Teknik b julai 2011

SECTION B
SCIENCE PROCESS SKILL (SPS)
SPS 2006 2007 200 200 201
8 9 0
INFERENCES 4 4 2 2 4
(3K)
VARIABLES (4K) 2 6 6 6 6
HYPOTHESIS 4 3 3 1 1
(2K)
PREDICTING 2 2 3 3 2
(2K)
INTERPRETING 8 5 6 8 7
DATA (4K)
TOTAL (15K) 20 20 20 20 20

TABURAN SOALAN BAHAGIAN B (8 JENIS)

YEAR Var Aim Rel Trend Conc Rel/H Rea ObsTS Pre

2008 6 2 0 2 1 3 2 1 3

2009 6 3 1 1 2 1 2 1 3

2010 6 2 2 1 2 1 4 1 2

BAHAGIAN B – SAINS
KEMAHIRAN PROSES SAINS
(KPS)
2006 2007 200 200 201
KPS 8 9 0
INFERENS(3K) 4 4 2 2 4
P. UBAH (4K) 2 6 6 6 6
HIPOTESIS (2K) 4 3 3 1 1
MERAMAL (2K) 2 2 3 3 2
MENTAFSIR 8 5 6 8 7
MAKLUMAT (4K)
JUMLAH (15K) 20 20 20 20 20

TABURAN SOALAN BAHAGIAN B (8 JENIS)

YEAR PU Tuju Hub Cor Kes Hub/H Seb Pemer Rama

2008 6 2 0 2 1 3 2 1 3

2009 6 3 1 1 2 1 2 1 3

2010 6 2 2 1 2 1 4 1 2

T SAMA

BERBEZA U PERNYATAAN P KEPUTUSAN

U
1
P

RAJAH BAHAGIAN 2 JADUAL
4 B

P U P
3

CARTA PALANG

P
U

U

Key Word How To Find The Answer

WTC What is changed? (different)

WTO The result of the experiment. The data
recorded or collected.
Observation / measurement
WTKS What remains the same / similar /
identical,

1. Baca sekali lalu keseluruhan soalan
(pantas).
2. Perhatikan dan fahami Rajah/ Jadual/
Carta palang / Lain-lain bentuk
ransangan.
3. Kaitkan dengan tajuk (Learning Area)
yang telah dipelajari.

B. PROSES STEM SOALAN

1. Baca dan fahami stem soalan
dengan teliti.
2. Kenal pasti pembolehubah
daripada stem soalan dengan
cara mengecam perkataan atau
ayat yang memberi petunjuk
kepada pembolehubah.

Contoh petunjuk:

i) different quantity of yeast
Apa yang diubah
kuantiti yis yang berbeza

ii) same volume of water
isipadu air yang sama Apa yang ditetapkan

iii) the time taken for the water to boil is
recorded
masa yang diambil untuk air mendidih
direkodkan
Apa yang diukur / perhati

Contoh petunjuk:

iv) similar boxes
kotak yang serupa

v) identical cups
cawan yang serupa

Contoh petunjuk:

vi) Each box has 8 holes
setiap kotak mempunyai 8 lubang

vii) cups of different sizes
cawan yang berlainan saiz

5. Gariskan perkataan petunjuk dan
tandakan dengan singkatan
pembolehubah yang diamalkan oleh
guru anda. [Contoh : WTC = What to
change (apa yang diubah /
pembolehubah dimanipulasi)]

6. Gariskan juga kata kunci lain yang
penting.

How to write a variable?

What is changed , observed and
kept the same must be written in
the proper way such as :-
[Parameter + object / substance]

Bagaimana menulis pembolehubah?

Apa yang diubah, diperhati/ ukur
dan ditetapkan mesti ditulis dengan
cara yang betul :-
[Parameter + objek / bahan]

PARAMETER OBJECTS
Size of sponge
Volume of water
Type of toy car
Number of marble
Time
Day
Week No parameter
Month
Year

Ball X Ball Y Ball Z

Parameter + Object

Size +
of ball

Bola X Bola Y Bola Z

Parameter + Objek

Saiz + bola

Examples of parameter :-
Weight Distance
Type Presence
Shape Ability
Height Time
Number Mass
Size Quantity
Temperature Amount
Volume Stability
Base area Length

Contoh-contoh parameter :-
Berat Jarak
Jisim Kehadiran
Bentuk Kebolehan
Ketinggian Masa
Jenis Bilangan
Saiz Kuantiti
Suhu Jumlah
Isipadu Kestabilan
Panjang
Luas tapak

Examples of object / substance :-
Toy car Battery
Bottle Water
Beaker
Food
Animal
Plant Aquarium
Ball Balloon
Bread Floor
Book Bulb
Container

Contoh objek / bahan :-
Kereta mainan Bateri
Botol Air
Bikar
Makanan
Haiwan
Tumbuhan Akuarium
Bola Belon
Roti Lantai
Buku Mentol
Bekas

More examples :-
Parameter Object / Substance

Shape of container
Volume of water
Type of beaker
Time taken for ice to melt

CONTOH
Parameter Objek / Peristiwa

Bentuk bekas
Isipadu air
Jenis bikar
Masa diambil untuk ais melebur

What are the suitable parameter for
container
Weight of
Type of
Shape of
Colour of Container
Number of
Size of
Temperature of
Volume of
Base area of

Apakah parameter yang sesuai
Berat
Jenis
Bentuk
Warna Bekas
Bilangan
Saiz
Suhu
Isipadu
Luas tapak

Walaubagaimanapun , ada
juga pembolehubah yang tidak
ada ukuran atau cirinya .
Contohnya yang berkaitan
tempoh atau masa seperti:-
Masa , Hari , Minggu , Bulan ,
Tahun .

Observation Variables

Plant X can produce Number // Amount //
more flowers than Quantity of flower
plant Y produced
Car P can travelled The distance
further than car Q travelled by the car
Balloon S is bigger The size of
than balloon T balloon
Animal X is heavier The weight of
than animal Y
animal

Pernyataan Pemboleh ubah
Pemerhatian
Tumbuhan X Bilangan/Jumlah/ Kuantiti
menghasilkan lebih bunga bunga dihasilkan
daripada tumbuhan Y.
Kereta P bergerak Jarak dilalui oleh
lebih jauh daripada kereta
kereta Q
Belon S lebih besar Saiz belon
daripada belon T

Haiwan X lebih Berat haiwan
berat daripada
haiwan Y

Pernyataan ayat Jawapan lengkap
pembolehubah
Makanan sama Kuantiti makanan
banyak
Cepat buah Masa buah
membesar membesar
Dekat guli Jarak guli bergolek
bergolek
Besar bola Saiz bola
Panas air Suhu air

Remember :- What is changed ,
measured or kept the same must be
written in the correct way :-

Parameter + Object /
substance

Type + shape
of

Ingat :- Apa yang diubah, diukur dan
ditetapkan mesti ditulis dengan betul :-

Parameter + Objek /
bahan

Jenis + bentuk

UPSR 2009 – NO. 1

Contoh 1 :

1 Yasmin carries out an investigation to see the
WTC

effect of yeast on dough. Different quantities
of yeast is mixed into four dough, Q, WTO/M
R, S
and T.
Diagram 1 shows the height of the dough
after 30 minutes.

UPSR 2009 – NO. 1

Contoh 1 :

1 Yasmin menjalankan satu penyiasatan untuk
mengkaji kesan yis ke atas adunan tepung.
WTC
Kuantiti yis yang berbeza dimasukkan ke
dalam empat adunan tepung Q, R, S dan T.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan ketinggian adunan
selepas 30 minit. WTO/M

2 Diagram 5 shows an investigation about the
time taken to plough paddy field using two
different methods.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan satu penyiasatan
tentang masa yang diambil untuk membajak
sawah padi menggunakan dua kaedah yang
berbeza.

3 Four similar pieces of wet
handkerchief, Q, R, S and T are
hung under fans of different speeds
respectively. Each handkerchief has
mass of 100 g. After one hour, the
mass of each handkerchief is
recorded as shown in Table 3.

3 Empat helai sapu tangan basah
yang serupa, Q, R, S dan T masing-
masing disidai di bawah kipas yang
berlainan kelajuan. Jisim setiap
sapu tangan itu ialah 100 g.
Selepas 1 jam, jisim setiap sapu
tangan itu direkodkan seperti
ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 3.

4. A pupil released toy car X down
an inclined ramp. This activity is repeated
with toy car Y. Distance travelled by both
cars is recorded.

Seorang murid telah melepaskan kereta
mainan X menuruni satu landasan condong.
Aktiviti ini diulangi dengan kereta mainan Y.
Jarak pergerakan kedua-dua kereta itu
direkodkan.

5 Fendi investigates the change of state of
liquid X. The result of this investigation is
shown in the flow chart below.
Fendi menyiasat tentang perubahan
keadaan cecair X.
Keputusan penyiasatan ini ditunjukkan
dalam carta alir di bawah.

UPSR 2009– NO. 2

6 A group of pupils uses different
objects to measure the length of a
desk. Table 2 shows the result of this
investigation.
Sekumpulan murid menggunakan
objek yang berbeza untuk mengukur
panjang sebuah meja. Jadual 2
menunjukkan keputusan penyiasatan.

UPSR 2009 – NO. 3

7 Diagram 3 shows an investigation about two
models made from different number of rolls WTC
of papers. The papers are the same type. WTKS

Both the models were blown using a fan with the
same speed. WTKS
Rajah 3 menunjukkan suatu penyiasatan
tentang dua model yang diperbuat daripada
WTC bilangan gulungan kertas yang berlainan. Kertas

WTKS itu adalah jenis yang sama. Kedua-dua model
itu ditiup menggunakan kipas dengan laju yang
sama. WTKS

C. PROSES RAJAH

7. Perhatikan rangsangan rajah yang
diberikan. Fahami maklumat yang
terdapat pada rajah.

8. Kenal pasti pembolehubah daripada
gambarajah.

Perbezaan yang dapat diperhati
(dibuat) adalah petunjuk kepada
“what to change” (WTC - apa yang
diubah /pembolehubah dimanipulasi).

Perubahan yang berlaku adalah “what
to observe/ measure” (WTO/M - apa
yang diperhati/ diukur)

Persamaan yang dapat diperhati
adalah petunjuk kepada “what is kept
the same”
(WTKS - apa yang ditetapkan /sama/
kekal/ pembolehubah yang
dimalarkan / constant variable)

9. Catatkan maklumat penting seperti
bilangan dll. atau maklumat dari stem
soalan.
10. Labelkan singkatan pembolehubah
(WTC/ WTO/WTM/ WTKS - Ikut
singkatan yang digunakan oleh guru
anda).
11. Catatkan singkatan pembolehubah
berkaitan pada rajah yang diberikan.

UPSR 2009 – NO. 1

1 Yasmin carries out an investigation to see
the
WTC
effect of yeast on dough. Different quantities
of yeast is mixed into four dough, Q, R, S
WTO/M
and T.
Diagram 1 shows the height of the dough
after 30 minutes.

UPSR 2009– NO. 1

HEIGHT OF DOUGH

WTO

WTC QUANTITY OF YEAST

UPSR 2009– NO. 1

Ketinggian doh

WTO

Kuantiti yis
WTC

UPSR 2008 – NO. 2

WTKS 2 2 2

1 1 WTKS 1

WTC 1
3 2

WTO/M

WTO/M = The brightness of bulbs /
Kecerahan mentol
TREND = INCREASES / BERTAMBAH

UPSR 2008 – NO. 2

Contoh Rajah 2:
WTC = Type of circuits /
Jenis litar
2 2 WTKS

Parallel circuit /
Series circuit Litar selari
Litar bersiri
WTKS 3
3

Kecerahan mentol

UPSR 2006 – NO. 5

5. Diagram 4 shows an investigation carried
out at a particular place in Penang.

West East West East

West East West East

WTKS = Type of liquid /
Jenis cecair
Liquid X

WTC = Temperature of liquid X /
Suhu cecair X
Temperature 100°C Temperature 0°C

Gas Solid

WTO/M = The state of liquid X /
Keadaan cecair X

WTKS = Type of liquid /
Jenis cecair
Cecair X

WTC = Temperature of liquid X /
Suhu cecair X
Suhu 100°C Suhu 0°C

Gas Pepejal

WTO/M = The state of liquid X /
Keadaan cecair X

WTO
Diagram 1 shows an investigation on the height of
shadow when the distance of an object from a screen is
changed. WTC

Rajah 1 menunjukkan penyiasatan tentang ketinggian WTO
bayang-bayang apabila jarak antara objek dari skrin WTC
diubah.

WTO
WTO

WTKS
WTC WTC

UPSR 2009 – NO. 3

models made from different number of rolls
of papers. The papers are the same type. Both
the models were blown using a fan with the
same speed.
bilangan gulungan kertas yang berlainan. Kertas
itu adalah jenis yang sama. Kedua-dua model
itu ditiup menggunakan kipas dengan laju yang
sama.

UPSR 2009– NO. 2

Topic : Stability WTO/M

WTKS

WTC

WTC = THE BASE AREA OF THE MODEL/
THE NUMBER OF ROLLS OF PAPER
WTKS = THE HEIGHT OF THE MODEL

UPSR 2009– NO. 2

Tajuk : Kestabilan WTO/M

WTKS

WTC

U = Luas tapak model / Bilangan gulungan kertas
T = Ketinggian model

WTKS
5. Diagram 5 shows two similar books, J and K. The
books are pushed briefly using the same amount of WTKS
force.
WTKS
Rajah 5 menunjukkan dua buah buku yang serupa, J
dan K. Kedua-dua buku itu ditolak dengan cepat
menggunakan daya yang sama. WTKS

WTKS

WTC

WTC = The method to push the book / Amount of friction
U = Kaedah menolak buku / Jumlah geseran

50 g
100g
150g

. What is changed The mass of the object

i What is observed The length of the spring
Type of spring
ii What is kept the same
Size of the spring

50 g
100g
150g

) Apa yang diubah : Jisim objek

i) Apa yang diperhati / diukur : Panjang spring
ii) Apa yang ditetapkan : Jenis spring
Saiz spring

UPSR 2007 – NO. 4

4. A group of pupils investigated an eclipse
of the Sun. The diagrams below show the
WTC time at different stages of the eclipse.
WTO/M

WTO/M

WTC

UPSR 2007 – NO. 4

Sekumpulan murid menjalankan penyiasatan
mengenai gerhana Matahari. Rajah di bawah
menunjukkan waktu bagi peringkat-peringkat WTO/M
WTC yang berlainan tentang gerhana itu.

WTO/M

WTC

D. PROSES JADUAL

12. Perhatikan dan fahami jadual yang
diberikan.

13. Labelkan singkatan pembolehubah
(WTC/ WTO/WTM/ WTKS) pada jadual.
Jadual ruang – WTC kiri, WTO kanan.
Jadual baris – WTC atas, WTO bawah.

14. Lengkapkan tajuk jadual WTC jika
tidak lengkap.
[Contoh tiada parameter :
“Animal”(haiwan) – Lengkapkan
kepada : “Size of animals” (saiz
haiwan)] (biasanya tajuk WTO/M
sudah lengkap)

15. Ubah tajuk WTC jika tidak sesuai /
tidak berkaitan dengan apa yang
disiasat (what is changed).

 Tidak
sesuai jika WTC tidak berkaitan
mengubah WTO/M

UPSR 2010 – NO. 1

WTC

Year
Tahun 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006

Average air pollution
index 32 76 100 130 200
Purata indeks
pencemaran udara

WTO / M

UPSR 2010– NO. 2

WTC WTO
Number of Volume of water in measuring
marbles cylinder (ml)
Bilangan guli Isipadu air dalam silinder
penyukat (ml)

10 20

15 30

25 50

UPSR 2010 – NO. 3

WTC

Number of
pumps 5 10 20
Bilangan
mengepam

Size of
balloon
Saiz belon
WTO

UPSR 2010 – NO. 4

WTC
Time
Masa 8.40 pm 9.30 pm 10.30 pm 11.30 pm 12.10 pm

Stages of
Eclipse of
the Moon
Peringkat
gerhana
Bulan

WTO

UPSR 2010 – NO. 5
WTC WTO/M
Method of ploughing Time taken
Kaedah membajak Masa yang diambil

One day
Satu hari

Two hours
Dua jam

UPSR 2009– NO. 2

Tajuk WTC tidak lengkap/ perlu dilengkapkan dengan
“ukuran/ parameter”

WTC WTO/ M
Object
The length of object Number of measurements taken
Objek
Panjang objek Bilangan ukuran yang diambil
18

8

5

UPSR 2009– NO. 3

Model
The base area of model X
Small Y
Big
WTC Luas Model
tapak model Kecil Besar

Stability Fall Still stand
WTO/ M Kestabilan Jatuh Masih
berdiri

5. Diagram 5 shows two similar books, J and K. The
books are pushed briefly using the same amount of
force.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan dua buah buku yang serupa, J
dan K. Kedua-dua buku itu ditolak dengan cepat
menggunakan daya yang sama.

UPSR 2009– NO. 5

WTC WTO/ M
Book
The method to push the Distance travelled / cm
Buku Jarak yang dilalui /cm
book
Kaedah menolak buku

J 10

K 30

DIAGRAM
UPSR 2004 – NO. 4

The figure shows an investigation carried out by a group of
students. Three identical pieces of paper were folded into
shapes X, Y and Z.
Rajah menunjukkan satu penyiasatan yang telah dijalankan
oleh sekumpulan pelajar.Tiga keping kertas yang serupa
masing-masing dilipat kepada bentuk X, Y dan Z.

Type of paper /book
Jenis kertas/ buku
Identical Size of paper / book
Saiz kertas/ buku
Serupa
Thickness of paper / book
Ketebalan buku

UPSR 2004 – NO. 4 Different number of folds /
Bilangan lipatan yang berbeza

Several book were placed on top of each of the paper. The result is
as follows:
Beberapa buah buku diletakkan di atas setiap kertas. Keputusan
adalah seperti berikut.
Shape X – Unable to support any book
Bentuk X – Tidak dapat menampung buku
Shape Y – Able to support one book
Bentuk Y – Dapat menampung satu buku
Shape Z – Able to support two books
Bentuk Z – Dapat menampung dua buku

UPSR 2004 – NO. 4

Self-made table/ Jadual yang dibina sendiri

Number of folds The number of books that
Bilangan lipatan can be supported
Bilangan buku yang dapat
ditampung
1 0
3 1
4 2

WTO
WTO

WTKS
WTC WTC

The distance between the object and the screen / cm
Jarak antara objek dengan skrin / cm 15 10
The height of the shadow / cm
Ketinggian bayang-bayang / cm 6 4

E. PROSES CARTA PALANG

16. Perhatikan dan fahami carta palang yang
diberikan.

17. Kenalpasti pembolehubah daripada tajuk
carta palang (paksi X dan Y). Jangan silap/
terbalik kedudukan. Mulakan dari tajuk di
bawah WTC dan kemudian tajuk di atas
WTO/M.

18. Labelkan singkatan pembolehubah (WTC/
WTO/WTM) pada carta palang.

19. Lengkapkan tajuk carta palang - WTC jika
tidak lengkap [Contoh tiada objek / perkara :
“Speed”(kelajuan) – Lengkapkan kepada
“Speed of toy car” (kelajuan kereta mainan)]

UPSR 2008– NO. 5

WTO/M

WTC

Time taken for eggs to spoil / month
Masa yang diambil untuk telur rosak / bulan

WTO

WTC
Mass of salt /g
Jisim garam / g

UPSR 2009– NO. 4

WTO/M

WTC
Number of days/ Bilangan hari

Contoh 3 : UPSR 2004 – NO. 1

WTO/M WTC

Number of
extinct 50
animal 45 s
species 40 ase
cre
35 in
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1800 1850 1900 1950 2000
increases Year
Tahun

Contoh 4: UPSR 2004 – NO. 2

Speed 70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2 4 6 8 10 12 Number of
batteries

Number of batteries
i) What is changed : ………………………………………………….

i) Speed of the toy car
What is observed: ………………………………………………….

Contoh 4: UPSR 2004 – NO. 2

Kelajuan 70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2 4 6 8 10 12 Bilangan bateri

Bilangan bateri
i) What is changed : ………………………………………………….

i) Kelajuan kereta mainan
What is observed: ………………………………………………….

1. VARIABLES (Pembolehubah)

(a) What to change? (WTC)
(diubah / dimanipulasi / manipulated )

Perkara / Faktor yang kita kawal
supaya berbeza untuk melihat
kesannya /sebab berlakunya perubahan
kepada WTO/M). Cari apa yang
diubah(berbeza).

(b) What to observe / measure?
(WTO/M)
(apa yang diperhati/ diukur/
pembolehubah bergerak
balas/ responding variable)

(Perubahan / pemerhatian diakhir
penyiasatan ,akibat / kesan
perubahan WTC)

(c) What is kept the same? (WTKS)
(apa yang ditetapkan/ sama/
kekal / dimalarkan/ constant
variable)
- (Perkara / bahan / faktor yang
dikekalkan sama / tidak berubah
supaya tidak mempengaruhi
hasil penyiasatan).
- Cari apa yang sama.

(d) Information / Maklumat ?
(i) What is changed (WTC ) @
(ii) What is observed/measured
(WTO/M) @
iii) What is kept the same (WTKS)

* Keutamaan WTO/M dan WTC.

MENGAPA PENTING KUASAI MENCARI
PEMBOLEHUBAH?

VARIABLES RELATIONSHIP PURPOSE / AIM
WTC WTO WTKS As the WTC TREND, To investigate the
the WTO TREND relationship between
WTC and WTO

PEMBOLEHUBAH?

INFORMATION CONCLUSION RELATIONSHIP
(Hypothesis)
WTC WTO WTKS As the WTC TREND, To investigate the
the WTO TREND relationship between
WTC and WTO

PEMBOLEHUBAH?

PEMBOLEHUBAH HUBUNGAN TUJUAN
U P T Semakin CORAK U Untuk menyiasat
(PM) (PB) (PML) (PM), semakin hubungan antara U
CORAK P (PB) (PM) dengan P (PB)

PEMBOLEHUBAH?

MAKLUMAT KESIMPULAN HUBUNGAN
(Hipotesis)
U P T Semakin CORAK U Untuk menyiasat
(PM) (PB) (PML) (PM), semakin hubungan antara U
CORAK P (PB) (PM) dengan P (PB)

2. AIM/ PURPOSE/ FIND OUT (Tujuan)

Ayat utama untuk menjawab :

• To investigate the relationship
between WTC and WTO/M.

• Untuk menyiasat hubungan antara
WTC dengan/dan WTO/M.

Kesilapan Aim/ Purpose (Tujuan)

1.Tidak dapat kenal pasti pemboleh ubah
(WTC & WTO/M) daripada stem soalan,
gambarajah, jadual, carta palang dll.

2.Tidak tahu menggunakan ayat “tujuan” yang
betul.

UPSR 2009– NO. 2

CONTOH :

WTC WTO/ M
Object
Objek
18

8

5

UPSR 2009

(a) What is the purpose (aim) of this investigation?
Apakah tujuan penyiasatan ini?

• To investigate the relationship between the
length of object and the number of
measurement taken.

• Untuk menyiasat hubungan di antara panjang
objek dengan bilangan ukuran.

3. TREND / PATTERN / CHANGES
(Corak/ Pola)
Increases / Menaik/ bertambah
Decreases / Menurun/ Berkurang
Constant (Does not change) / Tidak
berubah / mendatar .

UPSR 2009– NO. 4

WTO/M

WTC

UPSR 2009– NO. 4(b)

(b) What is the trend of change in the sizes of
the phases of the Moon during this investigation?
Apakah corak perubahan saiz fasa Bulan
sepanjang tempoh penyiasatan ini?

Increases and decreases
Bertambah dan berkurang

UPSR 2008 – NO. 2

Contoh RAJAH 1 - yang telah diproses

WTKS 2 2 2

WTC 1
3 2

WTO/M

Kecerahan mentol
TREND = INCREASES / BERTAMBAH

UPSR 2008– NO. 2

(b) What is the trend of changes in brightness of
the bulbs in circuits, R, S and T?

Apakah corak perubahan kecerahan mentol-
mentol dalam litar, R, S dan T?

Increases // Bertambah

UPSR 2008– NO. 2

Kesilapan 2 – Soalan 2 (b)
1. Tidak dapat kenal pasti maklumat (ayat) corak
yang ada pada gambarajah.
2. Tidak menyatakan corak kecerahan yang
betul dari 3 hingga 1 mentol.

Kesilapan / Trend/ Pattern (Corak)

1. Tidak dapat kenal pasti maklumat (ayat) corak
yang ada pada gambarajah, jadual, carta
palang dll.

2. Tidak memberi perhatian kepada soalan, sama
ada corak keseluruhan atau sebahagian.

4. RELATIONSHIP (INTERPRETING
DATA)
HUBUNGAN (MENTAFSIR MAKLUMAT)

 Relationship between “number of
batteries” and “brightness of bulbs”.
 DINYATAKAN apakah WTC dan WTO/M.

4. RELATIONSHIP / HUBUNGAN

(a) The more/less* WTC, the more/less*
WTO/M.
(*bertukar ikut kesesuaian e.g. “greater”, “ further”, “higher”)

Semakin bertambah/ berkurang WTC, semakin
bertambah/ berkurang WTO/M.

4. RELATIONSHIP

(b) As/ If/ When the WTC increases/ decreases, the
WTO/M increases/ decreases.

Jika /Apabila WTC bertambah/ berkurang,
WTO/M bertambah/ berkurang .

4. RELATIONSHIP

(c) Different WTC …… different WTO/M.
Jika WTC berlainan/ berbeza, WTO/M
berlainan/ berbeza.
(Awas! Terhad penggunaannya. Jalan
terakhir)
(Biasanya jika WTC adalah “Type of …../ Jenis …..”
Contoh :
Different type of animals have different number of resting heart beats.
Jenis haiwan yang berlainan mempunyai bilangan degupan jantung
semasa rehat yang berlainan.

Kesilapan / Relationship/ Hubungan / hypothesis

1. Tidak menulis ayat yang mengaitkan
perubahan WTC(PM) dengan perubahan
WTO/M (PB) dengan tepat.

2. Menulis pembolehubah WTC yang salah /
tidak lengkap atau kedudukan PU yang salah.

3. Menulis corak perubahan yang salah bagi
satu atau kedua-dua pemboleh ubah.

UPSR 2009– NO. 2(c)

models made from different number of rolls of
papers. The papers are the same type. Both
the models were blown using a fan with the
same speed.
bilangan gulungan kertas yang berlainan.
Kertas itu adalah jenis yang sama.
Kedua-dua model itu ditiup menggunakan
kipas dengan laju yang sama.

UPSR 2009– NO. 2c

Topic : Stability WTO/M

WTKS

WTC

UPSR 2009– NO. 2c

(c) What is relationship between the size of
the model and the stability?
Apakah hubungan antara saiz model
dengan kestabilan?

UPSR 2009– NO. 2c

1. The bigger the base area / size of base, the
more stable the model.
Semakin bertambah/ besar luas tapak, semakin

bertambah kestabilan model.

2. As the size of base area increases, the stability
of the model increases.
Semakin bertambah saiz/besar tapak, semakin
bertambah kestabilan model.

RELATIONSHIP (HYPOTHESIS)
HUBUNGAN (HIPOTESIS)

 Relationship between “what is changed”
and “what is observed/ measured”.
 Tidak dinyatakan apakah WTC dan
WTO/M.

The further or Distance
Sample question :
1.

2. The nearer
What is the relationship,
1. The more or Quantity
2. The less what is volume ,
between changed
and what is measured ?
number of object
1. The higher or Temperature
2. The lower
1. The faster or Time taken ,
2. The slower
speed

Change or
measure Relationship
1. The weight •The heavier the object…
of object or
•The lighter the object ….
2. The height •The higher the object or
of object •The lower the object …..

3. The •The higher the

temperature temperature of water …or
of water •The lower the temperature
of water …..
4. The size of •The bigger the size of object

Change or Relationship/ Conclusion
measure
1. The •The more the number
number object… or
of •The less the number
object object ….
3. The •The more the volume of

volume of water …or
water •Theless the volume of
water …..
4. The quantity •The more the quantity //
// amount of amount of food or
food •The less the quantity // amount

Height of shadow /cm (c) What is the relationship between
the variable that is changed and
the
100
80 variable that is observed ?
60 Distance
40 between the
object and the
light source
20 /cm
0 20 40 60 80 100

The ………………the distance
between the object and the
source of light , the
………….. height of shadow

(c) Relationship between what is

Height of
changed and what is
shadow De
observed.
cre
100
80 ase
60 s
40

20
0 20 40 60 80 Distance
100 between the
object and
the light
Increases source

Height of shadow (cm) What is the relationship between the
variable that is changed and the
variable that is observed?
100
80
60 Distance
40 between the
object and the
light source /cm
20
0 20 40 60 80 100

As the distance between the object
and the light source increases , the
height of shadow decreases.

c . A nswer relationship :-
further
The ………….. the
distance between the object
and the light source , the
shorter
…………. the height of the
shadow OR
As the distance between the
object and the light source
…………..
increases , the height of the
decrease
shadow ……………
s

Height of shadow (cm)
RIGHT OR
100
WRONG
80
60 Distance
40 between the
object and the
source of light
20 (cm)
0 20 40 60 80 100
As the distance between the
increases , the height of
shadow increases .

Height of shadow (cm)
RIGHT OR
100
WRONG
80
60 Distance
40 between the
object and the
source of light
20 (cm)
0 20 40 60 80 100
As the height of the shadow
decreases , the distance
between the object and the light
source increases .

What is the relationship between the variable that is changed
and the variable that is measured?
Apakah hubungan di antara apa yang diubah dan apa yang
diukur?

The longer the distance between the torchlight
and the iron rod, the smaller the size of the
shadow .
Semakin bertambah jarak di antara lampu suluh
dengan batang besi, semakin kecil saiz bayang-
bayang.

As the distance between the torchlight and the
iron rod increases , the size of the shadow
decreases.
Apabila jarak di antara lampu suluh dengan
batang besi bertambah, saiz bayang-bayang
berkurang.

UPSR 2008– NO. 2

Kesilapan - Relationship

* Bagi soalan yang WTC TIADA corak

1. Menulis corak WTC yang sebenarnya tidak
berlaku.

Azman conducts an investigation on the
direction of a shadow at different times.
He observes the shadow of a pole outside
his house and records the result in the
table below.
Azman menjalankan satu penyiasatan
tentang arah bayang-bayang pada masa
yang berbeza. Dia memerhati sebatang
tiang di luar rumahnya dan merekodkan
keputusan dalam jadual di bawah.

Position of the East East Straight above West West
Sun the pole
Kedudukan Timur Timur Tegak di atas Barat Barat
Matahari tiang
Direction of the West West No shadow East East
shadow
Arah bayang- Barat Barat Tiada bayang- Timur Timur
bayang bayang

Problem?

(a) State the relationship between the time and
the length of the shadow in the morning.

(b) State the relationship between the time and
the length of the shadow in the evening.

(c) State the relationship between the time and
the length of the shadow.

As the time increases, the length of the shadow
decreases until 1.30 pm. and increases after
that.

UPSR 2006 – NO. 5

(d) State the relationship between the position
of the Sun and the direction of the shadow?
Sample answer :

1. When the Sun is on the west , the direction of
the shadow is on the east.

2. When the Sun is on the east , the direction of
the shadow is on the west.

3. When the Sun is directly above the pole , the
(direction) of the shadow is the same as that
of the pole / there is no shadow.

4. Combination of 1 & 2.

UPSR 2006 – NO. 5

(d) Nyatakan hubungan antara kedudukan
Matahari dengan arah bayang?
Contoh jawapan :

1. Apabila Matahari di sebelah barat, arah
bayang-bayang di timur.

2. Apabila Matahari di sebelah timur, arah
bayang-bayang di barat.

3. Apabila Matahari tegak di atas tiang, (arah)
bayang sama dengan tiang / tiada.

4. Gabungan jawapan 1 & 2.

UPSR 2005 – NO. 2

2. Ajeet carried out an investigation to test the
ability of a number of objects to light up a
bulb. Ajeet prepared the following circuit.
Each object was connected to the circuit.

UPSR 2005 – NO. 2

Ajeet's results are shown below.

Keputusan Ajeet ditunjukkan di bawah.

UPSR 2005 – NO. 2

(b) What is the relationship between the two
variables that you have mentioned in (a)?
• If the object is a conductor / insulator the bulb
lights up/ does not light up.
• If the object conducts the electricity the bulbs
lights up. // vice versa
• Object Q lights up bulb.
• Type of object affects lights up the bulb.

# CORRECT = Object Q / magnetic/ iron / metal lights
up
the bulb.
* “List” …… lights up the bulb.
* Non-magnetic material lights up the bulb.

(b) Apakah hubungan antara kedua-dua
pembolehubah yang kamu nyatakan di (a)?

• Jika objek bahan konduktor maka mentol akan
menyala.
• Jika objek bahan penebat maka mentol tidak
menyala.
• Jika objek mengalirkan arus elektrik maka
mentol akan menyala.
• Jenis objek mempengaruhi nyalaan mentol.

# BETUL = Objek Q / bahan magnet/ besi / logam mentol

menyala
* “Senarai” …… mentol menyala.

5. CONCLUSION / KESIMPULAN
(conclude/ find out/ learnt)
Jawapan seperti “hypothesis” atau
“relationship” atau pernyataan yang
dibuat berdasarkan keputusan
eksperimen (tumpukan kepada corak
WTC dan corak WTO/M).

(a) The more/less* WTC, the more/less*
WTO/M.
(*bertukar ikut kesesuaian e.g.
“greater”, “ further”, “higher”)

(b) As/ If/ When the WTC increases/
decreases, WTO/M increases/
decreases.

 Semakin bertambah/ berkurang WTC
semakin bertambah/ berkurang WTO/M.

(*SYARAT : Jika kedua-dua WTC & WTO/M ada corak
perubahan “increases/decreases”)

(c) Jika tiada corak perubahan WTC
dan WTO/M - gunakan ayat yang
berkaitan dengan fakta sains
penyiasatan itu.

Contoh :
“Plants need sunlight to grow”

“ The bulbs in parallel circuit are
brighter than the bulbs in series
circuit”

(d) Ayat :
Diferent WTC different WTO/M (Jika
WTC adalah “Type of …..” –
(Awas! Terhad)

Contoh :
Different type of plants have different
ways of seeds dispersal

UPSR 2009– NO. 4(d)

Kesilapan 3 – Soalan 2 (c) / CONCLUSION (KESIMPULAN)

1. Menggunakan pemboleh ubah WTC yang tidak
lengkap. (WTC ………Object)

2. Corak yang terdapat dalam ayat tidak berlaku.
(pemilihan “jenis”)

Contoh : Semakin bertambah jenis objek, semakin
berkurang bilangan ukuran.

UPSR 2009– NO. 4(d)

Kesilapan 4(d) - CONCLUSION (KESIMPULAN)

1. Tidak menyatakan kedua-dua corak WTC dan
WTO yang berlaku dalam carta palang.

2. Tidak menulis WTC dan WTO yang lengkap.

Height of shadow
What can you conclude
from this investigation?
100
80 Distance between
60 the object and the
40 light source

20
0 20 40 60 80
100
Relationship between what is
changed and what is observed .
CONCLUSION ADA TREND WTC & WTO

Height of shadow What can you
conclude from this
investigation?
100
80 Distance
60 between
40 the object
and the light
source
20
0 20 40 60 80
100
Relationship between the distance
source and the height of shadow .

What can you conclude from this investigation?

Height of De
shadow cre
ase
100
80 s
60
40

20
0 20 40 60 80 Distance
100 between the
object and
the light
Increases source

Height of shadow
( cm ) (d) What can you conclude from this

100
80 investigation?
60 Distance
between the
40 object and the
light source

20
0 20 40 60 80
100
The further the distance
source, the shorter the height of
shadow .

Height of shadow
( cm ) (d) What can you conclude from this

100
80 investigation
Distance
60 between the
40 object and
the light
source
20
0 20 40 60 80
100
The distance between the
will affect the height of
shadow .

UPSR 2009– NO. 2(c)

(d) What conclusion can be made from this
investigation?
Apakah kesimpulan yang boleh dibuat
daripada penyiasatan ini?

UPSR 2008– NO. 4(d)

investigation?

UPSR 2009– NO. 2(c)

1. The longer the length of object, the less the number
of measurement.
Semakin bertambah panjang objek, semakin
berkurang bilangan ukuran yang diambil.

2. When the length of object increases, the number of

measurement decreases.
Apabila panjang objek bertambah, bilangan ukuran
yang diambil berkurang.

*3. Object used are non-standard measurement tools.
Objek yang digunakan adalah alat ukur yang bukan
piawai.

UPSR 2009– NO. 4(d)

CONCLUSION ( 2 PATTERNS)

UPSR 2009– NO. 4(d)

investigation?

Another
conclusio
n question
, last year
UPSR
2009

The more the day , the
bigger the size of the
phases of the Moon
RIGHT OR WRONG

Another
conclusio
n question
, last year
UPSR
2009

Semakin bertambah
hari semakin besar
saiz fasa Bulan.
BETUL atau

Another
conclusio
n question
, last year
UPSR
2009

The size of the phases of
the Moon increases until
day 15 and decreases
after that .

Another
conclusio
n question
, last year
UPSR
2009

Saiz fasa Bulan bertambah
sehingga hari ke-15 dan
berkurang selepas itu.

Another
conclusio
n question
, last year
UPSR
2009

The size of the phases of
the Moon is the biggest on
day 15.

Another
conclusio
n question
, last year
UPSR
2009

Saiz fasa Bulan paling
besar pada hari ke-15.

UPSR 2008– NO. 4(d)

1. The size of the phases of the Moon is the
biggest on day 15.
Saiz fasa bulan paling besar pada hari ke-15.

2. The size of the phases of the Moon increases
until day 15 and decreases after that.
Saiz fasa bulan bertambah sehingga hari ke-15
dan berkurang selepas itu.

UPSR 2008– NO. 4(d)

*3. As the day increases, the size of the phases
of the Moon increases until day 15 and
decreases after that.

Semakin bertambah hari semakin bertambah
saiz fasa bulan sehingga hari ke-15 dan
berkurang selepas itu.

4. 2003
WTC WTO
Date according Phase of the Moon
to Lunar Calendar

5th day

10th day

15th day

20th day

25th day

4. 2003
WTC WTO
Tarikh mengikut Fasa bulan
Takwim Qamari

5 haribulan

10 haribulan

15 haribulan

20 haribulan

25 haribulan

UPSR 2003 – NO. 4

(b) State one conclusion that can be made
from information in Table 4.
# [Summary of the correct observation] . Example:

1. Shape/ size/ phase of the moon
largest/fullest on the 15th day/ middle of the
month. // Shape/ size/ phase of the moon
smallest at the beginning / 5th day and at
the end of the month / 25th day.

* The word “and” is compulsory.

UPSR 2003 – NO. 4

2. Shape/ size/ phase of the moon became
bigger until the 15th day/ middle of the
month and became smaller after that / 15th
day.

3. On the 15th day/ middle of the month the
shape of the moon is spherical/ circular/
fullmoon and at the beginning/ 5th day and
end of month/ 25th day, the shape is
crescent.

(b) Nyatakan satu kesimpulan yang boleh
dibuat berdasarkan maklumat dalam
Jadual 4.

# [Rumusan tentang pemerhatian yang betul]

1. Bentuk/saiz/ fasa Bulan paling
besar/penuh pada 15 haribulan /
pertengahan bulan // Bentuk/Saiz/Fasa
Bulan paling kecil pada awal bulan/ 5
haribulan dan akhir bulan/ 25 haribulan.

* “dan” wajib ada

….sambungan

2. Bentuk/saiz/fasa Bulan semakin
membesar sehingga 15 haribulan/
pertengahan bulan dan semakin mengecil
selepas tarikh tersebut.

3. Pada 15 haribulan / pertengahan bulan,
Bulan berbentuk sfera/bulat/purnama dan
pada awal bulan/5 haribulan dan akhir
bulan/25 haribulan, (Bulan) berbentuk
sabit.

O
WT
Number of flowers produced
Focus here

C
WT
Volume of water / ml
100 200 300 400 500 600

When the volume of water is 300 and 400 ml (WTC), the
number of flowers produced (WTO) is the most.

The number of flowers produced is the most
when volume of water is 300 to 400 ml

UPSR 2008– NO. 2(d)

CONCLUSION (COMPARING)

(d) Diagram 2.2 shows the arrangement of bulbs in
two different circuits.
The brightness of the bulbs are recorded.

Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan susunan mentol dalam
dua litar yang berlainan.
Kecerahan mentol-mentol itu direkodkan.

(b) What conclusion can be made from
this investigation?


1. Total Moon/Lunar Eclipse occurs at
10.30 p.m //
Gerhana bulan penuh berlaku pada
pukul 10.30 malam.

The moon cannot be seen at 10.30 pm.
Bulan tidak kelihatan pada pukul 10.30
malam.

2. The duration of eclipse of the Moon
occurs within 3 hours 30 minutes //
Masa/ tempoh gerhana Bulan berlaku
selama 3 jam 30 minit.

3. Eclipse of the moon starts at 8.40 p.m.
and finishes at 12.10 a.m.//
Gerhana Bulan bermula pada 8.40 p.m.
dan berakhir pada 12.10 pagi.

4. When the Sun, Earth and the Moon in a
straight line eclipse occurs //
Eclipse of the moon occurs when the
Moon is in the shadow of the Earth.

5.1 As the time increase, stages of
eclipse
of the moon increase until 10.30 p.m.
and then decreases //
From time 8.40 to 10.30 p.m. the
stages
of the eclipse increases and time
10.30/11.30 to 12.10 stages of eclipse
decrease.

5.2 As the time increase, the part of the
moon that can be seen decrease until
10.30 then increase.

5.3 As the time increase the dark part of
the moon increase until 10.30 then
decrease.

UPSR 2008 – NO. 2(d)

WTC = Type of circuits /
Jenis litar
2 2 WTKS

Parallel circuit /
Series circuit Litar selari
Litar bersiri
WTKS 3
3

Kecerahan mentol

UPSR 2008– NO. 2(d)

(d) What can you conclude from this investigation?
Apakah kesimpulan yang boleh kamu buat
berdasarkan penyiasatan ini?

The bulbs in a parallel circuit are brighter
than the bulbs in a series circuit.

Mentol dalam litar selari lebih cerah
daripada mentol dalam litar bersiri.

UPSR 2008– NO. 2(d)

Kesilapan 2(d) 2008/ Conclusion (Kesimpulan)

* Bagi soalan yang WTC TIADA corak

1. Menulis corak jenis litar WTC(PM) yang
sebenarnya tidak berlaku.

2. Tidak menulis nama kedua-dua jenis litar
dalam jawapan (litar bersiri dan litar selari).

State one conclusion based on the
information given .
White
screen
]
Iron rod Iron rod

10 5cm
cm
Torchlight Torchlight

Make a relationship between
changed and observed .

information given .
White
screen
]
Iron rod Iron rod
Opaque object can
10
form cm shadow , Torchlight
a but
5cm
Torchlight

transparent object
cannot form a shadow

information given .
White
screen
]
Iron rod Iron rod

10 5cm
The more
cm the type of
Torchlight an object
,
Torchlight
the more the formation of shadow .

Right or Wrong

information given .
White
screen
]
Iron rod Iron rod

10 5cm
If the type of an object
cm
Torchlight Torchlight

increases, the
formation of shadow
will increases Wrong
Right Or

6. HYPOTHESIS (RELATIONSHIP 2)
Sama dengan “relationship” &
“conclusion”.

* Istilah yang digunakan UPSR 2008/ 2009

Relationship

State the relationship between the variable that is
changed and the variable theat is observed.
Nyatakan hubungan di antara pembolehubah yang
diubah dan pembolehubah yang diperhati/ diukur.

7. REASON (INFERENCE) / Why / Explain
Sebab/ Alasan

- Penerangan tentang “observation” /
pemerhatian yang munasabah.

# Observation to support your answer
Pemerhatian untuk menyokong sebab/
inferens kamu.

7.1 # Observation to support your answer.
Pemerhatian untuk menyokong sebab/
sebab (inferens)

• Disoal selepas soalan Reason (inference)/
Sebab.

Kesilapan Reason (Inference) / sebab
(inferens)

1. Tidak pasti apakah pemerhatian utama
daripada jadual untuk memberikan inferens
(kesimpulan awal/ penerangan).
2. Memberi inferens yang tidak berkaitan
pemerhatian utama.
3. Menyatakan pemerhatian bukan sebab/
inferens

3. Jadual 2 menunjukkan catatan pemerhatian ke
atas bahan makanan, P dan Q selepas
seminggu

Bahan Makanan Pemerhatian selepas seminggu

1. Terdapat tompok-tompok
P hitam.
2. Berbau busuk

Q Tiada perubahan

UPSR 2002

Bahan Makanan Pemerhatian selepas seminggu

1. Terdapat tompok-tompok
P hitam.
2. Berbau busuk

Q Tiada perubahan

(a) Berikan dua sebab/ inferens untuk
bahan makanan P berdasarkan
pemerhatian dalam Jadual 2.
[Penerangan tentang pemerhatian yang munasabah]
 Terdapat bakteria // kulat
 Tidak diawetkan // Tidak dibekukan //
Tidak ditinkan (sebarang kaedah
pengawetan yang sesuai)
 Telah basi / rosak
 Terkena air / lembap (menunjukkan kehadiran air)
 Terdedah pada udara / Tidak dibungkus

Tolak –
 melepasi tarikh luput
 panas
 suhu tidak sesuai
 makanan hancur
 terbiar / dibiarkan

Cage A Cage B

Observation : The cat in cage A is bigger than in cage B

Reason (Inference) : Because the cat in cage A gets more
food than the cat in cage B.

Another observation : Cat in cage A is more active
compared to cat in cage B.

REASON /SEBAB
(INFERENCE)
The number of animals X left
100
80
Based on facts
60

40

20

Jan Feb Mac Apr Mei Months

Diagram 2 shows a graph about the remaining
number of animal X for five months . State one
reason about the number of animal X from January to
May based on the information given in Diagram 1.

Sebab (Inferens) :-
Bilangan haiwan X yang tinggal
100

Berdasarkan fakta
80

60

40

20

Jan Feb MacApr Mei Bulan
Nyatakan satu sebab (inferens) tentang bilangan
haiwan X yang tinggal dari bulan Januari hingga Mei
berdasarkan maklumat dalam Rajah 1.

Reason / Inference
Remaining number of animal X
100
80
60
40
20
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Month

The number of animal X left decreases
because the increase in illegal hunting /
illegal logging/ destruction of their habitat //
not getting enough food // more competition
with other animals.

Sebab (Inferens)
Bilangan haiwan X yang tinggal
100
80

60

40

20
Jan Feb Mar Apr Mei Bulan

Bilangan haiwan X yang tinggal semakin
berkurangan kerana semakin banyak
pemburuan haram /pemusnahan habitat //
Persaingan untuk dapat makanan meningkat

UPSR 2005 – NO. 4

4. Amir dan Ah Meng are carrying out an
investigation.
Figure (i) shows Ah meng pulling a load. He find
it difficult to pull the load.

UPSR 2005 – NO. 4

Ah Meng designs a trolley to help him to pull the
load.
Figure (ii) shows that Ah Meng finds it easier to
pull the load using te trolley.

UPSR 2005 – NO. 4

Sebab berdasarkan fakta
Compare the two situation when Ah Meng pulls the
load.
Bandingkan dua situasi apabila Ah Meng menarik
beban.

(a) State two reasons (inferences) based on your
observations.
Nyatakan dua sebab (inferens) berdasarkan
pemerhatian.

UPSR 2005 – NO. 4

• More friction on the load without trolley.
• Tanpa troli, lebih banyak geseran pada beban.

• Less force is needed when trolley is used.
• Kurang daya diperlukan apabila troli digunakan.

• Use of trolley makes the work easier.
• Penggunaan troli memudahkan kerja.

• Use of trolley makes the work lesser.
• Penggunaan troli mengurangkan kerja.

UPSR 2005 – NO. 4
Choose any pairing to make comparisons

Without trolley With trolley
1. More friction …less friction

2. More force used …less force used

3. More work done …less work done

4. Slow / difficult to move …fast / easy to move

5. More energy …less energy

6. Contact surface more …contact surface less

Sebab berdasarkan fakta
(b) State one reason (inference) about the

distance travelled by K.
Nyatakan satu sebab (inferens) tentang
jarak yang dilalui oleh K.

1. Less friction // Kurang geseran.

UPSR 2009 – NO. 5(c)

(c) Write one observation to support the reason
(inference) in 5 (b).
Tulis satu pemerhatian untuk menyokong
sebab (inferens)di 5(b).

1. Distance travelled by K is more/ further than J.
Jarak yang dilalui oleh K lebih jauh daripada J.

2. K moves easier than J.
K bergerak lebih mudah/ cepat/ laju daripada J.

UPSR 2008– NO. 4 Sebab berdasarkan
WTC
WTC = The distance of the planet from the Sun.
Jarak planet dari Matahari.
WTC WTO
Planet Time taken by planet to orbit the Sun / year
Planet Masa yang diambil oleh planet untuk membuat
satu peredaran lengkap mengelilingi Matahari /
tahun
Saturn
Zuhal 29.5
Uranus
Uranus 84
Neptune
Neptun 165
Pluto
Pluto 248

UPSR 2008– NO. 4 Sebab berdasarkan
WTC
WTC = The size of the planet’s orbit.
Saiz orbit planet.
WTC WTO
tahun
Saturn
Zuhal 29.5
Uranus
Uranus 84
Neptune
Neptun 165
Pluto
Pluto 248

UPSR 2008– NO. 4

(a) State one reason (inference) about the
difference in the time taken by planet Saturn and
Pluto.
Nyatakan satu inferens tentang perbezaan
antara masa yang diambil oleh planet Zuhal
dan Pluto.

• The size of Pluto’s orbit is bigger than
Saturn’s orbit.
Saiz orbit Pluto lebih besar daripada saiz
orbit Zuhal.

• Pluto is further to the Sun. …………….
Pluto lebih jauh dari Matahari……………

UPSR 2004 – NO. 3

3. The figure shows apparatus used in an
investigation.

UPSR 2004 – NO. 3

Instructions:
1. Fill a beaker with 200 ml of cold water.
2. Add 10 spoons of sugar to the beaker
and stir until all the sugar dissolves.
3. Record the time taken for the sugar to
dissolves.
Repeat the activities using hot water.

UPSR 2004 – NO. 3

Sebab berdasarkan PEMERHATIAN / DATA
Results :

Water temperature / °C 30 90

Time taken for the sugar
90 60
to dissolve/second

Inference / use the WTC

UPSR 2004 – NO. 3

(a) Why do you think the time taken for the
sugar to dissolve different?
Give one reason.
# Able to state one reason/ inference.

Sample answer:

1. The water temperature is different.
2. Sugar dissolved faster in hot water.

# Accept : Water temperature high / water heat is different /
water hotness is different / sugar dissolves faster
in hot water.

UPSR 2003 – NO. 4

On one night of the 15th day of the
Lunar Calender, the moon cannot be
seen.

(c) State two possible reasons for this
observation.

# [Acceptable explanation of observation]

UPSR 2003 – NO. 4
Sebab berdasarkan PEMERHATIAN /
PENGALAMAN LALU
Example:
1. Rainy (day)
2. Cloudy/ cloud
3. Misty/ foggy/ hazy/ snowy
4. Eclipse of the Moon / lunar eclipse
(any explanation of lunar eclipse. e.g. : The Moon is
hidden by he Earth’s shadow)
5. Its going to rain
# Accept : Bad weather and then raining
# Reject : Bad weather , strong wind, dark

UPSR 2003 – NO. 2

a) Suggest one reason why the water cools.
[Acceptable explanation of the observation]

Example :

1. Ice/ water is added.

2. Placed under fan/ windy area. //
Blowing

3. Placed in a wider/ larger beaker/
container.

UPSR 2003 – NO. 2

4. Placed in a cold room/ refrigerator.

5. Soaked in cold/ ice water.

6. Stirred / shake.

7. Container made of conductor
materials / any type of materials.

UPSR 2003 – NO. 2

8. Heat is loss/ not absorbed

9. Container not covered/ sealed

10. Heat is not supplied// Heating
stopped

# Tolak : air disejukkan/diletak dalam suhu bilik/
pengurangan haba/bekas terbiar/kondensasi

UPSR 2006 – NO. 3

3. Siti has two rubber bands, X and Y.
X and Y are of the same length. She
carries out an investigation using
the rubber bands.
Each rubber band is hung with an
identical cup.
Diagram 3.1 shows the result of the
investigation.

UPSR 2006 – NO. 3

Rubber band X Rubber band Y

UPSR 2006 – NO. 3

(a) State two inferences about the length
of rubber band Y.
Sample answer :

1. Rubber band Y is more elastic / soft.

2. Rubber band Y is thinner.

3. Rubber band Y is older.

4. Rubber band Y was heated.

5. Cup Y has a weight .
Reject : Got material / stretched / more quality

A INFERENCE / REASON
1. Diagram 1 shows the result of an
investigation that shows the response
of
plant P .

Sunlight

A INFERENCE / REASON
1 Diagram 1 shows the result of an investigation that
shows the response of plant P .

Sunlight

(a) State one reason ( inference
)
based on these

Steps to answer
“Inference / Reason” :-
1. Main observation : -
The shoot of plant P
bent
towards the hole .
2. Give your reason why
the shoot of plant P
bent
towards the hole ?

REASON1 shows the result of an investigation that
1 Diagram
(INFERENCE)
Steps to answer
Sun light Inference :-
1. Main observation -
( Result)
2. Give a reason based on
that observation .

The shoot of plant P bent
toward the hole because
the shoot respond to
the light .

INFERENCE
ANSWER shows the result of an investigation that
1 Diagram 1 :-
Steps to answer Inference
Sun light :-
1. Main observation -
( Result)
2. Give a reason based on
that observation .

The shoot of plant P bent
toward the hole because
the plant need the
light to grow .

OBSERVATION TO SUPPORT YOUR
REASON (INFERENCE)
PEMERHATIAN UNTUK MENYOKONG
SEBAB (INFERENCE)

Kesilapan – Soalan 1 (b) / Observation

1. Tidak menyatakan pemerhatian tetapi
menyatakan sebab.
2. Memberi pemerhatian dan sebab.

UPSR 2008 – NO. 1

(a) State one reason (inference) based on these

information.
Nyatakan satu sebab (inferens) berdasarkan

The chicks are dead ini. box J because lack
maklumat-maklumat in
of space/ air// competing for space/ air.
Anak ayam mati dalam kotak J kerana
kekurangan ruang/ udara // bersaing untuk
ruang/ udara.

UPSR 2008– NO. 1

(b) Write one observation on the condition of the
chicks in box J to support the answer in 1(a).
Tulis satu permerhatian tentang keadaan anak-
anak ayam dalam kotak J untuk menyokong
jawapan di 1(a).

 The chicks are not active/ weak/ dead.
 Anak ayam tidak aktif/ lemah/ mati.

UPSR 2009– NO. 5 (c)

Kesilapan Observation / Pemerhatian
1. Tidak menyatakan pemerhatian tetapi
menyatakan sebab.
2. Memberi pemerhatian dan sebab.
Write one observation to support the reason
(inference) in 5(c).
Tulis satu permerhatian untuk menyokong
sebab (inference) di 5(c).

 The chicks are not active/ weak/ dead.
 Anak ayam tidak aktif/ lemah/ mati.

OBSERVATION
1 Diagram 1 shows the result of an investigation that shows
the response of plant P .

Sun light

(b) Write one observation on
the
condition of the plant P to

8.PREDICTION / Ramalan // Estimate /
What will happen?

* Ramalkan apa akan berlaku (jawapan
ayat)
* Ramalkan panjang/ suhu/ bilangan dll.
(perlu pengiraan & jawapan bentuk
angka).
[berdasarkan pemerhatian pola data /
maklumat bukan teka]

MERAMAL :-
Proses untuk menjangkakan apakah yang
akan berlaku pada masa akan datang
berdasarkan kepada pemerhatian dan
pengalaman yang lalu atau data yang boleh
dipercayai .
Langkah menjawab :-
i) Bentuk jika data dalam bentuk nombor – boleh
dikira nombor berdasarkan perubahan setiap
bacaan
ii) Bentuk perkataan jika maklumat dalam bentuk
ayat / gambarajah , yang tidak boleh dikira
dengan nombor .

Kesilapan Prediction (Ramalan)

1. Tidak dapat membuat pengiraan yang tepat
mengikut corak perubahan WTO.

2. Tidak menulis jawapan dalam bentuk ayat
atau nombor bulat yang tepat mengikut
kehendak soalan.

3. Tidak dapat menulis apa yang akan berlaku
berdasarkan maklumat yang diberikan.

K 4 – State what will happened by using data or previous information
K 4 – State what will happened by using data or previous information

Number of elephant

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Years

Based on the trend, predict what will happen to
the elephant in 2010

The elephant will extinct.

The answer in the form of sentence

Bilangan gajah

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Tahun

Berdasarkan corak perubahan bilangan gajah, ramalkan
apa yang akan berlaku kepada gajah pada tahun 2010?

Gajah akan pupus

Jawapan dalam bentuk ayat

9
Time (minute)
Masa (minit) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Water temperature (°C)
Suhu air (°C) 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

a. Predict the water temperature at the 9 minute. 80 – 70 = 10
b. Ramalkan suhu air pada minit ke-9. 10 ÷ 2 = 5

70 + 5 = 75
75 °C or
80 - 5 = 75

The answer in the form of number.
Jawapan dalam bentuk angka

UPSR 2009– NO. 4(c)

+3 +3 7 +3 10 +5 +5 20
+5 25

UPSR 2009– NO. 2

WTC WTO/ M
Object
Objek
18
9/ 10/ 11/ 12/ 13/ 14/ 15/ 16/ 17

8

5

UPSR 2008 – NO. 3

Contoh 5 – Jadual :

-5

- 10
- 15
- 20

(4) Table 3 45
Jadual 3

UPSR 2008– NO. 1

(c) The chicks in box K are transferred to box L as

shown in Diagram 1.2. Box L is similar to
box K but it has only four holes punched by
the sides.

Anak-anak ayam dalam kotak K dipindahkan
ke dalam kotak L seperti yang ditunjukkan
dalam kotak rajah 1.2. Kotak L adalah serupa
dengan kotak K tetapi hanya mempunyai
empat lubang yang ditebuk di tepinya.

UPSR 2008– NO. 1

Diagram 1.2
Rajah 1.2

UPSR 2008– NO. 1

Predict what happen to the chicks after four hours.
Ramalkan apa yang akan berlaku kepada anak-
anak ayam itu selepas empat jam.

Some chicks may die/ become weaker/ less
active/ breathless.
Beberapa anak ayam mati/ menjadi lebih
lemah/ kurang aktif/ tercungap-cungap.

UPSR 2008– NO. 4

(c) The time taken by a new planet X to orbit the
Sun is 200 years.
Based on Table 4, Predict the location of the
planet X.
Masa yang diambil oleh satu planet baru X untuk
membuat satu peredaran lengkap mengelilingi
Matahari adalah 200 tahun.
Berdasarkan Jadual 4, ramalkan kedudukan
bagi planet X.

UPSR 2008– NO. 4

WTC = The distance of the planet from the Sun.
Jarak planet dari Matahari.
WTC WTO
tahun
Saturn
Zuhal 29.5
Uranus
Uranus 84
Neptune
Neptun 165
X 200
Pluto
Pluto 248

UPSR 2008– NO. 4

(c) The time taken by a new planet X to orbit the
Sun is 200 years.
Based on Table 4, Predict the location of the
planet X.
Masa yang diambil oleh satu planet baru X untuk
membuat satu peredaran lengkap mengelilingi
Matahari adalah 200 tahun.
Berdasarkan Jadual 4, ramalkan kedudukan
bagi planet X.

• Between Neptune and Pluto.
Di antara Neptun dan Pluto.

Predict the height of the
( e)
shadow if the distance between
the object and the source of
light is 10 cm ? Answer :

More than 100cm

RIGHT OR
WRONG

Contoh soalan MERAMAL :-
Suhu cecair / 0

C
80
60
40
Bilangan bateri
20
0 2 4 6 8
(e) Ramalkan suhu cecair
apabila 5 bateri
digunakan.

(e) Cara jawab , ramalkan suhu cecair
apabila 5 bateri digunakan :-
Suhu cecair / 0
C
80
? 40
60
Bilangan bateri
20
0 2 4 6 8

5

Soalan MERAMAL :-

Bilangan bateri Suhu cecair
2 20
+2 + 20
4 40
+2 5 ? + 20
6 60
+2 8 80 + 20

Soalan MERAMAL :-

2 20
+2 + 20
4 40
+2 +1 + + 20
6 60 20/2
+2 8 80 + 20

Soalan MERAMAL :-

2 20
+2
4 40
+2 +1 + 10
6 60
+2 8 80

Soalan MERAMAL :-

2 20
+2
4 40
+2 +1 40 + 10= 50
6 60
+2 8 80

(e) Cara jawab , ramalkan suhu cecair
apabila 5 bateri digunakan :-
Suhu cecair / 0
C
80
50
60 40
Bilangan bateri
20
0 2 4 6 8

5

(e) Ramalkan suhu cecair apabila 5
bateri digunakan.
Suhu cecair / 0

C
80
60
40
Bilangan bateri
20
0 2 4 6 8

Jawapan :- 50 0 C

Jawapan murid -
Antara 40 0 C hingga 60 0

C
C
Suhu cecair / 0

Betul atau Salah

80
60
40
Bilangan bateri
20
0 2 4 6 8

Contoh soalan MERAMAL :-
Berat beban / g 0 5 10 15 20 25
Pemanjangan 10 13 16 19 19 19
spring / cm
(b) Apakah yang akan berlaku pada
pemanjangan spring selepas 25 g berat
beban digunakan ? Jawapan :-

Tidak berubah // Tetap

25 g
Berat garam 10 20 30 40 50
Masa garam
melarut dalam
3 6 10 15 21
air / saat 8
a) Ramalkan masa garam melarut
dalam air jika berat garam 25 g ?
Jawapan :- 8 saat

Soalan MERAMAL :-

Berat garam / g Masa garam
melarut dalam air /
saat

+ 10 10 3 +3
+ 10 20 6 +4
+ 10 30 10 +5
+ 10 40 15 +6
50 21

1
The table below shows the result of investigation carried
out by Izzati. She puts a few marbles of the same size one
after another into a measuring cylinder which contain 60
cm3 of water.

Jadual di bawah menunjukkan keputusan penyiasatan
yang dijalankan oleh Izzati. Dia memasukkan beberapa
biji guli yang sama saiz, satu persatu ke dalam silinder
penyukat yang mengandungi 60 cm3 air.

Number of
marbles 0 1 2 3 4 5
Bilangan guli
The level of
water (ml) 60 68 76 84 92 100
Paras air (ml)

WTC
diubah

WTO
diperhati

WTS
ditetapkan

Relationship / As the WTC increase/decrease the WTO/M
Hubungan increase/decrease.
Semakin bertambah/berkurang WTC, semakin
bertambah / berkurang WTO/M
Purpose To find out / investigate the relationship
Tujuan between,
Untuk menyiasat hubungan antara WTC
dengan WTO

2

Distance thrown /cm
Jarak balingan / cm

80

60

40

20

Weight of metal
ball / kg
1 3 4 5
Berat bola logam
/ kg

WTC

WTO

WTKS

Relationship

Purpose To investigate the relationship between WTC
and WTO,

3 DIAGRAM ANDSTATEMENT

Diagram shows sponges P, Q and R

A student has conducted an experiment of these three sponges. The
following is his observation.

Sponge P can absorb 20 ml of water at one time.
Sponge Q can absorb 50 ml of water at one time.
Sponge R can absorb 100 ml of water at one time.

Volume of water absorbed (ml)
Sponges
Isipadu air yang diserap (ml)
Span

WTC

WTO

WKTS

Relationship

between,

4 DIAGRAM
Some sugar were left near the ants trails at 8.00 am.
The number of ants coming is recorded .
Sejumlah gula telah diletakkan di laluan semut.
Bilangan semut yang datang direkodkan.

8.00 am 8.30am 9.00 am
8.00 pagi 8.30pagi 9.00pagi

WTC
diubah

WTO
diperhati

WKTS
ditetapkan

Relationship / As the WTC increase/decrease the WTO/M
Hubungan increase/decrease.
Semakin bertambah/berkurang WTC, semakin
bertambah / berkurang WTO/M
Tujuan between,
Untuk menyiasat hubungan antara WTC
dengan WTO

Time Number of ants coming
8.00 am 0
8.30 am 3

9.00 am 6

5 DIAGRAM

Fatin carries out an investigation by using three airtight glass
containers, P, Q and R, which are different in size. She put one
grasshopper into each container.

The grasshopper in container P dies first followed by that in container Q
and then that in container R

5 RAJAH

Fatin menjalankan penyiasatan dengan menggunakan tiga bekas
kaca P, Q dan R yang berbeza saiz. Dia memasukkan seekor belalang
ke dalam setiap bekas.

Belalang dalam bekas P mati dahulu diikuti belalang dalam bekas Q dan
kemudian belalang dalam bekas R.

6 DIAGRAM

The diagram shows ramps that have the same length but are different in
height. A trolley is released from the top of each ramp. The time taken for a
trolley to reach at the end of the ramp is recorded

Time taken = 10 saat Time taken = 5 saat

WTC Height of ………..

WTO Time taken to reach the ……..

WKTS

Relationship As the ……..

between,

1.

Iron container Plastic container Glass
container
What is changed ? Type of
container
2.

Container X Container Y Container Z
What is changed ? Shape of
container

1.

Bekas besi Bekas plastik Bekas kaca

Ubah? Jenis bekas

2.

Container X Container Y Container Z
Ubah Bentuk bekas
?

3 balls X , Y and Z are used in a fair test. Each of
the 3 balls are released from a height of 3 metres.
The height the ball bounces is recorded in the table
below .


3m 3m 3m

Floor


3m 3m 3m

Floor

Ball X Y Z
Weight of ball / g 20 40 60
Height of bounces
(cm) 15 13 11


Floor 3m 3m 3m

Ball X Y Z

Weight of the ball / g 20 40 60
The height of bounces 15 13 11
(cm)
1.Changed :- Weight of the ball
2.Observed :- Height of bounces

3.Kept the same: Size of ball /
Height of the ball released

EXERCISES

1.

Container A Container B Container C

What is changed?
The size of container or The height of container
2.

Tin J Tin K Tin L

What is changed? : Colour of the tin

LATIHAN

1.

Bekas A Bekas B Bekas C

Ubah? Saiz bekas / Ketinggian bekas

2.

Tin J Tin K Tin L

Ubah? Warna tin

3. 3.

String Q String R String S
What is changed ? Thickness of
4. string
4.

Vinegar Oil Water

What is changed ? Type of liquid

3. 3.

Benang Q Benang R Benang S
Ubah? Saiz / Ketebalan benang
4.

4.

Cuka Minyak Air

Ubah? Jenis cecair

5.

Batteries

What is changed ? Number of batteries

6.

Iron container Glass Plastic container
container
What is changed? Type of container

5.

Bateri

Ubah? Bilangan bateri

6.

Bekas besi Bekas kaca Bekas plastik

Ubah? Jenis bekas

7.

Box A Box B Box C

What is changed? Height of box
8.

Magnet X Magnet Y Magnet Z

What is changed? Shape of magnet

7.

Kotak A Kotak B Kotak C

Ubah Ketinggian kotak
8. ?

Magnet X Magnet Y Magnet Z

Ubah? Bentuk magnet

9.
Termometer
50 0 C 60 0 C 70 0 C

350 ml 350 ml
350 ml
oil oil
oil
What is changed? Temperature of oil
10.

Ruler X Ruler Y Ruler Z
What is changed? Length of ruler

9.
Termometer
50 0 C 60 0 C 70 0 C

350 ml 350 ml
350 ml
oil oil
oil

Ubah? Suhu minyak
10.

Pembaris X Pembaris Y Pembaris Z

Ubah? Panjang pembaris

11.

Picture A Picture B

What is changed? Method of ploughing
12.
1980 1990 2000

What is changed? Number of year

11.

Ubah? Kaedah membajak
12.
1980 1990 2000

Ubah? Tahun

13.

Model P Model Q Model R
What is changed? Base area of

14 model
Water

What is changed? The presence of

13.

Model P Model Q Model R

Ubah? Luas tapak

14
Water

Ubah? Kehadiran/ isipadu air

13
Ball X travelled Ball Y travelled 3
2 metres until metres until it
it stopped stopped

What is observed? The distance travelled by
the ball until it stopped
14
The result shows that towel X is heavier
than towel Y after one hour .

What is observed? The weight of towel
after one hour .

15.

500 ml 500 ml
of hot of cold
water water

Beaker X :- Beaker Y :-
What is changed? Temperature of water

16.
Object X will rust Object Y will not rust

What is observed? Rusting of object

13

Object X Object Y
can rust cannot rust
What is observed? The rusting of
object
14
The result shows that the bulb does not
light up when connected to plastic ruler.
while using steel ruler the bulb can light
up .
What is observed :- The ability of bulb to
light up

Balloon A Balloon B

70 0 C of water 90 0 C of water
What is observed?

Temperature of water

Balloon A Balloon B

What is observed?
The size of balloon

Balloon A Balloon B

What is changed?

Size of balloon

What is observed?
Condition of seaweed
( stay alive or dead )
Oil layer
600 600
ml of Seaweed ml of
water water

Beaker A Beaker B

Picture shows the method to plough paddy field .

Picture A Picture B
The result shows that it is easier to plough the paddy
field in picture P compare to picture A .
(a)Changed : The method to plough
paddy field
(b)Measured: The amount of energy
used

50 ml
50 ml of
of oil water
Not rusty nail Rusty nail
Presence of
Changed:- water and air
Measured:- The rusting of nail
The type of nail //
Kept the The size of nail // The
same :- volume of liquid

a. In this experiment, state
Distance traveled by toy car Type of surface
i. what is changed:

ii. what is measured Type of toy car Distance traveled by toy car

Type of surface Type of toy car
iii. what is kept the same:

BAR CHART

Volume of water collected (ml) (WTO)

35
30 -

25
20
Ais
15
10
5
0
4 6 8 10 12 Number of ice cubes (WTC)

PICTURE / DIAGRAM

WTO

WTC

Rubber band Wooden block

Teknik b julai 2011

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