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Forces de Van der Waals. Dipols induïts
Per què els punts de fusió i ebullició dels halògens s'incrementa segons
l'ordre F2<Cl2<Br2<I2 ?
Forces intermoleculars
I2: sòlid que sublima fàcilment
Br2: líquid de punt d’ebullició
baix
Cl2: gas liquable
F2: gas
Forces de Van der Waals. Dipols induïts
Perquè el 2,2-dimetilpentà té un punt d’ebullició molt menor que el pentà tot
i que ambdós compostos tenen la mateixa fórmula molecular?
Forces intermoleculars
Les forces de Van der Waals entre dipols induïts depenen de :
- Polaritzabilitat: augmenta amb el tamany atòmic
- Pes molecular: la superfície en la que poden operar les forces augmenta
- Forma molecular: l’àrea superficial depèn de la forma de la molècula
Forces intermoleculars i estats d’agregació
Forces intermoleculars i estats d’agregació
Pont
d’hidrogen
Pont
d’hidrogen
Enllaç iònic
Forces de
London
Enllaç per pont d’hidrogen
Forces intermoleculars
Enllaç per pont d’hidrogen
Forces intermoleculars
Enllaç per pont d’hidrogen
Forces intermoleculars
Enllaç per pont d’hidrogen
Forces intermoleculars
La tensió superficial és una mesura quantitativa de les forces elàstiques a la superfície d’un
líquid. Depèn de les forces intermoleculars que estableixen les molècules al líquid.
Les molècules d’aigua formen ponts d’hidrogen que
les cohesionen i mantenen unides. Les molècules
d’aigua a la superfície no tenen altres molècules
d’aigua per sobre d’elles per atreure, per tant
l’atracció amb les molècules dels costats i de sota és
més forta. Aquesta major atracció explica la gran
tensió superficial de l’aigua que li permet resistir a
una força externa.
Forces de Van der Waals. Dipols induïts
Ordena en ordre creixent els punts d’ebullició de l’etilmetilèter
(CH3OCH2CH3), el 2-metilpropà (isobutane, (CH3)2CHCH3) i el propanol
(CH3CH2CH2OH).
Forces intermoleculars

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Tema4_Bloc3_ForcesInt_exercicis_solucionats.pptx

  • 1. Forces de Van der Waals. Dipols induïts Per què els punts de fusió i ebullició dels halògens s'incrementa segons l'ordre F2<Cl2<Br2<I2 ? Forces intermoleculars I2: sòlid que sublima fàcilment Br2: líquid de punt d’ebullició baix Cl2: gas liquable F2: gas
  • 2. Forces de Van der Waals. Dipols induïts Perquè el 2,2-dimetilpentà té un punt d’ebullició molt menor que el pentà tot i que ambdós compostos tenen la mateixa fórmula molecular? Forces intermoleculars Les forces de Van der Waals entre dipols induïts depenen de : - Polaritzabilitat: augmenta amb el tamany atòmic - Pes molecular: la superfície en la que poden operar les forces augmenta - Forma molecular: l’àrea superficial depèn de la forma de la molècula
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6. Forces intermoleculars i estats d’agregació
  • 7. Forces intermoleculars i estats d’agregació Pont d’hidrogen Pont d’hidrogen Enllaç iònic Forces de London
  • 8. Enllaç per pont d’hidrogen Forces intermoleculars
  • 9. Enllaç per pont d’hidrogen Forces intermoleculars
  • 10. Enllaç per pont d’hidrogen Forces intermoleculars
  • 11. Enllaç per pont d’hidrogen Forces intermoleculars La tensió superficial és una mesura quantitativa de les forces elàstiques a la superfície d’un líquid. Depèn de les forces intermoleculars que estableixen les molècules al líquid. Les molècules d’aigua formen ponts d’hidrogen que les cohesionen i mantenen unides. Les molècules d’aigua a la superfície no tenen altres molècules d’aigua per sobre d’elles per atreure, per tant l’atracció amb les molècules dels costats i de sota és més forta. Aquesta major atracció explica la gran tensió superficial de l’aigua que li permet resistir a una força externa.
  • 12. Forces de Van der Waals. Dipols induïts Ordena en ordre creixent els punts d’ebullició de l’etilmetilèter (CH3OCH2CH3), el 2-metilpropà (isobutane, (CH3)2CHCH3) i el propanol (CH3CH2CH2OH). Forces intermoleculars