. It outlines the history and factors influencing health tourism's growth in India. The major segments are defined as medical tourism, which focuses on pathology/surgery, and wellness tourism, which emphasizes alternative medicine and improving well-being. India has become a major destination for health tourism due to its traditional healing methods, cost-effectiveness, and modern healthcare facilities. Kerala and Delhi are highlighted as leading states for Ayurveda/wellness and medical services respectively. Challenges and government initiatives to promote health tourism in India are also summarized.
Medical Tourism : An Emerging Industry Anil Bankar
The document discusses various trends in the tourism industry including medical tourism. It notes that medical tourism has grown significantly in recent decades as countries like India and Thailand have become popular destinations for treatments that are more affordable than in other countries. The document provides details on the history of medical tourism and compares costs for various medical treatments between India and other countries. It also outlines the services provided by medical tourism operators and potential career opportunities in the growing medical tourism industry.
This document provides an overview of medical tourism, with a focus on India. It discusses what medical tourism is, common terms used, a brief history, and India's role. Key points include that medical tourism involves traveling abroad for treatment, India has a long history as a destination for health travelers seeking affordable treatments like Ayurveda, and the country now has many JCI accredited hospitals and is a leading destination for procedures like orthopedics and cardiology due to high quality care at much lower costs than other countries.
India has grown as a medical tourism destination due to its low costs for procedures that are 20% of costs in countries like the US. Medical tourism could generate $2 billion for India by 2012. However, India needs to improve its branding and perception as a healthcare destination through coordinated marketing efforts. It must promote itself as offering high quality care at affordable prices and leverage attractions like tourism to become a leading medical tourism brand.
This document summarizes a presentation about medical tourism. It defines medical tourism as traveling abroad for medical treatment and lists popular specialties like cosmetic surgery, dentistry, and cardiovascular procedures. It notes the growth of medical tourism due to high healthcare costs in some countries and more affordable options abroad that are often a fraction of the price. The document outlines advantages like immediate access to care, improved travel/communication, opportunities to travel, and high-quality care at accredited facilities. It stresses the importance of researching providers, records, follow-up care, and legal protections before engaging in medical tourism.
Medical Tourism in Turkey: with IVF case study, comparison to USA implementat...Mustafa Said YILDIZ
Medical tourism has become an important mechanism of obtaining medical care services and it is estimated that total value of medical tourism has become more than $100 billion per year. The number of patients travelling internationally will continue to increase with lower effective travel cost, improvements in quality of care in “medical hubs”, and the cost-advantage of obtaining services elsewhere. The flow of patients is not unidirectional; patients flow from developed to developing regions, between developing areas as well as from developing areas to developed economies. A number of factors affect the size and direction of the flow. Turkey is now competing with other regional hubs to develop its medical tourism industry. Since medical tourism focus on services that show little or no decline in value with delayed receipt of services, it is not surprising that dental care, cosmetic surgeries, etc. are being promoted. The purpose of this study is to better understand the factors associated with increased popularity of medical tourism in Turkey.
To better understand the process of development of medical tourism for specific type of medical care, this study examines one specialized intervention, In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), as the case study. In the past few years IVF has become an important medical tourism service for Turkey and analysis of its development can indicate how medical tourism evolves within a “hub” and how it can lead to development of other services for increasing the demand for general medical care by foreign patients. Cost of medical services in Turkey is only about 30% of the costs in Western Europe and the USA but the high demand for IVF services is not due to cost-advantage only; the success rate of IVF is found to be higher in Turkey than in the USA. Therefore, after correcting for the success rate, the cost-advantage per successful case becomes even higher. Over the last few years, quality indicators of Turkish hospitals in major medical tourism cities are also showing significant improvements implying that Turkey is moving towards creating significant comparative advantage in medical tourism.
This research indicates that most medical hubs like Turkey are going through rapid changes in their domestic medical care markets. Turkey has been successful in maintaining significant cost-advantage per unit of service provided compared to the cost in developed countries. Despite relatively low cost of care, the quality indices are showing significant improvements. In this case study we observe that the success rate of IVF has become better in Turkey than in the USA. If this trend of lower-cost but high quality continues, demand for medical tourism is likely to expand at a very rapid rate. In fact, higher level of medical tourism will be welfare improving for all and should be encouraged.
This document discusses health tourism, which refers to people traveling internationally to obtain healthcare. It provides an overview of health tourism, defining it and listing countries involved like India, Thailand, and Singapore. Popular procedures for health tourists include complicated surgeries, organ transplants, and fertility treatments. India is an attractive destination for its low costs, reputable facilities, and integration with tourism. The document outlines initiatives by the Indian government to promote and regulate health tourism.
The document discusses the challenges of health tourism in Kish Free Zone, Iran. It begins with background on health tourism globally and in Iran. It then describes a case study conducted in 2012 through interviews with 14 experts in tourism, healthcare, and health tourism in Kish Free Zone. The study identified 13 main challenges to health tourism in Kish related to policymaking, infrastructure, administration, and macro-level issues in Iran. Addressing these challenges will be important for Kish Free Zone Organization to develop health tourism in the region.
A look at health tourism in Costa Rica as well as elsewhere in the world. Many Americans are seeking an affordable alternative to health care in the US.
Introduction to Medical Tourism in IndiaRanganDatta2
Medical tourism involves people traveling to a different country or place to receive medical treatment. It is defined as seeking lower cost care, higher quality care, better access to care, or different care than what is available in the home country. India is a top destination for medical tourism due to its world-class facilities, excellent doctors, and significantly lower costs compared to countries like the US. Treatments in India can be 60-90% cheaper than in Western nations. While India has strengths like affordable costs and quality care, it also faces weaknesses like the need for more government support and uniform regulations to develop its medical tourism industry further.
This document discusses medical tourism, including key drivers and destinations. It notes that medical tourism is increasingly popular and presents both opportunities and challenges. Several countries are mentioned as top medical tourism destinations, including Thailand, India, and Singapore, which are attractive due to factors like high-quality care and accreditation at lower costs than in other countries. Risks associated with medical tourism include issues with quality of care, legal protections, and medical complications that arise from traveling.
The document discusses the globalization of healthcare through the rise of medical tourism. Medical tourism involves people traveling abroad for cheaper medical care not covered by their insurance. It has grown more popular as costs in developed nations rise. The document outlines countries commonly involved in medical tourism on both sides, including India, Thailand, and the US. Medical tourists seek various procedures and specialties. The trend benefits both patients who access affordable care and countries who earn revenue. However, some question impacts on domestic healthcare systems and quality abroad.
This document discusses medical tourism, which refers to people traveling to another country to obtain medical treatment. It provides examples of reasons people engage in medical tourism, such as high savings, no wait lists, high quality treatment, and access to latest technology. It also discusses medical tourism in specific Asian countries like Thailand, Malaysia, India, and their advantages as medical tourism destinations.
Medical Tourism by Yesu Kumar- PGDHM Healthcare ManagementYesu Kumar
Medical Tourism is an act of travelling from home county to another country seeking of a quality care with an affordable cost.
Medical tourism has a popular mass culture where people travel to overseas countries to obtain health care services and facilities such as medical, dental, surgical, physical, mental care, whilst having the opportunity to visit the tourist spots of that country.
Medical tourism is an economic activity that entails trade in services and represent two sectors- medicine and tourism.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
1. Medical tourism in India has grown due to collaboration between the medical and tourism industries, allowing people to receive affordable treatment while also vacationing.
2. India offers world-class medical facilities and treatments in various fields at a fraction of the cost compared to places like the US. It is also a popular tourist destination with beaches, palaces and hill stations.
3. While medical tourism offers savings and access to procedures not available locally, there are also risks like differing standards of care and the potential for complications to occur abroad. Strict quality standards and oversight can help address these risks.
World medical tourism and global health conference providing low cost child h...Gordon Otieno Odundo
7th World Medical Tourism and Global Healthcare Congress presentation to the 3rd Annual Medical Director Summit held on Sept. 21st during the Annual Congress. The Congress took place September 20th -24th 2014 at the Gaylord National Resort & Convention Center in the Washington, DC area. The esteemed presenters were CEOs and Healthcare Leaders from around the world who recognize the value of the event as the largest medical tourism event in the world where people come together for prearranged business to business meetings to maximize their ROI. The Summit gathered Chief Medial Officers and Medical Directors from top hospitals and insurance companies from around the world to collaborate and network regarding the challenges in providing quality healthcare and insurance to local and international patients, and allowed discussion with peers in other countries and learn best practices to strategically improve our organization’s planning. The presentation centered on Delivering High Quality, Low Cost Care at Scale through Primary Care : A case Study from Gertrude's Childrens' Hospital, Nairobi Kenya.Gertrude's Children's Hospital, Nairobi Kenya is the longest established paediatric hospital in East and Central Africa. The hospital is reaching out into peripheral clinics to offer child health services, vaccination and primary care. Seven day working, a shared record and IT for scheduling ensures that waiting times are very low and that continuity of care is maintained. In a competitive market forming an early relationship with children and their families is important and a well organised clinic, in a convenient location and staffed with skilled and well qualified professionals is an important part of this strategy. The model is very successful and won a Millennium Development Goal Award and is being copied by other providers in the country.
This document discusses health tourism, which is defined as travelling abroad to receive medical treatment. It notes that India is a major destination for health tourism due to the lower costs of procedures compared to other countries, the availability of advanced equipment and medical experts, and specialty treatments not available elsewhere. Popular areas of treatment in India's health tourism industry include dentistry, fertility treatments, cancer care, and cosmetic surgery. Cities like Delhi, Bangalore, Mumbai, and Chennai are preferred locations. The health tourism industry in India is growing rapidly and is expected to become a $7-8 billion industry by 2020.
Foreign investment in hospital sector in india by Dr.Mahboob ali khan MHA,CPH...Healthcare consultant
: This study examines the status of and trends in foreign investment inflow into the Indian hospital sector and highlights the emerging issues from 2000 to 2014, the era of liberalised foreign investment. During this period a significant number of multinational players focussed on the Indian hospital sector—expanding their presence through partnerships and investments in joint venture projects. Though foreign investment inflow to hospitals increased hundredfold during the period, an examination of selected major corporate hospitals of India, however, reflects that international investments constitute a small share within total financing; rather, it is the long‐term domestic borrowing that dominates.
Foreign investment in hospital sector in india by Dr.Mahboob ali khan MHA,CPH...
Similar to Thailand and South Korea on Medical Tourism as a Niche Market Segment: Comparisons Between Pioneering and Emerging Medical Tourism Destinations
Motivation and Decision on Medical Tourism Service in Thailand Nattie Bua
This research involves discovering what are the motivations and factors that influence customers on making decision for medical tourism service in the case of Thailand.
Motivation and Decision on Medical Tourism Service in Thailand .PPTNattie Bua
1) The document discusses factors that influence medical tourists' decisions to seek medical services in Thailand. It analyzes two groups - medical-focused tourists who prioritize treatment quality, and tourism-focused tourists who prioritize vacation amenities.
2) Key factors for medical tourists include treatment costs, quality and reputation, while tourism tourists consider destination attractiveness and convenience.
3) Thailand has been successful in medical tourism due to its low costs, good healthcare quality, and beautiful landscapes. However, the country needs more medical tourism agencies to coordinate services and develop its medical tourism cluster further.
Dubai Medical Tourism – A Case StudyIntroductionTo enhancAlyciaGold776
This document provides background information on medical tourism in Dubai. It discusses Dubai's efforts to become a leading medical tourism destination through investments in healthcare infrastructure and facilities. Dubai aims to attract wealthy medical tourists from around the world with packages that include high-quality treatment and rehabilitation services alongside luxury accommodations and entertainment. Expanding rehabilitation services could help Dubai meet its goal of innovation in medical tourism by offering tourists an enhanced experience during their recovery. The document considers whether Dubai should implement this rehabilitation enhancement based on its potential to attract new patients and generate economic benefits for the emirate.
The document discusses Thailand's efforts to become the number 1 medical hub of Asia. It notes that Thailand already has a strong healthcare infrastructure and reputation for skilled medical professionals. The Thai government is supporting policies to strengthen Thailand's position as a regional medical hub through its Thailand 4.0 policy and 2016-2025 Strategic Plan. Factors like rising healthcare demand from Thailand's aging population, strong medical facilities, and attractive investment incentives are also helping Thailand become the top medical hub in the region.
Medical tourism involves traveling to another country or region for the primary purpose of receiving medical care, as well as potentially combining treatment with tourism. It has historical roots dating back thousands of years when people would travel between territories seeking mineral waters, hot springs, or treatment at sanitariums. Modern medical tourism involves three main types: outbound tourism where people leave their home country for treatment, inbound tourism where international patients visit a country for care, and intrabound tourism involving travel within one's home country. Planning medical tourism properly requires consideration of issues like accreditation, safety, connectivity, accommodation, culture, competition from other countries, socio-religious factors, language barriers, ethics, legislation, publicity, and local administration.
1) Thailand has developed into a major destination for medical tourism due to the significantly lower costs of healthcare compared to countries like the US. The number of medical tourists in Thailand has increased from almost none to over 450,000 per year in less than a decade.
2) While medical tourism generates income for Thailand's economy, it also risks creating problems for the public healthcare system and a "brain drain" as doctors leave government hospitals for higher salaries in private hospitals catering to medical tourists. This could reduce access to advanced healthcare for rural and poor Thais.
3) Proponents argue that increased medical tourism will train more doctors and improve Thailand's overall healthcare infrastructure, eventually lowering costs for middle-class Thais
The document discusses medical tourism in India from the perspective of hospitals. It notes that while India lags in primary healthcare infrastructure compared to other developing nations, costs for procedures in India are much lower than in countries like the US and UK. For hospitals, there are opportunities to generate profits not just from medical procedures but also through premium accommodation, food, and other ancillary services provided to medical tourists. However, hospitals face challenges in differentiating their services for medical tourists and must focus on marketing, quality, and offering comprehensive packages to succeed in medical tourism.
This document is from the International Journal of Marketing and Human Resource Management and discusses several previous studies on medical tourism. It provides an abstract of a study that analyzes why developing countries like India attract foreign patients for medical treatment and evaluates patient satisfaction levels at a hospital in New Delhi. The document also summarizes 6 previous reviews on medical tourism that examined topics like definitions of medical tourism, what motivates medical tourists, ethical issues, and the benefits and consequences of medical tourism for developing and developed countries. Overall, the studies concluded that countries can benefit economically from medical tourism but must ensure quality care and avoid creating dual healthcare systems.
This document outlines a marketing strategy to boost medical tourism in Korea. It discusses trends in the global medical tourism market and introduces the 7Ps marketing mix approach. For each P, global trends are examined and specific strategies for Korea are suggested. The strategies focus on differentiating Korean healthcare products, ensuring price transparency, emphasizing cultural sensitivity in customer service, designing the patient experience through service packaging, positioning Korea as a destination for smart and kind healthcare, expanding foreign sales channels, and diversifying promotional activities targeting different countries. The goal is for Korea to attract more foreign patients and become a leading global medical tourism destination.
India is one of the oldest countries in the world that offered state of the art medical services to many acute and chronic ailments since ages. The Great Indian Medical Practitioners ‘Charak’a and ‘Sushrutha’ developed the Medical and Surgical Procedures much before the world knows about medicine to many diseases. The Charaka Samhitha is considered as the Oldest Writing in the Medical History which guided many of the medical practitioners across countries. The ‘Sushruta Samhita' contains the major surgical text of the Vedas and is considered to be the most advanced compilation of surgical practices of its time. India is the mother land for the alternate medicinal practices like Ayrveda, Unani and Nature Cur also. Our Ancient Indian Medical Practitioners performed complicated surgical procedures with equipment available naturally in those times. After the development of Allopathic Medicine, our Medical Practitioners adopted the best possible methods for curing the ailments of the people with utmost care thus making India the best among the world in health care. This has paved way for attracting many people from all over the world to chose India as the Best Place for curing their diseases. Travelling from one place to another place for the purpose of Medical needs is termed as Medical Tourism. Off late, this has developed as the most prominent service sector and is creating a lot of business and employment opportunities to the organizations and localities offering this service. In this back drop, the authors have attempted to focus on the concept and highlighted the recent developments in the area of Medical Tourism.
The document discusses Thailand's position as a medical hub in Asia. It notes that Thailand offers state-of-the-art facilities, internationally certified medical services, excellent medical expertise, and high-standard hospitals. It also has a significant number of accredited medical facilities. The government is working to develop Thailand into an "International Health Center for Excellence" through various initiatives. Thailand has become a leading medical tourism destination, welcoming over 2.5 million international patients in 2012. It also attracts patients with traditional and alternative medicines.
Center For Medical Tourism Research Latin America MtaDavid Vequist
The Center for Medical Tourism Research was founded to study trends in medical tourism and its economic, social, and societal impacts. The Center aims to serve as the premier research center for medical tourism worldwide. Its mission is to conduct influential, ethical research on medical tourism to examine perspectives from various fields and stakeholders. The Center's research agenda includes studies on the drivers of medical tourism, its marketing, quality of care, economic impacts, and legal issues. Current activities include research partnerships, conferences, and publications to further understanding of the industry.
This document discusses the rise of medical tourism in India. It provides the following key points:
1. Medical tourism is growing globally as a way for people to access affordable, high-quality healthcare abroad. India has emerged as a major destination due to its world-class facilities and staff at a fraction of costs in other countries.
2. Procedures like heart surgery, knee replacements, and cosmetic surgeries are some of the most common treatments sought by international patients in India. Costs for these can be one-tenth of prices in the US or Western Europe.
3. India has experienced rapid growth in medical tourists, increasing from around 150,000 in 2002 to an estimated 500,
This paper articulates the function of Malaysia Healthcare Travel Council (MHTC) in developing the Health
Tourism Industry. Focus was given in identifying the challenges faced by MHTC, understanding the
competitiveness of the industry and proposing a suitable value chain framework for the industry. Total of 12
organizations have been identified, which were including private and public organizations. Conclusions of
findings have been derived and few recommendations made at the end of this article.
Keywords: Health tourism, medical tourism, competitive, leisure services and value chain
The subject of this research is the knowledge of the properties of medicinal herbs and their use by tourists from Vrnjacka Banja. The aim of the research is to examine the connection between knowledge of spa tourists about medicinal herbs and the possibility of their usage in everyday life.A prospective study is done using a survey questionnaire, that contains three groups of variables: demographic data, knowledge of the properties and use of medicinal herbs.The research has shown that the respondents are best acquainted with the healing properties of fruits and vegetables.As for the use of medicinal herbs (such as tea or fruits), most of the respondents use them periodically, while being healthy.After they get sick, the respondents under 50 years of age, start their treatment by combining medicinal herbs with the medicines from pharmacy, whereas the elder ones above 50 years of age, address the problem by going to their chosen doctor.
This document discusses medical tourism, which involves traveling abroad for medical treatment. It provides an overview of the scope and components of medical tourism, including treatment types, wellness, and reproduction services. India is highlighted as a major destination for medical tourism due to its high-quality care at low costs compared to other countries. Challenges and opportunities for India's medical tourism industry are examined through a SWOT analysis. The roles of the Indian government and private sector in promoting medical tourism are also outlined.
This document discusses health tourism, including its origins thousands of years ago when people traveled to sites like Epidaurus and Bath for healing. It notes that in the 21st century, low-cost air travel has expanded health tourism globally. India has become a major destination for health tourism due to its high-quality yet affordable medical care and treatments that are often one-tenth the cost of Western countries. The document outlines India's advantages in health tourism and identifies challenges that still need to be addressed to further develop the industry.
The document discusses the growing demand for medical tourism among Ethiopians as local healthcare is limited, with many traveling to countries like India, Thailand, and Dubai for treatments. It then provides information on Sri Lanka as an alternative destination, highlighting the quality and accreditation of its hospitals, lower costs compared to places like the US, and ease of travel. Contact information is also included for the Sri Lankan consulate in Ethiopia to facilitate medical tourism to Sri Lanka.
The document discusses wellness tourism in Korea. It begins by providing an overview of the global wellness tourism market, which is valued at $439 billion and includes health, medical, and wellness tourism. It then outlines some of Korea's key wellness tourism resources, such as oriental medicine, temple stays, forests, and skin care. Finally, it proposes a strategy for boosting health tourism in Korea, which includes developing regional hubs for medical and wellness tourism, improving human resources and identifying natural and artificial attractions, setting industry standards, marketing to countries like China and Japan, and positioning Seoul as a center of medical excellence and Jeju as a place of purity and relaxation.
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Thailand and South Korea on Medical Tourism as a Niche Market Segment: Comparisons Between Pioneering and Emerging Medical Tourism Destinations
1. Running Head: THAILAND AND SOUTH KOREA ON MEDICAL TOURISM AS A
NICHE MARKET SEGMENT
Thailand and South Korea on Medical Tourism as a Niche Market Segment:
Comparisons Between Pioneering and Emerging Medical Tourism Destinations
Rodelio Concepcion
California State University Fullerton
2. THAILAND AND SOUTH KOREA ON MEDICAL TOURISM AS A NICHE
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I. Introduction: Medical Tourism As a Niche Market Defined
Medical tourism has been one of the emerging niches of tourism that is gaining
popularity in a number of countries. While this term has just been coined recently, this
phenomenon is not entirely new. According to Munro (2012), medical tourism “describes
the act of people making health choices and accessing health treatments across borders.
Depending on who is asking the question, it can be trade in goods and services, a health
choice, or a health service”. In terms of countries’ economic development, Horowitz,
Rosensweig and Jones (2007) defined medical tourism as “the patient movement from
highly developed nations to other areas of the world for medical care, usually to find
treatment at a lower cost”. They furthered added that medical tourism is different from
the traditional model of international medical travel where patients in general travel from
less developed countries to major medical centers and countries in highly developed
countries for medical treatment that is unavailable in their own communities. Strictly
speaking, according to Cohen (2008), the term “medical tourism” applies to “people who
travel to another country for medical treatment, which they will often combine with a
vacation, or to people who take the opportunity to receive such treatment in the course of
a vacation” (p. 25). Cohen (2008) further added that the term is “often indiscriminately
used in statistical reports to include all foreigners having received medical treatment in
the host country. As a result, because of this practice, the alleged scope of medical
tourism tends to be considerably exaggerated” (p. 25).
II. Countries with Medical Tourism as a National Industry
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There are around fifty countries that have identified medical tourism as a form of
national industry (Galinger, 2008). Southeast and East Asia have taken the lead in the
area of medical tourism (ESCAP, 2009). India, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand are
recognized as Asian medical tourism destinations (Connell, 2006; Henderson, 2009;
ESCAP, 2009). Furthermore, according to RNCOS (2008), Thailand, Singapore, India,
Malaysia and the Philippines are considered the frontrunners of medical tourism,
considered as major medical tourism destinations; however, other Asian nations, such as
South Korea, Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, and Israel, are considered as emerging
and newly preferred destinations. In Asia, Thailand and South Korea have been
emerging as prime destinations for medical tourism. These two countries have seen how
medical tourism can help in promoting themselves as premiere destinations for tourists
who seek quality and competitive medical attention and care at affordable costs
III. Thailand and Its Promotion of Medical Tourism
Thailand has exemplified the full potential of medical tourism as an industry and
has been successful in promoting this niche market. Heung, Kucukusta and Song (2011)
noted that medical tourism in Thailand successfully combines the tourism and healthcare
industries with major competitive advantages including affordability, price, reputation,
and strong tourism attributes such as Thai’s famed hospitality and friendliness. Thailand
was able to develop it medical tourism by taking advantage of some turning points in
history that would facilitate the development of its medical infrastructure, while coming
up with positive government policies that would encourage the industry’s growth, and
tactical promotions by the Tourism Authority. With Thailand’s success in transforming
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itself as a medical tourism hub, a lot of researches, studies and articles tackled it as a
subject.
According to Cohen (2008), Thailand’s healthcare and medical facilities and
industry did not develop until around late 1980’s to early 1990’s when a few private
institutions pioneered and introduced technologies and advancements in medicine, and
employing highly competent medical staff trained in Western countries. These
institutions initially catered to the medical needs of the elite and the expatriate
community in Thailand (Cohen, 2008).
Connell mentioned that a lot of private hospitals saw the need to look for other
revenue sources following the decline of local patients as brought by the 1997 Asian
Financial Crisis, and this saw the start of the development of medical tourism in Thailand
(as cited in Cohen, 2008). According to an online article from DPA (2013), “Bumrungrad
Hospital started promoting itself as a medical tourism destination in the wake of the 1997
Asian financial crisis, when many wealthy Thais lost their fortunes and could no longer
afford the American-run establishment’s costly services”. Bumrungrad Hospital in
Bangkok brought in a new management team from outside the country to manage its
program for international patients and to lead the hospital out of its financial difficulties.
Under this new management, Harryono, Huang, Miyazawa and Sethaput (2006) cited that
“Bumrungrad became the first internationally accredited hospital in Southeast Asia in
2002 and pioneered the medical tourism business” (p. 14). Since then, there are more
than thirty Thai hospitals with accreditation as of April 2013 (DPA, 2013). Moreover, a
lot of public and private medical hospitals and facilities in Bangkok, Pattaya, Phuket,
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Chiang Mai and other tourism places have since developed their own individual offerings
to cater and attract foreign visitors who are seeking medical attention, and would
sometimes tie it up with other tourism offerings. Cohen (2008) mentioned that Thai
hospitals use traditional media such as television, newspapers and travel magazines to
promote its services, as well as use alternative ways of promotion, such as tie ups with
major airlines, combining medical check-ups with vacation packages, working with
tourist agencies, and establishing direct linkage with targeted countries - even opening
offices there, or partnering with medical establishments in those countries.
The medical tourism development in Thailand was further facilitated by two
catastrophic events that hit the globe: the September 11 terrorist attack in the United
States, which drove people from the Middle East to seek medical treatments to alternative
locations such as Thailand, and the tsunami catastrophe that hit the southern part of
Thailand in 2004 where hospitals in that particular area of Thailand tried to accommodate
what Cohen called the high number of casualties (as cited in Cohen, 2008) that prompted
world-wide exposure and solid reputation overseas, and enticing foreigners to consider
Thailand as a destination for medical treatments, according to Limsamarnphun (as cited
in Cohen, 2008).
According to ESCAP (2009), Thailand government started the promotion of the
country as a medical tourism destination to other countries in 2004. These included
revisions of policies that would promote Thailand as a medical tourism destination.
Former Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva highlighted the importance of medical tourism
to revive Thailand’s tourism industry during his personal visits and roadshows at various
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countries around the world. He underscored the measures taken by his government such
as waiving visa fees, reducing aircraft take-off and landing charges, lowering entrance
fees to national parks and providing travel insurance for foreign visitors (Niramitvijit,
2010). The same article of Niramitvijit (2010) also quoted Vejjajeva in a June 2009
speech in Beijing saying, “The government is also working on diversifying our tourism
industry so that tourists can enjoy cultural excursions while, at the same time, being able
to pursue other activities like spas, sports, medical check-ups and eco-tourism”.
The Tourism Authority of Thailand has been in the forefront in promoting the
country as a medical tourism hub, with its promotional events and activities abroad. It has
also set-up a website, http://www.thailandmedtourism.com, solely dedicated to medical
tourism, providing pertinent information such as the types of medical treatments
available, the locations of hospitals/clinics, destination guides, and packages and
promotions from both medical service providers and travel agents (as cited in Cohen,
2008).
The reputation of medical tourism services in Thailand has also been reinforced
by various government-sponsored promotional campaigns, notably by The Tourism
Authority of Thailand. In its “Amazing Thailand” campaign, an emphasis on Thailand
being the land of spas, hospitals and herbal products were highlighted (Russell, 2006).
This highlight in the tourism campaign efforts aimed at turning the country into a
regional medical hub in Asia (Arokhaya, 2005).
In an article by The Board of Investment (2012), the Thailand Medical Hub
Export 2012 reflected how the country has developed an outstanding fundamental
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structure in the medical field, as well as competent human resources are recognized to be
of international standard. The event depicted the reaffirmation of Thailand and The
Ministry of Public Health to show readiness and potential of the country to becoming an
international medical hub that is also affordable to both Thais and foreigners. The Board
of Investment article also mentioned that according to Prime Minister Yingluck
Shinawatra, “the Government has clearly set a policy, in which will to be implemented
from 2012 to 2016, to turn Thailand into a medical hub in four major areas: medical
treatment, health promotion, traditional Thai medicine and alternative medicine, and
health products, especially Thai herbs”. The policy is expected to bring in 800 billion
Baht in earnings in the next five years, according to Public Health Minister Wittaya
Buranasiri, as mentioned by The Board of Investment (2012) article.
Taking advantage of crises and catastrophic events in the past, the government’s
efforts and full support to the niche market, continued commitment of public and private
sectors in developing medical facilities and human resource expertise, and the heavy
promotion on the Thailand Tourism Authority of medical tourism in other countries have
helped in effectively marketing Thailand as a premiere medical tourism hub.
Furthermore, according to DPA (2013), good service, cheap prices and up-to-date
facilities made Thailand successful in medical tourism in the same reason as how it
became successful in mass tourism. Since the beginning of 2012, foreign tourists visiting
Thailand for medical services reached around 2.5 million, resulting to about 121.6 billion
Baht in revenue (The Board of Investment, 2012).
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Despite Thailand government’s full support on medical tourism, as well as the
heavy promotion of the country’s tourism authority, there are still some challenges and
consequences with the promotion of medical tourism. One of this is the alienation of
lower and middle-class Thai citizens who find the costs to be expensive relative to their
purchasing power, as Thai medical services offerings tend to increase in cost with the
development in infrastructure, facilities, technology and human resource expertise.
Medical tourism in Thailand attracts foreign audiences, but tend to alienate domestic
medical tourism.
Another challenge that might hamper the tremendous growth of this particular
niche market is the lack of the government’s strong legislation in some areas affecting
medical malpractice. The Thai legal system has weak enforcement that makes any
medical malpractice difficult to be tried, with those who commit the malpractice usually
prevailing in cases. Cloeman (2012) cited that,
“Once a patient decides to file a medical malpractice claim they will be faced with
a myriad of obstacles. The first obstacle is obtaining the patients on medical
records. In Thailand patients are not allowed to access their own medical records
to file a medical malpractice suit. This makes it extremely difficult for any patient
to prove their case. Because of the lack of medical malpractice jurisprudence in
Thai courts, cases typically settle due to being caught up in court procedure”.
IV. South Korea and its promotion of medical tourism
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South Korea is emerging as a new medical-tourist destination. It is rapidly
expanding its medical tourism offerings to capitalize on its potential offerings. It lags a
little bit behind the medical tourism powerhouses in the Asian region, despite South
Korea’s global medical standards and the high technical proficiency of Korean doctors in
medical services. South Korea needs to fulfill and develop this potential to become a
major player in the medical-tourism industry (Ji & Tae, 2012). However, South Korea
prides in its technological advancement in medical services, highly accomplished medical
practitioners and doctors, surprisingly low cost (compared to Japan and the United
States), and its weather and climate as its edge among competition (Korea Tourism
Organization, 2013). Additionally, CNNGo (2011) included fast scheduling that lures
foreign visitors to consider South Korea for medical procedures, specifically cosmetic
surgery and infertility treatments.
Gan and Song (2012) pointed the following as factors that help the growth of
medical tourism in South Korea: strong government support with many initiatives to
promote medical tourism; legal amendments and changes to resolve problems affecting
medical tourism promotion, established trade links with Japan and China, and promotion
of Jeju Island as a premiere medical tourism destination.
South Korean government has just recently acknowledged medical tourism
potential in the country. Before launching its medical tourism efforts and activities, the
government led an investigation called Biotech 2000 wherein it found out that investing
on the biotechnology industry would contribute to South Korea’s economic prosperity.
This study hoped to make South Korea as one of one of the world’s top seven
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biotechnology producing countries by 2010 (Wong, Uyen Quach,Thorsteinsdóttir, Singer
& Daar, 2004).
According to US-Korea Institute of The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced
International Studies, Johns Hopkins University (2011), South Korea is developing its
medical tourism industry by copying the initiatives done by other Asian countries, and
expanding upon the concepts learned from these Asian neighbors. One of the first
initiatives was the government’s amendment of its legislation. To date, the US-Korea
Institute (2011), identified the following legislations amended to support medical
tourism:
1. Amendment to the Medical Services Act (passed January 8, 2009) that used to
prohibit hospitals from actively recruiting domestic and foreign patients. The
amended law now allows hospitals and medical institutions to actively look for
and promote services to foreign patients living overseas to receive medical care in
Korea.
2. Amendment to the Tourism Promotion Act (passed March 2, 2009) which is
designed to create legal grounds designed specifically to support a burgeoning
medical tourism industry; establish first-rate accommodation facilities; institute a
system to enforce travel contracts and ensure patient/tourist safety; and promote
travel agents’ hire of licensed tour interpreters.
3. Amendment to the Special Act on the Establishment of Jeju Special SelfGoverning Province and the Development of Free International Cities (passed
March 3, 2009) that aims to: establish a support system to cultivate the medical,
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tourism, and education industries of the Jeju self-governing province (most of the
authority of the culture, sports, tourism, broadcasting, and communications
minister allocated in the Tourism Promotion Act will be transferred to the
provincial governor); form a unique tourism promotion fund for Jeju; and permit
the government of Jeju to install an area within its administration as an English
education city, including the organization of international elementary, middle, and
high schools.
4. Revision of immigration laws to provide visa waivers to some countries or
relaxed requirements to facilitate travel for patients and their families. In Jeju for
example, the immigration law was revised to allow medical tourists and their
families may stay up to four years to receive medical treatment.
5. Laws have also been amended to allow local hospitals to form joint ventures with
foreign hospitals and clinics. Partnerships maintained by Korean healthcare
providers in the United States include the Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center
(located in California), the Jaseng Center for Alternative Medicine (which has
facilities in California, New York, New Jersey, and Illinois), and the G Laser and
Aesthetic Institution (located in California). Korean hospitals also cultivate
relationships with health care providers beyond the United States. Konkuk
University Hospital, for example, maintains a partnership with Jiangsu Province
People’s Hospital and Tianjin First Hospital in China. (pp. 130 – 132)
The US-Korea Institute (2011) also cited that establishments of health related
bodies and institutes provided additional measures by the Korean government to promote
the medical tourism industry. The Korea International Medical Association (KIMA) was
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established in 2007 to promote Korean health care through advertising and publications,
as well as hosting and participating in international health conferences. KIMA works to
minimize malpractice lawsuits and works toward ensuring facilities and human resources
meet international standards. The KIMA website itself is specifically designed for
prospective medical tourists seeking treatment and holiday in Korea. In addition, the
Korean Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI) was established in 1999 to guide
health care policy, steer health care research and development, enhance the management
and technology of hospitals, and support the competitiveness of the health industry. This
act authorizes KHIDI to spearhead support programs intended to improve the delivery of
the national health services and expand the global competitiveness of Korea’s national
health industry.
In 2009, the amendment of the Medical Service Act in 2009 aimed to position
South Korea as a Global Healthcare hub, with the launch of a nation-branding project
called “Medical Korea” (Medical Korea, 2013). According to The US-Korea Institute
(2011, p. 133),
“This campaign actively publicizes the Korean medical tourism industry at global
medical conferences as well as through international television, radio, and
newspapers. The Medical Korea campaign disseminates information about
Korea’s medical services, special treatments, hospitals, and foreign-language
communication services (targeting English-, Chinese-, Russian-, Japanese-, and
Arabic-speaking patients). The Korean Wave coincides with the government
nation-branding campaign. This explosion of Korean pop culture, including
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television dramas performed by flawlessly fashioned actors and actresses, also
collaterally contributes to the promotion of the plastic surgery component of
Korea’s medical tourism industry.“
Because of the Korean Wave, Medical Korea has since then appointed Korean
actors, singers and celebrities to be ambassadors of Korean medical tourism going the
rounds of different countries to talk about South Korea as a premiere medical tourism
destination.
Kim, Lee and Jung (2012) mentioned that in June 2011, the Korean Ministry of
Culture, Sports and Tourism and the Ministry of Health and Welfare announced a variety
of measures to motivate and stimulate the Korean medical industry. These measures,
according to Kim, Lee and Jung (2012) included “insurance compensation for wrongful
surgery or side effects following surgery, the integration of related laws, cooperation
between related public agencies, the establishment of Korean medical schools,
improvements in the visa system, regular evaluations of hospitals, quality assurance
systems, education of professionals in medical tourism, and the establishment of a
cooperative medical tourism website” (p. 426).
Regional governments as small as districts like Busan, Daegu, Jeju, Daejeon and
Gangnam District in Seoul are making an all-out effort to promote medical services in
Korea in different parts of the globe (Jae-un, 2013). Invitations to foreign tourists, tour
operators and journalists are extended by regional government agencies for site and
facility visits and medical expositions. These regions also set-up committees aimed at
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improving medical training and facilities at the local level. One example of tourism
promotion at regional level was cited by Ji and Tae (2012, p. 81) saying that,
“In recent years, the state government of Jeju has designated the island as a
special district for the medical-tourism industry in order to attract overseas
medical tourists especially from China and Japan, which are an hour’s flight
away. The government has determined to provide various investment incentives
for hospitals and relative businesses, such as medical travel agencies, including
financial and human resource assistance, and tax benefits”.
South Korea has since then developed its advanced technological medical
facilities and training and has been capitalizing on it as its differentiation in competing
with Asian medical tourism powerhouses like Thailand. It continues to promote and
invest, not just to attract the West but also medical tourists in nearby Asian countries and
the Middle East. This has seen an increase in the number of medical tourists arriving at
South Korea over the years. The amendments in legislations, the constant and consistent
promotion of different government bodies – whether of national or regional levels, and
the taking advantage of Korean pop culture has been proven effective in putting South
Korea in the map of emerging medical tourism destinations. According to data by Korea
Tourism Organization (KNTO), the number of foreign health tourists to South Korea is
estimated at 150,000 in 2012, up 25 percent compared to 122,297 in 2011 (International
Medical Travel Journal, 2013). However, IMTJ (2013) added out that the 2012 figures
are estimates rather than national figures and are actually of international patients rather
than just medical tourists.
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There are still some factors that hamper the tremendous growth on the medical
tourism sector in South Korea. There are still legislations that prevent its growth.
According to the Hyundai Research Institute, the weak performance of the medical
tourism sector in South Korea is mainly attributable to excessive regulations on local
hospitals wherein they are not allowed to have foreign patients exceeding 5% of their
capacity, and medical specialists with foreign licenses have limited leeway in working for
local institutions (International Medical Travel Journal, 2013).
According to Lee (2010a), medical laws in South Korea still do not address the
protection of foreign medical tourists from discriminatory pricing, medical malpractices,
privacy rights, and other growing concerns. Furthermore, there have been reports of
discriminatory pricing against foreign patients that ranged from twice to ten times in
price paid by local residents (Lee, 2010b; Lee, 2010c). Kim, Lee and Jung (2012) further
added that there is a lack of supporting legal systems for the issuance of medical visa,
medical claims and disputes, insurance, or indemnification.
Lastly, while South Korean facilities are known for its advancement, it lacks
promotion of scientific proof or standardized certification of such. According to Kim, Lee
and Jung (2012),
“it is important to publicize scientific evidence describing the outcomes of
empirical medical research…Poor promotion of Korean medical institutions leads
to a poor evaluation of their quality. For example, the international hospitals in
Thailand are rated A+ by international insurance companies, whereas Korean
hospitals are rated C+. “
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V. Conclusion
By looking at the medical tourism industries of a pioneering destination
(Thailand) and an emerging destination (South Korea), some similar patterns can be
drawn that would attribute to a successful promotion of medical tourism as a viable
tourism niche market. One of this is by starting to look at legislations and policies,
formulating ones that will support the flourishing of the industry, and amending the ones
that would hamper its growth. The second is by looking at unique and identifying
attributes that would make the destination standout among its competition. Thailand
offers the dual benefits of medical treatment and recuperation in beaches and resorts at a
cheaper cost. As for South Korea, it capitalizes on state-of-the-art facilities, expertise,
talent and knowledge of its specialists at an affordable cost, something that an
industrialized country can offer. Lastly, there are historical points that both destinations
took advantage of in order to further promote its medical tourism offerings. Thailand
made opportunities with global crises and catastrophes in order to highlight its
capabilities. South Korea took advantage of the Korean Wave in order to promote its
advancement in this field. However, these efforts will constantly be challenged because
of fierce competition in the promotion of medical tourism of other established and
emerging medical tourism hubs, growing demand for up and coming technologies (for
example, stem cell therapy) and the need to look at other policies and legislations on
continuing concerns of safety, pricing discrepancy and ethical issues. Continuous
development of the sector should be properly managed as the international medical
tourism market is continuously growing. Once the market becomes saturated by other
medical tourism destination promotions, it will be beneficial for Thailand and South
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Korea to do promotions based on its strong medical specializations such as internal
medicine, cosmetic surgery, as well as promote traditional medicine and therapy such as
oriental medicine and herbal medicine.
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