What actually is a fresh Concrete? It is a phase of concrete from mixing to curing- Mixing Transporting Placing Compacting Layering(Finishing) Curing Also referred as- Green concrete, Workable concrete, Plastic concrete.

1. Amiral PKG-1, Mixed Feed Cracker & Refinery Off
Gases Project
Test on Fresh & Hardened Concrete
BY
Mudasir Beigh

2. REFERENCES
ACI 305R-20 Guide to Hot Weather Concreting
ACI 207.4R-05 Cooling and Insulating Systems for Mass Concrete
ACI 207.2R-07 Report on Thermal and Volume Change Effects on Cracking of Mass
Concrete
ACI 116R Cement and Concrete Terminology
ACI 201.2R Guide to Durable Concrete
ACI 207.1R Mass Concrete
ACI 207.2R Effect of Restraint, Volume Change, and Reinforcement on
Cracking of Massive Concrete
ACI 308 Standard Practice for Curing Concrete
ACI 234R Guide for Use of Silica Fume in Concrete
ACI 301 Standard Specification for Structural Concrete
ACI 302.1R Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction
ASTM C1064 Test Method for Temperature of Freshly Mixed Portland-Cement
Concrete
ASTM C172/C172M Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete
ACI 308R-16 Guide to Curing Concrete
ASTM C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic cement Concrete
AMIES-Q-001 Criteria for Design and Construction of Concrete Structures
ASTM C31/ C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the field
ASTM C39/ C39M Test method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete
Specimen

3. TEST ON FRESH CONCRETE
• What actually is a fresh Concrete?
• It is a phase of concrete from mixing to curing-
• Mixing
• Transporting
• Placing
• Compacting
• Layering(Finishing)
• Curing
• Also referred as- Green concrete, Workable concrete, Plastic
concrete.

4. Images of Fresh Concrete

5. PROPERTIES
• Properties of Fresh Concrete includes-
• Workability
• w/c ratio
• Bleeding
• Segregation
• Shrinkage due to temperature

6. COMPACTION FACTOR TEST
-MERGED FRESH CONCRETE TESTS
 Apparatus- Compactometer
• Gives the idea regarding workability and compactibility
• Image-

7. COMPACTION FACTOR TEST
Observation
• Mixed proportion-1:2:3
• Weight of cement-2.68kg
• Weight of coarse aggregate-8.34kg
• Weight of fine aggregate-5.33kg
Procedure
• Preparation of concrete--pouring it into the compactometer
apparatus—opening couple of lids guiding the concrete to
cylinder—take that weight of uncompacted concrete cylinder
weight—take weight of compacted concrete cylinder weight—
take the ratio—analyze the results.

8. The test which we performed

9. Weight of empty
cylinder
Wt. of uncompacted
concrete cylinder
Wt of fully compacted
concrete cylinder

10. 0.44 0.46 0.48 0.5 0.52 0.54 0.56
0.88
0.89
0.9
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.96
compaction factor
The workability is directly proportional to the w/c cement ratio.
OUTCOME

11. SLUMP TEST
• ASTM C172- Sampling
• ASTM C143- Specification of slump apparatus
• Slump test gives the idea regarding workability
of concrete.

12. PROCEDURE
EQUIPMENTS USED
• SLUMP CONE
• TAMPING ROD
• WEIGHING MACHINE
• ROLLER SCALE
• PLATE
PROPORTIANATE MIX
• CEMENT-2.68KG
• WATER-1.4L
• FINE AGGREGATES-5.33KG
• COARSE AGGREGATES-8.34KG
• W/C RATIO-0.55
• PROPORTION RATIO-1:2:3

14. • Slump deforms in three possibilities(on the basis of height
from apex and shape)
o True slump- 0 to 175 mm from top
o Shear slump
o Collapsible slump

15. Other tests done on Fresh Concrete
Vee-Bee test
ASTM C1170
• It is based on the
measurement of the time to
transfer the concrete mix
from a frustum of the cone to
the cylinder .
• More the VE-BE time , less
the workability of the mix . It
is very useful method for the
stiff mixes

16. Flow table test
• For determination of consistency
of concrete where the nominal
maximum size of aggregate does
not exceed 38 mm using flow
table apparatus.

17. AIR CONTENT TEST
An air content test on fresh concrete is performed to measure the volume of air
(in percentage) that is trapped or entrained within a freshly mixed concrete
sample. This is important because air content directly affects workability,
durability, and strength of concrete — especially in freeze-thaw environments.
Purpose of the Air Content Test:
• Ensure proper air entrainment for freeze-thaw resistance.
• Verify that air content meets specifications (typically 4–8% for air-entrained
concrete).
• Identify problems in mixing, batching, or admixture performance.
Common Test Methods (ASTM Standards):
There are three main methods used depending on the type of aggregate and accuracy
needed:
• Pressure Method (ASTM C231).
• Volumetric Method (ASTM C173).
• Gravimetric Method (ASTM C138).

19. TEST ON HARDENED CONCRETE

20. TYPES OF TESTS ON HARDENED
CONCRETE
1. DESTRUCTIVE TESTS
2. Compressive strength test
3. Split-tension test
4. Flexural strength test

21. TYPES OF TESTS ON HARDENED CONCRETE
1.NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTS
2. Modulus of Elasticity
3. Rebound hammer test
4. Penetration resistance test
5. Ultrasonic pulse velocity test

22. ULTRASONIC PULSE VELOCITY TEST
• An ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test is an in-situ, nondestructive test to
check the quality of concrete and natural rocks. In this test, the strength
and quality of concrete or rock is assessed by measuring the velocity of an
ultrasonic pulse passing through a concrete structure or natural rock
formation.

25. Method of calculation of pulse velocity :
Velocity = (Distance travelled / Path length)
Time taken
Pulse Velocity in concrete will be
in Km/sec.
represented

29. REBOUND HAMMER TEST
•ASTM C805
•It is a quick method for assessing the quality of
concrete based on surface hardness indicated the by
Rebound number.
•An higher rebound values indicate higher hardness
of the concrete .

30. •Weight < 2Kg
•Impact Energy = 2.2Nm
•Suitability 20 – 60 MPa

32. COMPRESSION TEST
 Apparatus- Compression machine(UTM)
• We can get the idea about compressive
strength of the concrete block
Standard Dimension of Cylinder mould-
300mm Height X 150mm Dia.
 Procedure
• Casting the blocks—Unmoulding—curing--
placing in compression machine—Take the
load reading—analyze the results.

34. OUTCOME
• For any sample of concrete whose compressive strength is to be tested, 3
or more cylinders are casted and the values are analyzed.
• Stress=failure load/Cross sectional area
• here, the load at failure turns out to be 1140.63kN corresponding to the
cross sectional area of 1767.145cm2.
• The MPa value of this block as per the experiment is 64.54MPa which is
less than the desired value.

35. NDT1_Smart sensors
• In this testing process, the sensor
chips are used to manipulate the
properties of the hardened
concrete.
• Properties mentioned below can
be analyzed and displayed in
tabular or graphical manner.
» Compressive strength and its graph
with time
» Brittleness
» Interior temperature
» Internal cracks
» Void content
» Expansion and contraction of
specimen with time.

36. THANK YOU