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P A G E
Chapter-heads I-5
CARO in nutshell I-27
1
INTRODUCTION
1.1
B a c k d r o p
3
1.2
I C A I ’ s G u i d a n c e o n r e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s o f C A R O
3
1.3
C A R O R e p o r t
4
1.4
C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a p p l i e s t o a u d i t r e p o r t s o f C o m p a n i e s ( e x c e p t t h o s e
s p e c i fi c a l l y e x e m p t e d ) f o r F . Y . 2 0 2 0 - 2 1 & s u b s e q u e n t F Y s
4
1.5
F e a t u r e s o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0
5
1.6
C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a p p l i c a b l e t o a l l c o m p a n i e s u n l e s s s p e c i fi c a l l y
e x e m p t e d
5
1.7
C A R O , 2 0 2 0 n o t a p p l i c a b l e t o a u d i t o r ’ s r e p o r t o n C F S e x c e p t
p a r a 3 (
xxi
) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0
6
1.8
S i n g l e c l a u s e C A R O r e p o r t a p p l i c a b l e t o c o n s o l i d a t e d fi n a n c i a l
s t a t e m e n t s
6
1.9
A u d i t o r r e q u i r e d t o r e p o r t o n l y o n m a t t e r s s p e c i fi e d i n P a r a s 3
a n d 4 o f t h e O r d e r a s a p p l i c a b l e t o t h e c o m p a n y
7
1.10
R e q u i r e m e n t s o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a r e s u p p l e m e n t a l t o t h e e x i s t i n g
p r o v i s i o n s o f s e c t i o n 1 4 3 o f t h e A c t
7
1.11
D i s t i n c t i o n b e t w e e n C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a n d s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 1 )
7
1.12
S u p p l e m e n t a l t o C o m p t r o l l e r a n d A u d i t o r G e n e r a l D i r e c t i o n s
8
1.13
G e n e r a l A u d i t A p p r o a c h t o C A R O , 2 0 2 0
8
1.13-1
P e r i o d o f c o m p l i a n c e
8
1.13-2
I n v e s t i g a t i o n n o t r e q u i r e d
9
	I-7
CONTENTS
P A G E
1.13-3
W o r k i n g P a p e r s
9
1.13-4
O b s e r v e C A R O , 2 0 2 0 i n l e t t e r a n d s p i r i t
9
1.13-5
C A R O , 2 0 2 0 i s n o t r e s t r i c t i v e o f a u d i t o r ’ s d u t i e s
9
1.13-6
E x e r c i s e o f j u d g m e n t
10
1.13-7
A v o i d c r i t i c i s i n g m a n a g e m e n t ’ s a c t i o n s b a s e d o n
“ h i n d s i g h t ”
10
2
APPLICABILITY OF CARO, 2020
2.1
E f f e c t i v e d a t e o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0
12
2.2
C o m p a n i e s t o w h i c h C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a p p l i e s
12
2.2-1
A p p l i e s t o f o r e i g n c o m p a n y
12
2.2-2
A p p l i c a b i l i t y o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 t o a u d i t o f b r a n c h e s o f a
c o m p a n y
14
2.3
E x e m p t i o n o f c o m p a n i e s f r o m C A R O , 2 0 2 0
15
2.3-1
C o m p a n y l i c e n s e d t o o p e r a t e u n d e r s e c t i o n 8 o f t h e A c t
17
2.3-2
D e fi n i t i o n o f ‘ O n e P e r s o n C o m p a n y ’ ( O P C )
17
2.3-3
S m a l l C o m p a n y
19
2.3-4
E x e m p t i o n t o p r i v a t e l i m i t e d c o m p a n i e s f r o m C A R O , 2 0 2 0
20
2.3-5
N o t a h o l d i n g C o . o r a s u b s i d i a r y o f a p u b l i c c o m p a n y
21
2.3-6
P a i d u p c a p i t a l p l u s r e s e r v e s a n d s u r p l u s s h o u l d n o t
e x c e e d R s . 1 c r o r e
22
2.3-7
T o t a l b o r r o w i n g s n o t e x c e e d i n g R s . 1 c r o r e f r o m a n y
b a n k o r F i n a n c i a l I n s t i t u t i o n [ p a r a 1 ( 2 ) (
iv
) ]
24
2.3-8
T o t a l r e v e n u e n o t e x c e e d i n g R s . 1 0 c r o r e
27
3
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
3.1
P r o p e r t y , p l a n t a n d e q u i p m e n t
35
3.1-1
P P E c o v e r s ‘ b e a r e r p l a n t s ’ a l s o
36
3.1-2
P P E a c q u i r e d u n d e r fi n a n c e / o p e r a t i n g l e a s e
36
3.1-3
I s p r o j e c t u n d e r s a l e P P E o r c u r r e n t a s s e t ?
36
3.2
R e p o r t i n g R e q u i r e m e n t s o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a s r e g a r d s P r o p e r t y ,
P l a n t a n d E q u i p m e n t ( P P E )
37
	
C O N T E N T S
	 I-8
P A G E
3.2-1
D o t h e s e r e q u i r e m e n t s a p p l y t o C W I P (
i.e.,
c a p i t a l w o r k -
i n - p r o g r e s s ) ?
37
3.2-2
I f a n y P P E i t e m h a s b e e n o b t a i n e d f r e e o f c o s t a s a
G o v e r n m e n t g r a n t , i n p a r a 3 (
i
) a p p l i c a b l e t o i t ?
37
3.3
“ P r o p e r R e c o r d s ” [ P a r a 3 (
i
) (
a
) (
A
) ]
37
3.3-1
P a r a 3 (
i
) (
a
) (
A
) o f t h e O r d e r d o e s n o t r e q u i r e t h e a u d i t o r
t o c o m m e n t o n r e c o r d s m a i n t a i n e d f o r i n t a n g i b l e a s s e t s
38
3.3-2
W h a t i s m e a n t b y ‘ p r o p e r r e c o r d s ’ ?
38
3.3-3
E l e c t r o n i c P P E r e g i s t e r - W h e t h e r p r o p e r r e c o r d s f o r
t h e p u r p o s e s o f P a r a 3 (
i
) (
a
) (
A
) o f t h e O r d e r
40
3.3-4
H o w t o e n t e r q u a n t i t a t i v e d e t a i l s i n P P E r e c o r d s
41
3.3-5
H o w t o e n t e r l o c a t i o n / s i t u a t i o n o f P P E i t e m s i n P P E
r e c o r d s
41
3.3-6
I s i t n e c e s s a r y t o e n t e r t h e r e l e v a n t p a r t i c u l a r s a s p e r
I n c o m e - t a x A c t , 1 9 6 1 i n t h e P P E r e g i s t e r ?
42
3.4
P h y s i c a l v e r i fi c a t i o n o f P P E i t e m s [ P a r a 3 (
i
) (
b
) ]
42
3.4-1
P h y s i c a l v e r i fi c a t i o n o f P P E i t e m s i s m a n a g e m e n t ’ s
r e s p o n s i b i l i t y , n o t a u d i t o r ’ s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y
42
3.4-2
A u d i t o r ’ s d u t i e s a s r e g a r d s p h y s i c a l v e r i fi c a t i o n o f P P E
c o n d u c t e d b y t h e m a n a g e m e n t - W h e t h e r h e s h o u l d
a t t e n d t h e p h y s i c a l v e r i fi c a t i o n ?
43
3.4-3
W h a t i s m e a n t b y ' r e a s o n a b l e i n t e r v a l s ' ?
45
3.5
M a t e r i a l d i s c r e p a n c i e s
45
3.5-1
W h e n c a n d i s c r e p a n c y b e r e g a r d e d a s ‘ m a t e r i a l ’ ?
46
3.6
R e v a l u a t i o n o f P P E b y t h e c o m p a n y [ P a r a 3 (
i
) (
d
) ]
47
3.6-1
A u d i t o r ’ s c o m m e n t r e q u i r e d o n l y i f c o m p a n y h a s
r e v a l u e d i t s P P E o r i n t a n g i b l e a s s e t s o r b o t h d u r i n g
t h e y e a r
47
3.6-2
I f n o r e v a l u a t i o n d u r i n g t h e y e a r , n o n e e d t o s t a t e t h a t
t h e r e h a s b e e n n o r e v a l u a t i o n o f P P E o r i n t a n g i b l e
a s s e t s o r b o t h
47
3.6-3
W h a t i s m e a n t b y r e v a l u a t i o n ?
47
3.6-4
R e g i s t e r e d V a l u e r
48
3.6-5
N e t c a r r y i n g v a l u e
51
3.6-6
R e v a l u a t i o n i s o p t i o n a l b u t i f d o n e i t m u s t c o m p l y w i t h
a c c o u n t i n g s t a n d a r d s
51
I-9	
C O N T E N T S
P A G E
3.6-7
P a r a 3 (
i
) (
d
) i s n e i t h e r e x h a u s t i v e o f a u d i t o r ’ s d u t i e s
n o r e x h a u s t i v e o f m a n a g e m e n t ’ s d u t i e s a s r e g a r d s
r e v a l u a t i o n
51
3.7
A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) (
i
) - E x i s t e n c e , a d e q u a c y a n d
o p e r a t i n g e f f e c t i v e n e s s o f i n t e r n a l fi n a n c i a l c o n t r o l s
58
3.8
A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) (
f
) - A d v e r s e e f f e c t o n t h e
f u n c t i o n i n g o f t h e c o m p a n y
59
3.9
A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) (
h
) - A n y q u a l i fi c a t i o n ,
r e s e r v a t i o n o r a d v e r s e r e m a r k r e l a t i n g t o a c c o u n t s
59
4
INTANGIBLE ASSETS
4.1
I n t a n g i b l e a s s e t s
61
4.1-1
A s s e t
62
4.1-2
M o n e t a r y A s s e t s
62
4.1-3
N o n - m o n e t a r y a s s e t s
62
4.2
R e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a s r e g a r d s i n t a n g i b l e
a s s e t s
62
4.3
P r o p e r r e c o r d s o f i n t a n g i b l e a s s e t s
62
4.3-1
F u l l p a r t i c u l a r s o f i n t a n g i b l e a s s e t s
64
4.3-2
E l e c t r o n i c i n t a n g i b l e a s s e t s r e g i s t e r - W h e t h e r p r o p e r
r e c o r d s f o r t h e p u r p o s e s o f P a r a 3 (
i
) (
a
) (
B
) o f t h e O r d e r
65
4.3-3
I s i t n e c e s s a r y t o e n t e r t h e r e l e v a n t p a r t i c u l a r s a s p e r
I n c o m e - t a x A c t , 1 9 6 1 i n t h e i n t a n g i b l e a s s e t s r e g i s t e r ?
67
4.4
R e v a l u a t i o n o f i n t a n g i b l e a s s e t s b y t h e c o m p a n y [ P a r a 3 (
i
) (
d
) ]
67
4.4-1
A u d i t o r ’ s c o m m e n t r e q u i r e d o n l y i f c o m p a n y h a s
r e v a l u e d i t s P P E o r i n t a n g i b l e a s s e t s o r b o t h d u r i n g
t h e y e a r
67
4.4-2
I f n o r e v a l u a t i o n d u r i n g t h e y e a r , n o n e e d t o s t a t e t h a t
t h e r e h a s b e e n n o r e v a l u a t i o n o f P P E o r i n t a n g i b l e
a s s e t s o r b o t h
68
4.4-3
W h a t i s m e a n t b y r e v a l u a t i o n ?
68
4.4-4
R e g i s t e r e d V a l u e r
68
4.4-5
N e t c a r r y i n g v a l u e
68
4.4-6
R e v a l u a t i o n i s o p t i o n a l b u t i f d o n e i t m u s t c o m p l y w i t h
a c c o u n t i n g s t a n d a r d s
69
	
C O N T E N T S
	 I-10
P A G E
4.4-7
P a r a 3 (
i
) (
d
) i s n e i t h e r e x h a u s t i v e o f a u d i t o r ’ s d u t i e s
n o r e x h a u s t i v e o f m a n a g e m e n t ’ s d u t i e s a s r e g a r d s
r e v a l u a t i o n
69
4.5
A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) (
i
) - E x i s t e n c e , a d e q u a c y a n d
o p e r a t i n g e f f e c t i v e n e s s o f i n t e r n a l fi n a n c i a l c o n t r o l s
72
4.6
A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) (
f
) - A d v e r s e e f f e c t o n t h e
f u n c t i o n i n g o f t h e c o m p a n y
73
4.7
A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) (
h
) - A n y q u a l i fi c a t i o n ,
r e s e r v a t i o n o r a d v e r s e r e m a r k r e l a t i n g t o a c c o u n t s
73
5
TITLE DEEDS OF ALL IMMOVABLE
PROPERTIES DISCLOSED IN ACCOUNTS
5.1
O b j e c t i v e s o f t h e R e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t
76
5.2
R e p o r t i n g R e q u i r e m e n t s o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a s r e g a r d s t i t l e D e e d s
o f I m m o v a b l e P r o p e r t i e s n o t i n C o m p a n y ’ s n a m e
77
5.3
W h e t h e r R e p o r t i n g R e q u i r e m e n t A p p l i e s o n l y t o i m m o v a b l e
P r o p e r t i e s I n c l u d e d i n A c c o u n t s a s P P E
78
5.4
I m m o v a b l e p r o p e r t y
78
5.5
T i t l e D e e d s
78
5.6
A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) (
i
) o f t h e A c t - E x i s t e n c e ,
a d e q u a c y a n d o p e r a t i n g e f f e c t i v e n e s s o f i n t e r n a l fi n a n c i a l
c o n t r o l s
79
6
PROCEEDINGS PENDING AGAINST
THE COMPANY FOR HOLDING BENAMI PROPERTY
6.1
R e p o r t i n g R e q u i r e m e n t s a s r e g a r d s p r o c e e d i n g s i n i t i a t e d /
p e n d i n g a g a i n s t t h e C o . f o r h o l d i n g
benami
p r o p e r t y
81
6.2
A n y
Benami
P r o p e r t y
81
6.2-1
D e fi n i t i o n o f “ P r o p e r t y ” [ S e c t i o n 2 (
26
) o f t h e P B P T A c t ]
81
6.2-2
M e a n i n g o f t h e w o r d “ a n y ” i n t h e e x p r e s s i o n “ a n y
p r o p e r t y ”
82
6.2-3
T h e d e fi n i t i o n o f “
benami
t r a n s a c t i o n ”
83
6.2-4
W h e t h e r t h e t e r m
“benami
p r o p e r t y ” c o v e r s o n l y
i m m o v a b l e p r o p e r t y ?
85
I-11	
C O N T E N T S
P A G E
6.3
A n y p r o c e e d i n g i n i t i a t e d / p e n d i n g a g a i n s t t h e C o . f o r h o l d i n g
benami
p r o p e r t y
86
6.4
A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) (
h
) - A n y q u a l i fi c a t i o n ,
R e s e r v a t i o n o r a d v e r s e r e m a r k r e l a t i n g t o a c c o u n t s
86
7
INVENTORY
7.1
R e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a s r e g a r d s i n v e n t o r y
89
7.1-1
W h e t h e r a s s e t s g i v e n u n d e r fi n a n c e l e a s e b y l e s s o r -
c o m p a n y w i l l b e c o v e r e d u n d e r p a r a 3 (
i
) ( P P E ) o r u n d e r
p a r a 3 (
ii
) (
a
) ( i n v e n t o r y ) ?
90
7.1-2
W h e t h e r a s s e t s g i v e n u n d e r o p e r a t i n g l e a s e a n d a s s e t s
t a k e n u n d e r fi n a n c e l e a s e w i l l b e c o v e r e d u n d e r p a r a
3 (
i
) ( P P E ) o r u n d e r p a r a 3 (
ii
) (
a
) ( i n v e n t o r y ) ?
90
7.2
M e a n i n g o f i n v e n t o r y
90
7.2-1
C a n i t b e s a i d t h a t p a r a 3 (
ii
) (
a
) w i l l n o t a p p l y t o i n v e n t o r i e s
o f c o n s t r u c t i o n c o m p a n i e s s i n c e t h e s e a r e i m m o v a b l e
(
e.g.,
fl a t s ) a n d h e n c e d o n o t r e q u i r e p h y s i c a l v e r i fi c a t i o n ?
91
7.3
P h y s i c a l v e r i fi c a t i o n b y M a n a g e m e n t
91
7.3-1
W h a t a b o u t i n v e n t o r i e s h e l d w i t h t h i r d p a r t i e s (
e.g.,c o n s i g n e e s , c u s t o m e r s o n s a l e o r r e t u r n b a s i s , b o u n d e d
w a r e h o u s e s ) ? I s a u d i t o r t o i n s i s t t h a t m a n a g e m e n t
p h y s i c a l l y v e r i f y t h e s e a l s o ?
91
7.3-2
A u d i t o r ’ s r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s w i t h r e f e r e n c e t o p h y s i c a l
s t o c k - t a k i n g c o n d u c t e d b y m a n a g e m e n t
92
7.4
R e a s o n a b l e I n t e r v a l s [ p a r a 3 (
ii
) (
a
) ]
93
7.5
A u d i t o r ’ s o p i n i o n o n t h e a p p r o p r i a t e n e s s o f t h e c o v e r a g e &
p r o c e d u r e o f v e r i fi c a t i o n
94
7.5-1
W h e r e d u e t o t h e n a t u r e o f t h e p r o d u c t i o n p r o c e s s /
i n d u s t r y , p h y s i c a l v e r i fi c a t i o n o f W I P i s i m p r a c t i c a b l e
95
7.6
A n y d i s c r e p a n c i e s o f 1 0 % o r m o r e i n t h e a g g r e g a t e f o r e a c h c l a s s
o f i n v e n t o r y n o t i c e d o n p h y s i c a l v e r i fi c a t i o n
95
7.6-1
D i s c r e p a n c y
95
7.6-2
E a c h c l a s s o f i n v e n t o r y
96
7.6-3
D e t e r m i n a t i o n o f d i s c r e p a n c i e s i n t h e a g g r e g a t e f o r e a c h
c l a s s o f i n v e n t o r y a n d r e p o r t i n g t h e r e o n i f i t i s 1 0 % o r
m o r e i n t h e a g g r e g a t e f o r t h a t c l a s s
96
	
C O N T E N T S
	 I-12
P A G E
7.7
A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) (
i
) - E x i s t e n c e , a d e q u a c y a n d
o p e r a t i n g e f f e c t i v e n e s s o f i n t e r n a l fi n a n c i a l c o n t r o l s
98
7.8
A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) (
f
) - A d v e r s e e f f e c t o n t h e
f u n c t i o n i n g o f t h e c o m p a n y
99
7.9
A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) (
h
) - A n y q u a l i fi c a t i o n ,
r e s e r v a t i o n o r a d v e r s e r e m a r k r e l a t i n g t o a c c o u n t s
99
8
QUARTERLY STATEMENTS SUBMITTED TO BANKS/
FIs BY COMPANIES ENJOYING SANCTIONED
WORKING CAPITAL LIMITS
8.1
R e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a s r e g a r d s q u a r t e r l y
s t a t e m e n t s s u b m i t t e d t o b a n k s / F I s b y c o m p a n i e s e n j o y i n g
w o r k i n g c a p i t a l l i m i t s
101
8.2
“ D u r i n g a n y p o i n t o f t i m e o f t h e y e a r ”
101
8.3
A u d i t o r ’ s d u t i e s w h e r e r e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t i s t r i g g e r e d
102
8.4
A u d i t o r ' s d u t y u / s 1 4 3 ( 3 ) (
f
) - O b s e r v a t i o n s o n f i n a n c i a l
t r a n s a c t i o n s / m a t t e r s t h a t h a v e a n y a d v e r s e e f f e c t o n t h e
f u n c t i o n i n g o f t h e c o m p a n y
102
9
LOANS OR ADVANCES IN THE NATURE OF LOANS
OR GUARANTEES OR SECURITY PROVIDED TO,
OR INVESTMENTS MADE IN, OTHER ENTITIES
9.1
R e p o r t i n g R e q u i r e m e n t s o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a s r e g a r d s l o a n s o r
a d v a n c e s i n t h e n a t u r e o f l o a n s o r g u a r a n t e e s o r s e c u r i t y p r o v i d e d
o r i n v e s t m e n t s m a d e
110
9.2
L o a n s , G u a r a n t e e s o r s e c u r i t i e s p r o v i d e d b y C o . W h o s e p r i n c i p a l
b u s i n e s s i s n o t m a k i n g l o a n s
111
9.2-1
S u b s i d i a r y
112
9.2-2
“ A s s o c i a t e C o m p a n y ” [ S e c t i o n 2 (
6
) ]
117
9.3
L o a n s
118
9.4
A d v a n c e s i n t h e n a t u r e o f l o a n s
118
9.4-1
S a l e a n d R e p u r c h a s e
119
I-13	
C O N T E N T S
P A G E
9.5
W h e t h e r t e r m s & c o n d i t i o n s o f l o a n s o r a d v a n c e s i n t h e n a t u r e
o f l o a n s a r e n o t p r e j u d i c i a l t o c o m p a n y
119
9.6
G u a r a n t e e
119
9.7
P r e j u d i c i a l i t y o f g u a r a n t e e o r s e c u r i t y p r o v i d e d
120
9.8
P r e j u d i c i a l i t y o f i n v e s t m e n t s m a d e
121
9.9
W h e t h e r r e p a y m e n t s c h e d u l e s t i p u l a t e d
121
9.10
R e g u l a r i t y o f r e p a y m e n t s o r r e c e i p t s
122
9.11
“ O v e r d u e ”
122
9.12
R e a s o n a b l e s t e p s f o r r e c o v e r y
123
9.12-1
W i l l t a k i n g p o s t - d a t e d c h e q u e s f r o m t h e d e f a u l t i n g p a r t y
a m o u n t t o ‘ r e a s o n a b l e s t e p s f o r r e c o v e r y ’ ?
125
9.12-2
I f t h e p o s t - d a t e d c h e q u e s t a k e n a r e h o n o u r e d b e f o r e
t h e d a t e o f i s s u e o f a u d i t r e p o r t , c a n t h e a u d i t o r r e g a r d
t h e t a k i n g o f p o s t - d a t e d c h e q u e s a s ‘ r e a s o n a b l e s t e p s ’
f o r r e c o v e r y ?
125
9.13
E v e r g r e e n i n g o f l o a n s t h a t h a v e f a l l e n d u e d u r i n g t h e y e a r
125
9.14
C o . h a s g r a n t e d l o a n s r e p a y a b l e o n d e m a n d o r w i t h o u t s p e c i f y i n g
t e r m s o f r e p a y m e n t
125
9.14-1
“ R e l a t e d P a r t y ” [ S e c t i o n 2 (
76
) ]
126
9.14-2
P r o m o t e r [ S e c t i o n 2 (
69
) ]
127
9.15
A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) (
f
) - O b s e r v a t i o n s o n fi n a n c i a l
t r a n s a c t i o n s w h i c h h a v e a n y a d v e r s e e f f e c t o n t h e f u n c t i o n i n g
o f t h e c o m p a n y
129
10
REPORTING ON COMPLIANCE WITH SECTIONS 185
AND 186 AS REGARDS LOANS, INVESTMENTS,
GUARANTEES AND SECURITIES
10.1
R e p o r t i n g R e q u i r e m e n t s u n d e r C A R O , 2 0 2 0 i n r e s p e c t o f
c o m p l i a n c e w i t h s e c t i o n s 1 8 5 a n d 1 8 6
130
10.2
I n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f r e q u i r e m e n t s
131
10.2-1
T r a n s a c t i o n s e x e m p t e d f r o m s e c t i o n 1 8 5 / 1 8 6 a n d n o t
r e q u i r e d t o b e r e p o r t e d u p o n b y a u d i t o r u n d e r P a r a 3 (
iv
)
131
10.3
B a n o n l o a n t o d i r e c t o r o r t o a n y o t h e r p e r s o n i n w h o m d i r e c t o r
i s i n t e r e s t e d [ S e c t i o n 1 8 5 ]
132
	
C O N T E N T S
	 I-14
P A G E
10.3-1
A n y o t h e r p e r s o n i n w h o m h e i s i n t e r e s t e d
133
10.3-2
E x c e p t i o n t o t h e p r o h i b i t i o n o n l o a n s / g u a r a n t e e s /
s e c u r i t y
133
10.3-3
D e fi n i t i o n o f ‘ l o a n ’
134
10.3-4
D i s t i n c t i o n b e t w e e n ‘ s a l a r y a d v a n c e ’ a n d ‘ l o a n ’
135
10.3-5
F i n a n c i a l a c c o m m o d a t i o n n o t a m o u n t i n g t o l o a n
136
10.3-6
I n d i r e c t l o a n
137
10.3-7
L e t t e r o f c o m f o r t - W h e t h e r g u a r a n t e e
137
10.4
L o a n a n d i n v e s t m e n t b y c o m p a n y [ S e c t i o n 1 8 6 ]
138
10.5
M a k i n g i n t e r - c o r p o r a t e i n v e s t m e n t s t h r o u g h i n v e s t m e n t
c o m p a n i e s [ S e c t i o n 1 8 6 ( 1 ) ]
138
10.5-1
I n v e s t m e n t c o m p a n y
139
10.6
R e s t r i c t i o n s o n l o a n s / i n v e s t m e n t s t r a n s a c t i o n s [ S e c t i o n 1 8 6 ( 2 ) /
( 3 ) / ( 5 ) ]
139
10.6-1
W h e t h e r s c o p e o f s e c t i o n 1 8 6 n o t l i m i t e d t o i n t e r -
c o r p o r a t e t r a n s a c t i o n s ?
140
10.6-2
d e fi n i t i o n o f “ l o a n ”
141
10.6-3
D i s t i n c t i o n b e t w e e n l o a n s a n d d e p o s i t s
142
10.6-4
“ D i r e c t l y o r I n d i r e c t l y ”
143
10.6-5
W h e t h e r s e c t i o n 1 8 6 a p p l i e s t o s e c t i o n 8 c o m p a n i e s
l i m i t e d b y g u a r a n t e e a n d h a v i n g n o s h a r e c a p i t a l
143
10.6-6
W h e t h e r s e c t i o n 1 8 6 i s a p p l i c a b l e t o a c o m p a n y w h i c h
i s a s u b s c r i b e r t o m e m o r a n d u m o f a s s o c i a t i o n
143
10.6-7
W h e t h e r p r o v i s i o n s o f s e c t i o n 1 8 6 a p p l i c a b l e t o
i n v e s t m e n t s i n t h e s h a r e s o f a n e w c o m p a n y
144
10.6-8
W h e t h e r p a r t n e r s ’ c a p i t a l c o n t r i b u t i o n i n L L P i s h i t b y
s e c t i o n 1 8 6
144
10.6-9
W h e t h e r l o a n t o L L P h i t b y s e c t i o n 1 8 6 ?
144
10.7
D i s c l o s u r e o f l o a n s i n fi n a n c i a l s t a t e m e n t s [ S e c t i o n 1 8 6 ( 4 ) ]
144
10.8
B e n c h m a r k l e n d i n g r a t e f o r l o a n s m a d e b y c o m p a n y [ S e c t i o n
1 8 6 ( 7 ) ]
144
10.9
C o m p a n i e s d e f a u l t i n g o n r e p a y m e n t o f d e p o s i t s b a r r e d f r o m
m a k i n g l o a n s , i n v e s t m e n t s o r g i v i n g g u a r a n t e e / s e c u r i t y [ S e c t i o n
1 8 6 ( 8 ) ]
145
10.10
R e g i s t e r o f l o a n s , i n v e s t m e n t s e t c . [ S e c t i o n 1 8 6 ( 9 ) / ( 1 0 ) ]
145
I-15	
C O N T E N T S
P A G E
10.11
R e s t r i c t i o n s o n a c c e p t a n c e o f i n t e r - c o r p o r a t e d e p o s i t s [ S e c t i o n
1 8 6 ( 6 ) ]
146
10.12
E x e m p t i o n f r o m s e c t i o n 1 8 6 [ S e c t i o n 1 8 6 ( 1 1 ) ]
146
10.12-1
I n f r a s t r u c t u r e f a c i l i t i e s
147
10.13
P o w e r o f C e n t r a l G o v e r n m e n t t o m a k e R u l e s [ S e c t i o n 1 8 6 ( 1 2 ) ]
149
10.14
A u d i t p r o c e d u r e s
149
10.14-1
A u d i t p r o c e d u r e s f o r v e r i f y i n g c o m p l i a n c e w i t h s e c t i o n
1 8 5
149
10.14-2
A u d i t p r o c e d u r e s f o r v e r i f y i n g c o m p l i a n c e w i t h t h e
p r o v i s i o n s o f s e c t i o n 1 8 6
150
11
ACCEPTANCE OF PUBLIC DEPOSITS AND
DEEMED DEPOSITS
11.1
R e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a 3 (
v
)
156
11.2
I n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s
156
11.2-1
A c c e p t a n c e o f d e p o s i t s
156
11.2-2
D e e m e d D e p o s i t s
162
11.2-3
C o m p l i a n c e w i t h R B I D i r e c t i v e s / s e c t i o n 7 3 / s e c t i o n 7 6 /
R u l e s
162
11.2-4
C o m p l i a n c e w i t h O r d e r o f C L B / N C L T / a n y C o u r t / o t h e r
T r i b u n a l
170
11.3
A u d i t P r o c e d u r e s - A u d i t o r ’ s C h e c k l i s t
171
11.4
D o c u m e n t a t i o n - W o r k i n g p a p e r s t o b e r e t a i n e d
173
11.5
S a m p l e D r a f t s o f C o m m e n t s u n d e r P a r a 3 (
v
)
173
12
MAINTENANCE OF COST RECORDS
12.1
R e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a 3 (
vi
)
175
12.2
I n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f r e q u i r e m e n t s
176
12.2-1
I f r e c o r d s n o t w r i t t e n u p o r i n c o m p l e t e
176
12.3
C o m p a n i e s o r c l a s s e s o f C o m p a n i e s o b l i g a t e d t o m a i n t a i n c o s t
r e c o r d s a s p e r p r e s c r i b e d R u l e s ( R u l e 3 )
176
	
C O N T E N T S
	 I-16
P A G E
12.3-1
M a i n t e n a n c e o f r e c o r d s
180
12.4
W h e t h e r P a r a 3 (
vi
) w o u l d a p p l y t o c o m p a n i e s f o r w h i c h c o s t
a u d i t h a s b e e n o r d e r e d u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 8 ?
181
12.5
W h e t h e r s t a t u t o r y a u d i t o r n e e d s t o c o n d u c t a d e t a i l e d a u d i t o f
c o s t r e c o r d s f o r t h e p u r p o s e s o f r e p o r t i n g u n d e r P a r a 3 (
vi
) o f
C A R O , 2 0 2 0 ?
181
12.6
A u d i t P r o c e d u r e s - A u d i t o r ’ s C h e c k l i s t
182
12.7
D o c u m e n t a t i o n A u d i t - W o r k i n g P a p e r s t o b e r e t a i n e d
182
12.8
S a m p l e D r a f t s o f C o m m e n t s u n d e r P a r a 3 (
vi
)
182
12.9
C o r p o r a t e p r a c t i c e s ( E x t r a c t s f r o m t h e A n n u a l R e p o r t s o f
C o m p a n i e s )
182
13
PAYMENT/NON-PAYMENT OF STATUTORY DUES
13.1
R e q u i r e m e n t s o f P a r a 3 (
vii
)
186
13.2
I n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f r e q u i r e m e n t s
187
13.2-1
R e g u l a r i t y i n d e p o s i t o f u n d i s p u t e d s t a t u t o r y d u e s [ p a r a
3 (
vii
) (
a
) ]
188
13.2-2
U n d i s p u t e d s t a t u t o r y d u e s
191
13.2-3
R e p o r t i n g t h e e x t e n t o f a r r e a r s [ p a r a 3 (
vii
) (
a
) ]
192
13.2-4
“ F r o m t h e d a t e t h e y b e c o m e p a y a b l e ”
192
13.2-5
S u b s e q u e n t c l e a r a n c e
192
13.2-6
S t a t e m e n t o f a r r e a r s o f s t a t u t o r y d u e s o u t s t a n d i n g f o r
m o r e t h a n s i x m o n t h s
192
13.2-7
R e p o r t i n g o f a m o u n t o f d i s p u t e d d u e s n o t d e p o s i t e d
[ p a r a 3 (
vii
) (
b
) ]
193
13.2-8
T a b u l a r f o r m a t f o r r e p o r t i n g d i s p u t e d s t a t u t o r y d u e s
196
13.2-9
R e q u i r e m e n t s o f s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 (
j
) a n d R u l e 1 1 (
a
)
197
13.3
A u d i t p r o c e d u r e s - A u d i t o r ’ s c h e c k l i s t
197
13.4
D o c u m e n t a t i o n - W o r k i n g p a p e r s t o b e r e t a i n e d
198
13.5
S a m p l e d r a f t s o f c o m m e n t s u n d e r p a r a 3 (
vii
)
198
13.6
C o r p o r a t e p r a c t i c e s ( e x t r a c t s f r o m A n n u a l R e p o r t s o f C o m p a n i e s )
198
13.7
A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) (
f
) - A d v e r s e e f f e c t o n t h e
f u n c t i o n i n g o f t h e c o m p a n y
199
I-17	
C O N T E N T S
P A G E
14
TRANSACTIONS NOT RECORDED IN THE BOOKS
AND SURRENDERED OR DISCLOSED AS
INCOME IN TAX ASSESSMENT
14.1
R e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a s r e g a r d s t r a n s a c t i o n s
n o t r e c o r d e d i n b o o k s a n d s u r r e n d e r e d o r d i s c l o s e d i n i n c o m e -
t a x a s s e s s m e n t
201
14.2
W h e t h e r s u r r e n d e r s o r d i s c l o s u r e s o f u n r e c o r d e d t r a n s a c t i o n s
i n s c h e m e s l i k e I D S , 2 0 1 6 a t t r a c t s r e p o r t i n g
201
14.3
P r o p e r l y r e c o r d e d i n b o o k s o f a c c o u n t
201
15
COMPANY DEFAULTS IN REPAYMENT OF LOANS/
OTHER BORROWINGS/IN PAYMENT OF INTEREST
TO ANY LENDER
15.1
I n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f r e q u i r e m e n t s
204
15.1-1
“ B o r r o w i n g s ” , “ l o a n s ” , “ d u e s ”
204
15.1-2
B a n k s
204
15.1-3
F i n a n c i a l I n s t i t u t i o n
204
15.1-4
G o v e r n m e n t
204
15.1-5
‘ D e f a u l t ’
204
15.1-6
R e p o r t i n g o n d e f a u l t s
205
15.2
W h e t h e r c o m p a n y h a s b e e n d e c l a r e d a w i l f u l d e f a u l t e r
206
15.3
A u d i t o r ’ s d u t i e s a s r e g a r d s r e p o r t i n g o n s t a t u s o f d e c l a r a t i o n o f
c o m p a n y a s a w i l f u l d e f a u l t e r
208
15.4
D e f a u l t s a n d d e c l a r a t i o n a s w i l f u l d e f a u l t e r t o b e f a c t o r e d i n w h i l e
r e p o r t i n g o n g o i n g c o n c e r n s t a t u s u n d e r p a r a 3 (
xix
) o f t h e o r d e r
208
15.5
A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) (
f
) - A d v e r s e e f f e c t o n t h e
f u n c t i o n i n g o f t h e c o m p a n y
209
Annex 15.1
M a s t e r C i r c u l a r D B R . N o . C I D . B C . 2 2 / 2 0 . 1 6 . 0 0 3 / 2 0 1 5 - 1 6 ,
d a t e d 1 - 7 - 2 0 1 5
210
16
END USE OF TERM LOANS
16.1
T e r m l o a n s
226
	
C O N T E N T S
	 I-18
P A G E
16.2
I n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a 3 (
ix
) (
a
)
226
16.3
T e m p o r a r y i n v e s t m e n t o f t e r m l o a n f u n d s p e n d i n g e n d - u s e
227
16.3-1
W h a t i f a t t h e b a l a n c e s h e e t d a t e , s o m e p a r t o f t h e t e r m
l o a n f u n d s a r e t e m p o r a r i l y i n v e s t e d p e n d i n g u t i l i s a t i o n
f o r s a n c t i o n e d p u r p o s e ?
227
16.4
A u d i t p r o c e d u r e s a s r e g a r d s u t i l i z a t i o n o f t e r m l o a n s
227
16.5
A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) (
f
) - A d v e r s e e f f e c t o n t h e
f u n c t i o n i n g o f t h e c o m p a n y
228
17
‘ASSET-LIABILITY MATURITY MISMATCH’ - USE OF
SHORT-TERM FUNDS FOR LONG-TERM PURPOSES
17.1
C o m p a r i s o n o f r e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s w i t h c o r r e s p o n d i n g
r e q u i r e m e n t s i n C A R O , 2 0 1 6
229
17.2
R e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a 3 (
ix
) (
d
)
229
17.3
L o n g - t e r m a p p l i c a t i o n s / s o u r c e s o f f u n d s
229
17.4
S h o r t - t e r m s o u r c e s o f f u n d s
230
17.5
S h o r t - t e r m a p p l i c a t i o n o f f u n d s
230
17.6
C o m p a r i s o n o f l o n g - t e r m s o u r c e s a n d l o n g - t e r m a p p l i c a t i o n
230
17.7
C o m p a n y ’ s s y s t e m o f f u n d s d e p l o y m e n t
231
17.8
N a t u r e o f a p p l i c a t i o n o f f u n d s
231
17.9
A u d i t P r o c e d u r e s - A u d i t o r ’ s C h e c k l i s t
232
17.10
D o c u m e n t a t i o n - W o r k i n g p a p e r s t o b e r e t a i n e d
233
17.11
S a m p l e d r a f t s o f c o m m e n t s u n d e r p a r a 3 (
ix
) (
d
)
233
18
FUNDS TAKEN FROM OTHER
ENTITIES BY COMPANY TO MEET OBLIGATIONS
OF SUBSIDIARIES, ASSOCIATES OR JVs
18.1
“ W h e t h e r t h e c o m p a n y h a s t a k e n a n y f u n d s f r o m a n y e n t i t y o r
p e r s o n ”
235
I-19	
C O N T E N T S
P A G E
19
WHETHER COMPANY HAS RAISED LOAN ON
PLEDGE OF SECURITIES IN SUBSIDIARIES,
ASSOCIATES OR JVs
19.1
R e p o r t i n g a s r e g a r d s l o a n s t a k e n b y p l e d g e o f s e c u r i t i e s h e l d i n
i t s s u b s i d i a r i e s / J V s / a s s o c i a t e c o m p a n i e s
237
20
END USE OF MONEYS RAISED BY WAY OF IPO/FPO
20.1
R e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t t r i g g e r e d o n l y i f I P O / F P O t a k e s p l a c e
d u r i n g t h e y e a r
239
20.2
I n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f r e q u i r e m e n t s
239
20.3
I n i t i a l P u b l i c O f f e r ( I P O )
240
20.4
F u r t h e r P u b l i c O f f e r
240
20.5
T e m p o r a r y i n v e s t m e n t o f m o n e y s r a i s e d b y I P O / F P O p e n d i n g
e n d u s e
240
20.6
A u d i t P r o c e d u r e s - A u d i t o r ’ s C h e c k l i s t
241
20.7
D o c u m e n t a t i o n - W o r k i n g p a p e r s t o b e r e t a i n e d
242
20.8
S a m p l e d r a f t s o f c o m m e n t s u n d e r p a r a 3 (
x
) (
a
)
242
20.9
C o r p o r a t e P r a c t i c e s ( E x t r a c t s f r o m t h e A n n u a l R e p o r t s o f
C o m p a n i e s )
242
20.10
A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) (
f
) - A d v e r s e e f f e c t o n t h e
f u n c t i o n i n g o f t h e c o m p a n y
242
21
PRIVATE PLACEMENT/PREFERENTIAL
ALLOTMENT OF SHARES/FCDs/PCDs/OCDs
21.1
R e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a 3 (
x
) (
b
) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0
244
21.2
I n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a 3 (
x
) (
b
)
244
21.3
R e q u i r e m e n t s o f s e c t i o n 4 2 r e g a r d i n g p r i v a t e p l a c e m e n t
246
21.3-1
E x t a n t p r o v i s i o n s
246
21.3-2
C o m m i t t e e ’ s R e c o m m e n d a t i o n s
246
21.3-3
N e w s u b s t i t u t e d p r o v i s i o n s o n p r i v a t e p l a c e m e n t
247
	
C O N T E N T S
	 I-20
P A G E
21.4
P r e f e r e n t i a l a l l o t m e n t o f s h a r e s
253
21.5
A u d i t P r o c e d u r e s
257
21.6
R e p o r t i n g o f n o n - c o m p l i a n c e s - F o r m a t f o r r e p o r t i n g
258
22
FRAUDS NOTICED/REPORTED
22.1
R e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s a s r e g a r d s f r a u d s n o t i c e d / r e p o r t e d
260
22.2
P a r a 3 (
xi
) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0
vis-a-vis
s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 1 2 )
260
22.2-1
F r a u d s i n t h e c o m p a n y b y i t s o f fi c e r s o r e m p l o y e e s
262
22.2-2
R e q u i r e m e n t s o f R u l e 1 3 o f t h e C o m p a n i e s ( A u d i t a n d
A u d i t o r s ) R u l e s , 2 0 1 4
263
22.2-3
I C A I ’ s C l a r i fi c a t i o n s a s r e g a r d s a u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r
s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 1 2 ) r e a d w i t h r u l e 1 3
264
22.2-4
D i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n t h e r e q u i r e m e n t o f C A R O a n d
s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 1 2 )
265
22.2-5
R e q u i r e m e n t s u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 1 2 ) a n d u n d e r C A R O ,
2 0 2 0 a r e n o t s u b s t i t u t e s o f o n e a n o t h e r
266
22.3
C o n c e p t o f f r a u d
266
22.4
“ N o t i c e d o r r e p o r t e d ”
269
22.5
C A R O , 2 0 2 0 d e a l s w i t h f r a u d r e p o r t i n g a n d n o t f r a u d d e t e c t i o n
270
22.6
W h e t h e r r e p o r t u n d e r f o r m A D T - 4 fi l e d b y a u d i t o r s
270
22.7
W h i s t l e b l o w e r c o m p l a i n t s
270
22.8
A u d i t P r o c e d u r e s - A u d i t o r ’ s C h e c k l i s t
272
22.9
A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) (
f
) - A d v e r s e e f f e c t o n t h e
f u n c t i o n i n g o f t h e c o m p a n y
272
22.10
A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) (
h
) - A n y q u a l i fi c a t i o n ,
r e s e r v a t i o n o r a d v e r s e r e m a r k r e l a t i n g t o a c c o u n t s
273
23
REPORTING OF COMPLIANCES BY NIDHI COMPANIES
23.1
R e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s a s r e g a r d s N i d h i c o m p a n i e s
275
23.2
D e fi n i t i o n o f N i d h i c o m p a n y
276
I-21	
C O N T E N T S
P A G E
23.3
N e t o w n e d f u n d s t o d e p o s i t l i a b i l i t y r a t i o o f 1 : 2 0
276
23.3.1
D e fi n i t i o n o f ‘ N e t O w n e d F u n d s ’
276
23.4
U n e n c u m b e r e d t e r m d e p o s i t s
278
23.5
D o c u m e n t a t i o n - A u d i t w o r k i n g p a p e r s t o b e r e t a i n e d
278
23.6
A u d i t o r ’ s c e r t i fi c a t e a s t o c o m p l i a n c e w i t h N i d h i R u l e s , 2 0 1 6
278
23.7
A u d i t p r o c e d u r e s
278
23.7-1
D i s t i n c t i o n b e t w e e n r e p o r t i n g u n d e r P a r a 3 (
xii
) o f C A R O ,
2 0 2 0 a n d c e r t i fi c a t i o n u n d e r R u l e 2 2
278
24
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
24.1
R e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a 3 (
xiii
)
281
24.2
D e fi n i t i o n o f ‘ r e l a t e d p a r t y ’
281
24.3
R e q u i r e m e n t s o f s e c t i o n 1 8 8 a s r e g a r d s a p p r o v a l s f o r r e l a t e d
p a r t y t r a n s a c t i o n s
282
24.4
R e q u i r e m e n t o f A u d i t C o m m i t t e e ’ s a p p r o v a l u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 7 7
285
24.5
A u d i t P r o c e d u r e s a n d R e p o r t i n g
287
25
INTERNAL AUDIT
25.1
R e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a s r e g a r d s i n t e r n a l a u d i t
s y s t e m
291
25.2
C o m p a n i e s f o r w h i c h h a v i n g a n i n t e r n a l a u d i t o r i s m a n d a t o r y
u / s 1 3 8 o f t h e A c t
291
25.3
F o r w h i c h c o m p a n i e s r e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t r e g a r d i n g i n t e r n a l
a u d i t s y s t e m i s a p p l i c a b l e
292
25.4
I f c o m p a n y i s l e g a l l y o b l i g a t e d t o h a v e a n i n t e r n a l a u d i t o r u / s
1 3 8 b u t d o e s n o t h a v e a n i n t e r n a l a u d i t o r
292
25.5
E v a l u a t i o n o f a d e q u a c y o f i n t e r n a l a u d i t s y s t e m w i t h r e f e r e n c e
t o s i z e a n d n a t u r e o f i t s b u s i n e s s
292
25.6
C o n s i d e r a t i o n o f r e p o r t s o f t h e i n t e r n a l a u d i t o r s f o r t h e p e r i o d
u n d e r a u d i t
293
	
C O N T E N T S
	 I-22
P A G E
26
NON-CASH TRANSACTIONS INVOLVING
DIRECTORS OR CONNECTED PERSONS
26.1
R e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a 3 (
xv
)
297
26.2
I n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a 3 (
xv
)
298
26.2-1
N o n - c a s h t r a n s a c t i o n
298
26.2-2
W h e t h e r a u d i t o r t o r e p o r t o n n o n - c a s h t r a n s a c t i o n s
e n t e r e d i n t o d u r i n g p r e c e d i n g fi n a n c i a l y e a r s ?
298
26.3
R e q u i r e m e n t s o f s e c t i o n 1 9 2 o f t h e C o m p a n i e s A c t , 2 0 1 3
299
26.3-1
“ P e r s o n c o n n e c t e d w i t h h i m ”
299
26.3-2
V a l u a t i o n o f a s s e t s b y r e g i s t e r e d v a l u e r
300
26.4
A u d i t p r o c e d u r e s / c h e c k l i s t
300
26.5
I s a u d i t o r r e q u i r e d t o m a k e a n y a d v e r s e c o m m e n t i f t h e r e i s
a d v e r s e v a r i a n c e b e t w e e n d e a l p r i c e a n d r e g i s t e r e d v a l u e r ’ s
v a l u a t i o n ?
300
26.6
S u g g e s t e d p a r a g r a p h o n r e p o r t i n g n o n - c o m p l i a n c e w i t h s e c t i o n
1 9 2
300
27
REGISTRATION OF NBFCs U/S 45-IA OF RBI ACT, 1934
27.1
R e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a 3 (
xvi
)
302
27.2
I n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a 3 (
xvi
) (
a
)
303
27.3
N o n - B a n k i n g F i n a n c i a l C o m p a n y
303
27.3-1
‘ F i n a n c i a l I n s t i t u t i o n ’
304
27.4
N B F C s e x e m p t e d b y R B I f r o m r e g i s t r a t i o n u n d e r C h a p t e r I I I - B
(
i.e.
u n d e r s e c t i o n 4 5 - I A )
305
27.5
C o r e I n v e s t m e n t C o m p a n y ( C I C )
308
27.5-1
“ S y s t e m i c a l l y i m p o r t a n t C o r e I n v e s t m e n t C o m p a n y
( C I C - N D - S I ) ”
309
27.6
R e g i s t r a t i o n o f C I C s
309
27.7
U n r e g i s t e r e d C I C o r C I C e x e m p t f r o m r e g i s t r a t i o n
309
27.8
G r o u p
310
I-23	
C O N T E N T S
P A G E
28
WHETHER COMPANY HAS INCURRED CASH LOSS
28.1
R e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a s r e g a r d s c a s h l o s s e s
311
28.2
R e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t a p p l i e s e v e n d u r i n g g e s t a t i o n p e r i o d
312
28.3
‘ C a s h L o s s ’
312
29
RESIGNATION OF STATUTORY AUDITORS
29.1
R e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 w i t h r e g a r d t o r e s i g n a t i o n
o f a u d i t o r
315
29.2
W h a t c o n s t i t u t e s ‘ r e s i g n a t i o n ’ ?
315
29.3
D u t i e s o f a u d i t o r w h o r e s i g n s
315
29.4
D u t i e s o f i n c o m i n g s t a t u t o r y a u d i t o r w h e n p r e d e c e s s o r a u d i t o r
h a s r e s i g n e d
316
29.5
C o n s i d e r a t i o n o f t h e i s s u e s , o b j e c t i o n s o r c o n c e r n s r a i s e d b y
t h e o u t g o i n g a u d i t o r s
316
30
MATERIAL GOING CONCERN UNCERTAINTY
30.1
R e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 w i t h r e s p e c t t o m a t e r i a l
g o i n g c o n c e r n u n c e r t a i n t y
318
30.2
A u d i t o r t o s t a t e h i s o p i n i o n o n g o i n g c o n c e r n s t a t u s i n a u d i t
r e p o r t o f e v e r y c o m p a n y t o w h i c h C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a p p l i e s
319
30.3
O p i n i o n o f n o m a t e r i a l u n c e r t a i n t y i n p a r a 3 (
xix
) i s n o t a g u a r a n t e e
a s t o g o i n g c o n c e r n s t a t u s o f C o .
319
30.4
A u d i t o r ’ s d u t i e s i f m a t e r i a l u n c e r t a i n t y e x i s t s
319
30.5
S t a n d a r d o f a u d i t i n g S A 5 7 0 g o i n g c o n c e r n
320
	
C O N T E N T S
	 I-24
P A G E
31
TRANSFER OF UNSPENT CSR FUNDS
31.1
R e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a s r e g a r d s u n s p e n t C S R
f u n d s a p p l i c a b l e o n l y t o c o m p a n i e s c o v e r e d b y s e c t i o n 1 3 5
328
31.2
R e p o r t i n g o n c o m p l i a n c e w i t h t h e s e c o n d p r o v i s o t o s e c t i o n
1 3 5 ( 5 ) - P a r a 3 (
xx
) (
a
)
328
31.3
R e p o r t i n g o n c o m p l i a n c e w i t h s e c t i o n 1 3 5 ( 6 ) a s r e g a r d s t r a n s f e r o f
u n s p e n t C S R a m o u n t r e l a t i n g t o o n g o i n g p r o j e c t s - P a r a 3 (
xx
) (
b
)
329
31.4
N o r e q u i r e m e n t u n d e r C A R O t o r e p o r t o n u t i l i s a t i o n o f a m o u n t
t r a n s f e r r e d t o s p e c i a l b a n k a c c o u n t w i t h i n 3 fi n a n c i a l y e a r s
329
32
QUALIFIED/ADVERSE REMARKS IN CARO REPORTS
OF COMPANIES INCLUDED IN CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
32.1
R e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a s r e g a r d s q u a l i fi e d /
a d v e r s e r e m a r k s i n C A R O r e p o r t s o f c o m p a n i e s i n c l u d e d i n
c o n s o l i d a t e d fi n a n c i a l s t a t e m e n t s
331
32.2
T h i s i s t h e o n l y C A R O r e q u i r e m e n t a p p l i c a b l e t o a u d i t r e p o r t s
o f c o n s o l i d a t e d fi n a n c i a l s t a t e m e n t s
331
32.3
C l a u s e a p p l i c a b l e t o a u d i t r e p o r t o n c o n s o l i d a t e d fi n a n c i a l
s t a t e m e n t s o n l y
331
33
REASONS TO BE STATED BY AUDITOR FOR QUALIFIED
OR ADVERSE REMARKS IN CARO REPORT
33.1
R e a s o n s t o b e s t a t e d f o r u n f a v o u r a b l e o r q u a l i fi e d a n s w e r s
[ P a r a 4 ( 1 ) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 ]
332
33.2
W h e r e a u d i t o r i s u n a b l e t o e x p r e s s o p i n i o n o n a n y m a t t e r , t h a t
f a c t a n d t h e r e a s o n s a r e a l s o t o b e s t a t e d [ P a r a 4 ( 2 ) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 ]
332
I-25	
C O N T E N T S
P A G E
APPENDICES
u COMPANIES (AUDITOR'S REPORT) ORDER, 2020 335
u COMPANIES (AUDITOR'S REPORT) ORDER, 2016 342
u COMPANIES (AUDITOR'S REPORT) ORDER, 2015 346
u COMPANIES (AUDITOR'S REPORT) ORDER, 2003 349
u RELEVANT PROVISION OF COMPANIES ACT, 2013 355
u MCA ORDER DATED 24-3-2020 359
	
C O N T E N T S
	 I-26
APPLICABILITY OF CARO, 2020
PARAS 1 AND 2 OF CARO, 2020
In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (11) of section
143 of the Companies Act, 2013 (18 of 2013 ) and in supersession
of the Companies (Auditor’s Report) Order, 2016, published in
the Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part II, Section 3, Sub-sec-
tion (ii), vide number S.O. 1228(E), dated the 29th March, 2016,
except as respects things done or omitted to be done before such
supersession,theCentralGovernment,afterconsultationwiththe
NationalFinancialReportingAuthorityconstitutedundersection
132 of the Companies Act, 2013, hereby makes the following
Order, namely:—
Short title, application and commencement
1. (1) This Order may be called the Companies (Auditor’s Report)
Order, 2020.
(2)Itshallapplytoeverycompanyincludingaforeigncompanyas
defined in clause (42) of section 2 of the Companies Act, 2013 (18
of 2013) [hereinafter referred to as the Companies Act], except—
	(i)	 a banking company as defined in clause (c) of section 5
of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (10 of 1949);
	(ii)	an insurance company as defined under the Insurance
Act,1938 (4 of 1938);
	(iii)	a company licensed to operate under section 8 of the
Companies Act;
	(iv)	 a One Person Company as defined in clause (62) of section
2 of the Companies Act and a small company as defined
in clause (85) of section 2 of the Companies Act; and
	(v)	a private limited company, not being a subsidiary or
holding company of a public company, having a paid up
capital and reserves and surplus not more than one crore
2
	11
rupees as on the balance sheet date and which does not
have total borrowings exceeding one crore rupees from
any bank or financial institution at any point of time
during the financial year and which does not have a total
revenue as disclosed in Scheduled III to the Companies
Act (including revenue from discontinuing operations)
exceeding ten crore rupees during the financial year as
per the financial statements.
(3) It shall come into force on the date of its publication in the
Official Gazette.
2.1 Effective date of CARO, 2020
E v e r y a u d i t o r ’ s r e p o r t o n t h e a c c o u n t o f e v e r y c o m p a n y a u d i t e d b y h i m
t o w h i c h t h i s O r d e r a p p l i e s ,
for financial years commencing on or after
1-4-2020
, s h a l l , i n a d d i t i o n c o n t a i n t h e m a t t e r s s p e c i fi e d i n p a r a g r a p h s 3
a n d 4 o f t h i s o r d e r , a s m a y b e a p p l i c a b l e .
T h e O r d e r s h a l l n o t a p p l y t o a u d i t o r ’ s r e p o r t o n c o n s o l i d a t e d fi n a n c i a l
s t a t e m e n t s e x c e p t c l a u s e (
xxi
) o f P a r a 3 . [
See para 1.7
a n d
para 1.8
]
B a s e d o n c l a r i fi c a t i o n s c o n t a i n e d i n I C A I ’ s G u i d a n c e N o t e o n C A R O , 2 0 2 0 ,
t h e f o l l o w i n g p o s i t i o n e m e r g e s :
	 	
T h e r e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 s h a l l b e a p p l i c a b l e f o r
t h e fi n a n c i a l y e a r 2 0 2 0 - 2 1 a n d o n w a r d s .
	 	
I f a u d i t o r i s r e q u i r e d t o r e p o r t o n t h e fi n a n c i a l s t a t e m e n t s f o r a n y
fi n a n c i a l y e a r p r i o r t o 2 0 2 0 - 2 1 , t h e a u d i t o r h a s t o c o m p l y w i t h t h e
r e l e v a n t e a r l i e r o r d e r - ( f o r e x a m p l e - C A R O , 2 0 1 6 f o r a u d i t r e p o r t s
o n fi n a n c i a l s t a t e m e n t s f o r 2 0 1 5 - 1 6 t o 2 0 1 9 - 2 0 ; C A R O , 2 0 1 5 f o r
2 0 1 4 - 1 5 ; C A R O , 2 0 0 3 f o r fi n a n c i a l y e a r s p r i o r t o 2 0 1 4 - 1 5 ) .
2.2 Companies to which CARO, 2020 applies
C A R O , 2 0 2 0 s h a l l a p p l y t o e v e r y c o m p a n y i n c l u d i n g a f o r e i g n c o m p a n y
a s d e fi n e d i n c l a u s e (
42
) o f s e c t i o n 2 o f t h e A c t e x c e p t t h o s e c a t e g o r i e s o f
C o m p a n i e s s p e c i fi c a l l y e x e m p t e d b y c l a u s e s (
i
) t o (
v
) o f p a r a 1 ( 2 ) [ P a r a 1 ( 2 )
o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 ] . F o r c o m p a n i e s s p e c i fi c a l l y e x e m p t e d f r o m C A R O , 2 0 2 0 ,
see para 2.3
.
2.2-1 Applies to foreign company
T h e o r d e r s h a l l a p p l y t o a f o r e i g n c o m p a n y a s d e fi n e d i n c l a u s e (
42
) o f
s e c t i o n 2 o f t h e A c t . [ P a r a 1 ( 2 ) o f t h e O r d e r ]
Para 2.2	
A P P L I C A B I L I T Y O F C A R O , 2 0 2 0
	 12
T h e f o l l o w i n g a r e t h e i n g r e d i e n t s o f d e fi n i t i o n o f ‘ f o r e i g n c o m p a n y ’ i n
s e c t i o n 2 (
42
) o f t h e A c t —
	 	
I t m u s t b e a c o m p a n y o r b o d y c o r p o r a t e ;
	 	
I t m u s t b e i n c o r p o r a t e d o u t s i d e I n d i a ;
	 	
I t m u s t h a v e a p l a c e o f b u s i n e s s i n I n d i a w h e t h e r b y i t s e l f o r t h r o u g h
a n a g e n t p h y s i c a l l y o r t h r o u g h e l e c t r o n i c m o d e ;
	 	
I t c o n d u c t s a n y b u s i n e s s a c t i v i t y i n I n d i a i n a n y o t h e r m a n n e r .
T h e d i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n t h e d e fi n i t i o n i n s e c t i o n 2 (
42
) o f t h e A c t a n d t h e
d e fi n i t i o n i n s e c t i o n 5 9 1 o f t h e C o m p a n i e s A c t , 1 9 5 6 ( “ t h e 1 9 5 6 A c t ” ) a r e
a s u n d e r :
	 	
U n l i k e t h e 1 9 5 6 A c t , u n d e r t h e A c t , b o d i e s c o r p o r a t e ( o t h e r t h a n
c o m p a n i e s ) i n c o r p o r a t e d o u t s i d e I n d i a ,
e.g.
, L i m i t e d L i a b i l i t y P a r t n e r
-s h i p s i n c o r p o r a t e d o u t s i d e I n d i a (
i.e.
f o r e i g n L L P s ) a r e a l s o f o r e i g n
c o m p a n i e s .
	 	
U n d e r t h e A c t , i t i s n o t s u f fi c i e n t t h a t t h e f o r e i g n c o m p a n y h a s a
p l a c e o f b u s i n e s s i n I n d i a . U n l i k e t h e 1 9 5 6 A c t , t h e A c t r e q u i r e s t h a t
t h e f o r e i g n c o m p a n y s h o u l d a l s o c o n d u c t a n y b u s i n e s s a c t i v i t y i n
I n d i a i n a n y o t h e r m a n n e r .
	 	
U n l i k e t h e 1 9 5 6 A c t , t h e A c t e n v i s a g e s t h a t t h e f o r e i g n c o m p a n y m a y
h a v e a p l a c e o f b u s i n e s s e i t h e r b y i t s e l f o r t h r o u g h a n a g e n t , p h y s i c a l l y
o r
through electronic mode
. T h e 1 9 5 6 A c t d i d n o t e n v i s a g e p r e s e n c e
i n I n d i a t h r o u g h e l e c t r o n i c m o d e .
T h u s , b o d i e s c o r p o r a t e ( o t h e r t h a n c o m p a n i e s ) i n c o r p o r a t e d o u t s i d e
I n d i a ,
e.g.
, L i m i t e d L i a b i l i t y P a r t n e r s h i p s i n c o r p o r a t e d o u t s i d e I n d i a (
i.e.f o r e i g n L L P s ) a r e a l s o f o r e i g n c o m p a n i e s . T h e O r d e r w o u l d a p p l y t o s u c h
b o d i e s c o r p o r a t e i n c o r p o r a t e d o u t s i d e I n d i a u n l e s s e x e m p t a s i n
Para 2.3
.
C A R O , 2 0 2 0 w o u l d a p p l y t o a f o r e i g n c o m p a n y w h e r e v e r u n d e r a n y p r o
-v i s i o n o f t h e A c t a n a u d i t u n d e r C h a p t e r X o f t h e A c t i s r e q u i r e d t o b e
c a r r i e d o u t . T h i s o p i n i o n i s b a s e d o n I C A I ’ s v i e w s e x p r e s s e d i n t h e c o n t e x t
o f s i m i l a r r e q u i r e m e n t i n P a r a 1 ( 2 ) o f C A R O , 2 0 1 6 .
2.2-1a Electronic mode
- R u l e 2 ( 1 ) (
h
) o f t h e
Companies (Specification of
Definitions Details) Rules, 2014
p r o v i d e s t h a t “ e l e c t r o n i c m o d e ” , f o r t h e
p u r p o s e s o f c l a u s e (
42
) o f s e c t i o n 2 o f t h e A c t , m e a n s c a r r y i n g o u t e l e c
-t r o n i c a l l y b a s e d , w h e t h e r m a i n s e r v e r i s i n s t a l l e d i n I n d i a o r n o t , i n c l u d i n g ,
b u t n o t l i m i t e d t o —
	
(
i
)
	
b u s i n e s s t o b u s i n e s s a n d b u s i n e s s t o c o n s u m e r t r a n s a c t i o n s , d a t a
i n t e r c h a n g e a n d o t h e r d i g i t a l s u p p l y t r a n s a c t i o n s ;
	
(
ii
)
	
o f f e r i n g t o a c c e p t d e p o s i t s o r i n v i t i n g d e p o s i t s o r a c c e p t i n g d e p o s i t s
o r s u b s c r i p t i o n s i n s e c u r i t i e s , i n I n d i a o r f r o m c i t i z e n s o f I n d i a ;
	
(
iii
)
	
fi n a n c i a l s e t t l e m e n t s , w e b b a s e d m a r k e t i n g , a d v i s o r y a n d t r a n s a c t i o n a l
s e r v i c e s , d a t a b a s e s e r v i c e s a n d p r o d u c t s , s u p p l y c h a i n m a n a g e m e n t ;
13	
C O M P A N I E S T O W H I C H C A R O , 2 0 2 0 A P P L I E S
	 Para 2.2
(
iv
)
	
o n l i n e s e r v i c e s s u c h a s t e l e m a r k e t i n g , t e l e c o m m u t i n g , t e l e m e d i c i n e ,
e d u c a t i o n a n d i n f o r m a t i o n r e s e a r c h ; a n d
	
(
v
)
	
a l l r e l a t e d d a t a c o m m u n i c a t i o n s e r v i c e s ,
w h e t h e r c o n d u c t e d b y e - m a i l , m o b i l e d e v i c e s , s o c i a l m e d i a , c l o u d c o m
-p u t i n g , d o c u m e n t m a n a g e m e n t , v o i c e o r d a t a t r a n s m i s s i o n o r o t h e r w i s e .
2.2-1b Carrying out business activity in India
- R u l e 3 o f t h e
Companies
(Registration Offices and Fees) Rules, 2014
p r o v i d e s t h a t e v e r y c o m p a n y
i n c l u d i n g f o r e i g n c o m p a n y w h i c h c a r r i e s o u t i t s b u s i n e s s t h r o u g h e l e c t r o n i c
m o d e , w h e t h e r i t s m a i n s e r v e r i s i n s t a l l e d i n I n d i a o r o u t s i d e I n d i a , w h i c h —
	
(
i
)
	
u n d e r t a k e s b u s i n e s s t o b u s i n e s s a n d b u s i n e s s t o c o n s u m e r t r a n s a c
-t i o n s , d a t a i n t e r c h a n g e o r o t h e r d i g i t a l s u p p l y t r a n s a c t i o n s ;
	
(
ii
)
	
o f f e r s t o a c c e p t d e p o s i t s o r i n v i t e s d e p o s i t s o r a c c e p t s d e p o s i t s o r
s u b s c r i p t i o n s i n s e c u r i t i e s , i n I n d i a o r f r o m c i t i z e n s o f I n d i a ;
	
(
iii
)
	
u n d e r t a k e s fi n a n c i a l s e t t l e m e n t s , w e b b a s e d m a r k e t i n g , a d v i s o r y a n d
t r a n s a c t i o n a l s e r v i c e s , d a t a b a s e s e r v i c e s o r p r o d u c t s , s u p p l y c h a i n
m a n a g e m e n t ;
	
(
iv
)
	
o f f e r s o n l i n e s e r v i c e s s u c h a s t e l e m a r k e t i n g , t e l e c o m m u t i n g , t e l e
-m e d i c i n e , e d u c a t i o n a n d i n f o r m a t i o n r e s e a r c h ; o r
	
(
v
)
	
u n d e r t a k e s a n y o t h e r r e l a t e d d a t a c o m m u n i c a t i o n s e r v i c e s ,
w h e t h e r c o n d u c t e d b y e - m a i l , m o b i l e d e v i c e s , s o c i a l m e d i a , c l o u d c o m p u t
-i n g , d o c u m e n t m a n a g e m e n t , v o i c e o r d a t a t r a n s m i s s i o n o r o t h e r w i s e , s h a l l
b e d e e m e d t o h a v e c a r r i e d o u t b u s i n e s s i n I n d i a .
2.2-1c Liaison Office of a foreign body corporate -
i s a f o r e i g n c o m p a n y .
H e n c e , t h e O r d e r w o u l d a p p l y t o i t . [ I C A I ’ s v i e w s g i v e n u n d e r C A R O , 2 0 0 3 ]
2.2-2 Applicability of CARO, 2020 to audit of branches of a company
I t m a y b e n o t e d t h a t a c c o r d i n g t o s e c t i o n 2 (
14
) , t h e t e r m “ b r a n c h o f fi c e ”
m e a n s a n y e s t a b l i s h m e n t d e s c r i b e d a s s u c h b y t h e c o m p a n y . T h u s , t h e 2 0 1 3
A c t l e a v e s i t t o t h e c o m p a n y t o d e s i g n a t e o r u n d e s i g n a t e a n y e s t a b l i s h m e n t
o f t h e c o m p a n y a s b r a n c h o f fi c e .
MCA’s Letter: No. 8/16(1)/61-PR, dated
9-5-1961,
i s s u e d u n d e r t h e 1 9 5 6 A c t p r o v i d e s t h a t i f a n e s t a b l i s h m e n t i s n o t
t h e b r a n c h o f fi c e o f a c o m p a n y , i t w i l l f o r m p a r t o f t h e h e a d o f fi c e a n d w i l l
b e d e a l t w i t h a s s u c h f o r a u d i t a n d o t h e r p u r p o s e s .
S e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 8 ) o f t h e A c t p r o v i d e s t h a t t h e d u t i e s a n d p o w e r s o f t h e b r a n c h
a u d i t o r , i f a n y , s h a l l b e s u c h a s m a y b e p r e s c r i b e d . R u l e 1 2 o f t h e
Companies
(Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014
p r o v i d e s a s u n d e r :
	
( 1 )
	
F o r t h e p u r p o s e s o f s u b - s e c t i o n ( 8 ) o f s e c t i o n 1 4 3 , t h e d u t i e s a n d
p o w e r s o f t h e c o m p a n y ’ s a u d i t o r w i t h r e f e r e n c e t o t h e a u d i t o f
t h e b r a n c h a n d t h e b r a n c h a u d i t o r , i f a n y , s h a l l b e a s c o n t a i n e d i n
s u b - s e c t i o n s ( 1 ) t o ( 4 ) o f s e c t i o n 1 4 3 . [ r u l e 1 2 ( 1 ) ]
Para 2.2	
A P P L I C A B I L I T Y O F C A R O , 2 0 2 0
	 14
( 2 )
	
T h e b r a n c h a u d i t o r s h a l l s u b m i t h i s r e p o r t t o t h e c o m p a n y ’ s a u d i t o r .
[ r u l e 1 2 ( 2 ) ]
	
( 3 )
	
T h e p r o v i s i o n s o f s u b - s e c t i o n ( 1 2 ) o f s e c t i o n 1 4 3 r e a d w i t h r u l e 1 2
(
sic :
R u l e 1 3 )
  
h e r e u n d e r r e g a r d i n g r e p o r t i n g o f f r a u d b y t h e a u d i t o r
s h a l l a l s o e x t e n d t o s u c h b r a n c h a u d i t o r t o t h e e x t e n t i t r e l a t e s t o t h e
c o n c e r n e d b r a n c h . [ r u l e 1 2 ( 3 ) ]
I t c a n b e s e e n f r o m R u l e 1 2 t h a t s u b - s e c t i o n s ( 1 ) t o ( 4 ) a n d s u b - s e c t i o n ( 1 2 )
o f s e c t i o n 1 4 3 h a v e b e e n e x p r e s s l y m a d e a p p l i c a b l e t o b r a n c h a u d i t o r s .
S u b - s e c t i o n ( 1 1 ) h a s n o t b e e n m a d e s o a p p l i c a b l e . T h e r e f o r e , i t a p p e a r s
t h a t C A R O , 2 0 2 0 w h i c h h a s b e e n i s s u e d b y t h e C e n t r a l G o v t . u n d e r s e c t i o n
1 4 3 ( 1 1 ) s h a l l n o t a p p l y t o a u d i t o f
  
b r a n c h e s o f a c o m p a n y .
  
P a r a 1 0 o f I C A I ’ s o f t h e G u i d a n c e N o t e o n C A R O , 2 0 1 6 h o w e v e r o p i n e s t h a t
t h e O r d e r s h a l l a l s o a p p l y t o t h e a u d i t s o f b r a n c h ( e s ) o f a c o m p a n y “ s i n c e
s u b - s e c t i o n ( 8 ) o f s e c t i o n 1 4 3 o f t h e A c t r e a d w i t h R u l e 1 2 o f t h e
Companies
(Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014 clearly specifies that a branch auditor has
the same duties in respect of audit as the company’s auditor
” . T h e r e f o r e ,
t h e r e p o r t s u b m i t t e d b y t h e b r a n c h a u d i t o r s h o u l d c o n t a i n a s t a t e m e n t o n
a l l t h e m a t t e r s s p e c i fi e d i n t h e O r d e r , a s a p p l i c a b l e t o t h e c o m p a n y , e x c e p t
w h e r e t h e c o m p a n y i s e x e m p t f r o m t h e a p p l i c a b i l i t y o f t h e O r d e r , t o e n a b l e
t h e c o m p a n y ’ s a u d i t o r t o c o n s i d e r t h e s a m e w h i l e c o m p l y i n g w i t h t h e p r o
-v i s i o n s o f t h e O r d e r . I t i s s u b m i t t e d w i t h g r e a t r e s p e c t t h a t t h e a b o v e v i e w
i n t h e G u i d a n c e N o t e n e e d s r e c o n s i d e r a t i o n . T h e “ b r a n c h a u d i t o r h a s t h e
s a m e d u t i e s … a s t h e c o m p a n y ’ s a u d i t o r ” i s t h e l e g a l p o s i t i o n e n u n c i a t e d
b y t h e C o m p a n i e s A c t , 1 9 5 6 i n s e c t i o n 2 2 8 ( 3 ) (
b
) a n d i s n o t c o n t a i n e d i n a n y
p r o v i s i o n i n t h e C o m p a n i e s A c t , 2 0 1 3 o r t h e r u l e s t h e r e u n d e r .
2.3 Exemption of companies from CARO, 2020
U n c o n d i t i o n a l e x e m p
-t i o n s [ P a r a 1 ( 2 ) (
i
) t o (
iv
)
o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 ]
C o n d i t i o n a l e x e m p t i o n t o
p r i v a t e l i m i t e d c o m p a n i e s
[ P a r a 1 ( 2 ) (
v
) o f C A R O ,
2 0 2 0 ]
C o m p a n i e s e x e m p t f r o m
C A R O , 2 0 2 0
C A R O , 2 0 2 0 d o e s n o t a p p l y t o —
	
(
i
)
	
a b a n k i n g c o m p a n y ; [ P a r a 1 ( 2 ) (
i
) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 ]
	
(
ii
)
	
a n i n s u r a n c e c o m p a n y ; [ P a r a 1 ( 2 ) (
ii
) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 ]
15	
E X E M P T I O N O F C O M P A N I E S F R O M C A R O , 2 0 2 0
	 Para 2.3
(
iii
)
	
a c o m p a n y l i c e n s e d t o o p e r a t e u n d e r s e c t i o n 8 o f t h e C o m p a n i e s A c t ;
[ P a r a 1 ( 2 ) (
iii
) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 ] [
Para 2.3-1
]
	
(
iv
)
	
a O n e P e r s o n C o m p a n y a s d e fi n e d u n d e r c l a u s e ( 6 2 ) o f s e c t i o n 2 o f
t h e C o m p a n i e s A c t [ P a r a 1 ( 2 ) (
iv
) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 ] [
Para 2.3-2
]
	
(
v
)
	
a s m a l l c o m p a n y a s d e fi n e d u n d e r c l a u s e ( 8 5 ) o f s e c t i o n 2 o f t h e
C o m p a n i e s A c t [ P a r a 1 ( 2 ) (
iv
) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 ] ; [
Para 2.3-3
] a n d
	
(
vi
)
	
a p r i v a t e l i m i t e d c o m p a n y w h i c h i s n e i t h e r a h o l d i n g c o m p a n y n o r a
s u b s i d i a r y o f a p u b l i c c o m p a n y w h i c h s a t i s fi e s s p e c i fi e d c o n d i t i o n s
[ P a r a 1 ( 2 ) (
v
) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 ] [
Paras 2.3-4
t o
2.3-8
]
I C A I h a d c l a r i fi e d t h a t C A R O , 2 0 0 3 i s n o t a p p l i c a b l e t o a n N B F C ( N o n - B a n k
-i n g F i n a n c i a l C o m p a n y ) w h i c h c o n v e r t s i t s e l f i n t o a b a n k i n g c o m p a n y a n d
i s a b a n k i n g c o m p a n y a s a t t h e b a l a n c e s h e e t d a t e . I t i s o p i n e d t h a t t h i s
c l a r i fi c a t i o n w o u l d h o l d g o o d u n d e r C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a l s o . P a r a 1 2 o f I C A I ’ s
G u i d a n c e N o t e o n C A R O , 2 0 1 6 c l a r i fi e s t h a t t h e a p p l i c a b i l i t y o f C A R O , 2 0 1 6
w o u l d d e p e n d o n t h e s t a t u s o f t h e c o m p a n y a s a t t h e b a l a n c e s h e e t d a t e .
T h i s c l a r i fi c a t i o n i n t h e c o n t e x t o f C A R O , 2 0 1 6 w o u l d h o l d g o o d u n d e r
C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a l s o a s p r o v i s i o n s o f p a r a 1 ( 2 ) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a r e s i m i l a r t o
P a r a 1 ( 2 ) o f C A R O , 2 0 1 6 .
B y w a y o f a n a l o g y , i t i s o p i n e d t h a t C A R O , 2 0 2 0 w o u l d n o t a p p l y t o a p r i v a t e
l i m i t e d c o m p a n y w h i c h c o n v e r t s i t s e l f t o a L i m i t e d L i a b i l i t y P a r t n e r s h i p
( L L P ) a n d i s a L L P a s a t t h e b a l a n c e s h e e t d a t e . T h i s w o u l d h o l d e q u a l l y
g o o d f o r a n u n l i s t e d p u b l i c c o m p a n y w h i c h c o n v e r t s i t s e l f i n t o a L L P a n d
i s a n L L P a s a t t h e b a l a n c e s h e e t d a t e .
T h e C o m p a n i e s m e n t i o n e d i n ( i ) t o ( v ) a b o v e a r e a b s o l u t e l y a n d u n c o n d i
-t i o n a l l y e x e m p t f r o m C A R O , 2 0 2 0 . I t d o e s n o t m a t t e r w h e t h e r a c o m p a n y
f a l l i n g u n d e r ( i ) t o ( v ) a b o v e i s a p u b l i c c o m p a n y o r a p r i v a t e c o m p a n y . B y
d e fi n i t i o n , a n O P C o r a s m a l l c o m p a n y c a n n o t b e a p u b l i c c o m p a n y . T h u s ,
a p u b l i c c o m p a n y w h i c h f a l l s u n d e r c a t e g o r i e s (
i
) t o (
iii
) a b o v e w o u l d b e
e x e m p t f r o m C A R O , 2 0 2 0 u n c o n d i t i o n a l l y .
F u r t h e r , a p r i v a t e l i m i t e d c o m p a n y w h i c h f a l l s i n a n y o f t h e c a t e g o r i e s
(
i
) t o (
v
) a b o v e w i l l b e e x e m p t r e g a r d l e s s o f w h e t h e r i t s a t i s fi e s t h e c o n
-d i t i o n s s p e c i fi e d f o r e x e m p t i o n i n P a r a 1 ( 2 ) (
v
) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 [
See Para
2.3-4
] F o r i n s t a n c e i f a p r i v a t e l i m i t e d c o m p a n y i s a n O P C o r a s m a l l
c o m p a n y o r a s e c t i o n 8 c o m p a n y , i t w o u l d b e e x e m p t f r o m C A R O , 2 0 2 0
i r r e s p e c t i v e o f w h e t h e r t h e c o n d i t i o n s s p e c i fi e d f o r e x e m p t i o n i n P a r a
1 ( 2 ) (
v
) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a r e s a t i s fi e d o r n o t . T h e G u i d a n c e N o t e o n C A R O ,
2 0 1 6 c l a r i fi e s t h a t a s m a l l c o m p a n y i s e x e m p t f r o m t h e a p p l i c a b i l i t y o f t h e
O r d e r e v e n i f i t f a l l s u n d e r a n y o f t h e c r i t e r i a (
i.e.
e x c e e d i n g a n y o f t h e
t h r e s h o l d l i m i t s s p e c i fi e d i n P a r a 1 ( 2 ) (
v
) o f t h e O r d e r ) s p e c i fi e d f o r p r i v a t e
c o m p a n y . F u r t h e r , a p r i v a t e u n l i m i t e d c o m p a n y s h a l l b e e x e m p t e d f r o m
Para 2.3	
A P P L I C A B I L I T Y O F C A R O , 2 0 2 0
	 16
C A R O , 2 0 2 0 o n l y i f i t f a l l s i n a n y o f t h e c a t e g o r i e s i n (
i
) t o (
v
) a b o v e . F o r
i n s t a n c e , a p r i v a t e u n l i m i t e d c o m p a n y w h i c h i s a ‘ s m a l l c o m p a n y ’ s h a l l b e
e x e m p t f r o m C A R O , 2 0 2 0 .
I n t h e c a s e o f c o m p a n i e s w h i c h a r e e x e m p t f r o m t h e O r d e r u n c o n d i t i o n
-a l l y
i.e.
, b a n k i n g c o m p a n i e s , i n s u r a n c e c o m p a n i e s , c o m p a n i e s l i c e n s e d t o
o p e r a t e u n d e r s e c t i o n 8 o f t h e C o m p a n i e s A c t , 2 0 1 3 , O P C s a n d s m a l l c o m
-p a n i e s , t h e r e i s n o n e e d t o m e n t i o n a n y t h i n g a b o u t t h e e x e m p t i o n i n t h e
a u d i t r e p o r t . H o w e v e r , i n t h e c a s e o f a p r i v a t e l i m i t e d c o m p a n y w h i c h i s
t r e a t e d a s e x e m p t b y v i r t u e o f c o m p l i a n c e w i t h c o n d i t i o n s i n p a r a 1 ( 2 ) (
v
)
o f t h e O r d e r , i t w o u l d b e a d v i s a b l e t o m e n t i o n i n t h e a u d i t r e p o r t t h a t t h e
c o m p a n y i s e x e m p t e d f r o m t h e a p p l i c a b i l i t y o f t h e O r d e r .
2.3-1 Company licensed to operate under section 8 of the Act
P a r a 1 ( 2 ) (
iii
) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 e x e m p t s c o m p a n i e s l i c e n s e d u n d e r s e c t i o n 8
o f t h e A c t f r o m t h e a p p l i c a b i l i t y o f t h e O r d e r . A q u e s t i o n a r i s e s w h e t h e r
c o m p a n i e s l i c e n s e d u n d e r t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g p r o v i s i o n s o f t h e C o m p a n i e s
A c t , 1 9 5 6 ( s e c t i o n 2 5 c o m p a n i e s ) w o u l d a l s o b e e x e m p t i n t e r m s o f P a r a
1 ( 2 ) (
iii
) ? S e c t i o n 4 6 5 ( 2 ) (
g
) o f t h e A c t p r o v i d e s t h a t n o t w i t h s t a n d i n g t h e
r e p e a l o f t h e C o m p a n i e s A c t , 1 9 5 6 , t h e i n c o r p o r a t i o n o f c o m p a n i e s r e g i s
-t e r e d u n d e r t h a t A c t “ s h a l l c o n t i n u e t o b e v a l i d a n d t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f t h i s
A c t s h a l l a p p l y t o s u c h c o m p a n i e s a s i f t h e y w e r e r e g i s t e r e d u n d e r t h i s
A c t ” . I n v i e w o f t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f s e c t i o n 4 6 5 o f t h e A c t , i t a p p e a r s t h a t t h e
e x e m p t i o n i n P a r a 1 ( 2 ) (
iii
) w o u l d a l s o a p p l y t o s e c t i o n 2 5 c o m p a n i e s . [
SeeP a r a 1 3 o f t h e G u i d a n c e N o t e ]
A q u e s t i o n a r i s e s w h a t i f c o m p a n y i s i n t o c h a r i t a b l e a c t i v i t i e s b u t w a s n o t
l i c e n s e d u n d e r s e c t i o n 8 o f t h e A c t b u t o b t a i n s s u c h l i c e n s e b e f o r e t h e
b a l a n c e s h e e t d a t e ? W o u l d s u c h c o m p a n y b e e x e m p t f r o m C A R O , 2 0 2 0
s i n c e i t i s a s e c t i o n 8 c o m p a n y a s a t t h e b a l a n c e s h e e t d a t e ? P a r a 1 2 o f t h e
G u i d a n c e N o t e c l a r i fi e s t h a t a p p l i c a b i l i t y o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 w o u l d d e p e n d o n
t h e s t a t u s o f t h e c o m p a n y a s t h e b a l a n c e s h e e t d a t e . I n v i e w o f t h i s , t h e
c o m p a n y w o u l d b e e x e m p t f r o m C A R O , 2 0 2 0 i n t e r m s o f P a r a 1 ( 2 ) (
iii
) o f
t h e O r d e r .
2.3-2 Definition of ‘One Person Company’ (OPC)
S e c t i o n 2 (
62
) o f t h e A c t d e fi n e s ‘ O n e P e r s o n C o m p a n y ’ t o m e a n a c o m p a n y
w i t h o n l y o n e p e r s o n a s i t s m e m b e r . ‘ O n e P e r s o n C o m p a n y ’ ( O P C ) i s n o t
t o b e c o n f u s e d w i t h ‘ O n e M a n C o m p a n i e s ’ . I n O P C , t h e s o l i t a r y m e m b e r
h o l d s 1 0 0 % o f t h e s h a r e c a p i t a l .
R u l e s 3 t o 6 o f t h e
Companies (Incorporation) Rules, 2014
, d e a l w i t h t h e
p r o c e d u r a l m a t t e r s . O n e p e r s o n c o m p a n y i s c a t e g o r i z e d a s a p r i v a t e
17	
E X E M P T I O N O F C O M P A N I E S F R O M C A R O , 2 0 2 0
	 Para 2.3
c o m p a n y b y s e c t i o n 3 ( 1 ) (
c
) o f t h e A c t w h i c h u s e s t h e w o r d s “ o n e p e r s o n ,
w h e r e t h e c o m p a n y t o b e f o r m e d i s a
One Person Company that is to
say, a private company
” . S e c t i o n 2 (
68
) o f t h e A c t w h i c h d e fi n e s a p r i v a t e
c o m p a n y r e q u i r e s t h a t t h e p r i v a t e c o m p a n y s h o u l d
inter alia
b y i t s a r
-t i c l e s “ e x c e p t i n t h e c a s e o f a O n e P e r s o n C o m p a n y ” l i m i t i t s n u m b e r o f
m e m b e r s t o 2 0 0 . I f O P C w a s n o t c o v e r e d b y d e fi n i t i o n o f p r i v a t e c o m p a n y ,
t h e r e w a s n o n e e d t o u s e t h e w o r d s “ e x c e p t i n t h e c a s e o f a O n e P e r s o n
C o m p a n y ” i n s e c t i o n 2 (
68
) o f t h e A c t . T h u s , i n v i e w o f s e c t i o n s 3 ( 1 ) (
c
) a n d
2 (
68
) o f t h e A c t , “ p r i v a t e c o m p a n y ” i s t h e
genus
a n d “ O P C ” i s a
‘species’
o f
p r i v a t e c o m p a n y . T h e r e f o r e , i t a p p e a r s t h a t O P C w i l l h a v e t o s a t i s f y t h e
r e q u i r e m e n t s o f s e c t i o n 2 (
68
) w h i c h a p p l i e s t o p r i v a t e c o m p a n i e s e x c e p t
t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s r e g a r d i n g n u m b e r o f m e m b e r s n o t e x c e e d i n g 2 0 0 . T h e
r e a s o n w h y O P C n e e d n o t l i m i t t h e m a x i m u m n u m b e r o f m e m b e r s t o 2 0 0
b y i t s a r t i c l e s i s t h a t i t w i l l n o t h a v e m o r e t h a n o n e m e m b e r .
R u l e 6 o f t h e
Companies (Incorporation) Rules, 2014
p r o v i d e s a s u n d e r :
	
1 .
	
W h e r e t h e p a i d u p s h a r e c a p i t a l o f a n O n e P e r s o n C o m p a n y e x c e e d s
fi f t y l a k h r u p e e s a n d i t s a v e r a g e a n n u a l t u r n o v e r d u r i n g t h e r e l e v a n t
p e r i o d e x c e e d s t w o c r o r e r u p e e s , i t s h a l l c e a s e t o b e e n t i t l e d t o c o n
-t i n u e a s a O n e P e r s o n C o m p a n y .
	
2 .
	
S u c h O n e P e r s o n C o m p a n y s h a l l b e r e q u i r e d t o c o n v e r t i t s e l f , w i t h i n
s i x m o n t h s o f t h e d a t e o n w h i c h i t s p a i d u p s h a r e c a p i t a l i s i n c r e a s e d
b e y o n d fi f t y l a k h r u p e e s o r t h e l a s t d a y o f t h e r e l e v a n t p e r i o d d u r i n g
w h i c h i t s a v e r a g e a n n u a l t u r n o v e r e x c e e d s t w o c r o r e r u p e e s a s t h e
c a s e m a y b e , i n t o e i t h e r a p r i v a t e c o m p a n y w i t h m i n i m u m o f t w o
m e m b e r s a n d t w o d i r e c t o r s o r a p u b l i c c o m p a n y w i t h a t l e a s t o f s e v e n
m e m b e r s a n d t h r e e d i r e c t o r s i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f
s e c t i o n 1 8 o f t h e A c t .
	
3 .
	
T h e O n e P e r s o n C o m p a n y s h a l l a l t e r i t s m e m o r a n d u m a n d a r t i c l e s
b y p a s s i n g a r e s o l u t i o n i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h s u b - s e c t i o n ( 3 ) o f s e c t i o n
1 2 2 o f t h e A c t t o g i v e e f f e c t t o t h e c o n v e r s i o n a n d t o m a k e n e c e s s a r y
c h a n g e s i n c i d e n t a l t h e r e t o .
	
4 .
	
T h e O n e P e r s o n C o m p a n y s h a l l w i t h i n p e r i o d o f s i x t y d a y s f r o m
t h e d a t e o f a p p l i c a b i l i t y o f ( 1 ) a b o v e , g i v e a n o t i c e t o t h e R e g i s t r a r
i n F o r m N o . I N C . 5 i n f o r m i n g t h a t i t h a s c e a s e d t o b e a O n e P e r s o n
C o m p a n y a n d t h a t i t i s n o w r e q u i r e d t o c o n v e r t i t s e l f i n t o a p r i v a t e
c o m p a n y o r a p u b l i c c o m p a n y b y v i r t u e o f i t s p a i d u p s h a r e c a p i t a l
o r a v e r a g e a n n u a l t u r n o v e r , h a v i n g e x c e e d e d t h e t h r e s h o l d l i m i t l a i d
d o w n i n ( 1 ) a b o v e .
		 Note :
“ R e l e v a n t p e r i o d ” m e a n s t h e p e r i o d o f i m m e d i a t e l y p r e c e d i n g
t h r e e c o n s e c u t i v e fi n a n c i a l y e a r s .
Para 2.3	
A P P L I C A B I L I T Y O F C A R O , 2 0 2 0
	 18
Taxmann's CARO 2020 | June 2020

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Taxmann's CARO 2020 | June 2020

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  • 2. P A G E Chapter-heads I-5 CARO in nutshell I-27 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 B a c k d r o p 3 1.2 I C A I ’ s G u i d a n c e o n r e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s o f C A R O 3 1.3 C A R O R e p o r t 4 1.4 C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a p p l i e s t o a u d i t r e p o r t s o f C o m p a n i e s ( e x c e p t t h o s e s p e c i fi c a l l y e x e m p t e d ) f o r F . Y . 2 0 2 0 - 2 1 & s u b s e q u e n t F Y s 4 1.5 F e a t u r e s o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 5 1.6 C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a p p l i c a b l e t o a l l c o m p a n i e s u n l e s s s p e c i fi c a l l y e x e m p t e d 5 1.7 C A R O , 2 0 2 0 n o t a p p l i c a b l e t o a u d i t o r ’ s r e p o r t o n C F S e x c e p t p a r a 3 ( xxi ) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 6 1.8 S i n g l e c l a u s e C A R O r e p o r t a p p l i c a b l e t o c o n s o l i d a t e d fi n a n c i a l s t a t e m e n t s 6 1.9 A u d i t o r r e q u i r e d t o r e p o r t o n l y o n m a t t e r s s p e c i fi e d i n P a r a s 3 a n d 4 o f t h e O r d e r a s a p p l i c a b l e t o t h e c o m p a n y 7 1.10 R e q u i r e m e n t s o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a r e s u p p l e m e n t a l t o t h e e x i s t i n g p r o v i s i o n s o f s e c t i o n 1 4 3 o f t h e A c t 7 1.11 D i s t i n c t i o n b e t w e e n C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a n d s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 1 ) 7 1.12 S u p p l e m e n t a l t o C o m p t r o l l e r a n d A u d i t o r G e n e r a l D i r e c t i o n s 8 1.13 G e n e r a l A u d i t A p p r o a c h t o C A R O , 2 0 2 0 8 1.13-1 P e r i o d o f c o m p l i a n c e 8 1.13-2 I n v e s t i g a t i o n n o t r e q u i r e d 9 I-7 CONTENTS
  • 3. P A G E 1.13-3 W o r k i n g P a p e r s 9 1.13-4 O b s e r v e C A R O , 2 0 2 0 i n l e t t e r a n d s p i r i t 9 1.13-5 C A R O , 2 0 2 0 i s n o t r e s t r i c t i v e o f a u d i t o r ’ s d u t i e s 9 1.13-6 E x e r c i s e o f j u d g m e n t 10 1.13-7 A v o i d c r i t i c i s i n g m a n a g e m e n t ’ s a c t i o n s b a s e d o n “ h i n d s i g h t ” 10 2 APPLICABILITY OF CARO, 2020 2.1 E f f e c t i v e d a t e o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 12 2.2 C o m p a n i e s t o w h i c h C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a p p l i e s 12 2.2-1 A p p l i e s t o f o r e i g n c o m p a n y 12 2.2-2 A p p l i c a b i l i t y o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 t o a u d i t o f b r a n c h e s o f a c o m p a n y 14 2.3 E x e m p t i o n o f c o m p a n i e s f r o m C A R O , 2 0 2 0 15 2.3-1 C o m p a n y l i c e n s e d t o o p e r a t e u n d e r s e c t i o n 8 o f t h e A c t 17 2.3-2 D e fi n i t i o n o f ‘ O n e P e r s o n C o m p a n y ’ ( O P C ) 17 2.3-3 S m a l l C o m p a n y 19 2.3-4 E x e m p t i o n t o p r i v a t e l i m i t e d c o m p a n i e s f r o m C A R O , 2 0 2 0 20 2.3-5 N o t a h o l d i n g C o . o r a s u b s i d i a r y o f a p u b l i c c o m p a n y 21 2.3-6 P a i d u p c a p i t a l p l u s r e s e r v e s a n d s u r p l u s s h o u l d n o t e x c e e d R s . 1 c r o r e 22 2.3-7 T o t a l b o r r o w i n g s n o t e x c e e d i n g R s . 1 c r o r e f r o m a n y b a n k o r F i n a n c i a l I n s t i t u t i o n [ p a r a 1 ( 2 ) ( iv ) ] 24 2.3-8 T o t a l r e v e n u e n o t e x c e e d i n g R s . 1 0 c r o r e 27 3 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 3.1 P r o p e r t y , p l a n t a n d e q u i p m e n t 35 3.1-1 P P E c o v e r s ‘ b e a r e r p l a n t s ’ a l s o 36 3.1-2 P P E a c q u i r e d u n d e r fi n a n c e / o p e r a t i n g l e a s e 36 3.1-3 I s p r o j e c t u n d e r s a l e P P E o r c u r r e n t a s s e t ? 36 3.2 R e p o r t i n g R e q u i r e m e n t s o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a s r e g a r d s P r o p e r t y , P l a n t a n d E q u i p m e n t ( P P E ) 37 C O N T E N T S I-8
  • 4. P A G E 3.2-1 D o t h e s e r e q u i r e m e n t s a p p l y t o C W I P ( i.e., c a p i t a l w o r k - i n - p r o g r e s s ) ? 37 3.2-2 I f a n y P P E i t e m h a s b e e n o b t a i n e d f r e e o f c o s t a s a G o v e r n m e n t g r a n t , i n p a r a 3 ( i ) a p p l i c a b l e t o i t ? 37 3.3 “ P r o p e r R e c o r d s ” [ P a r a 3 ( i ) ( a ) ( A ) ] 37 3.3-1 P a r a 3 ( i ) ( a ) ( A ) o f t h e O r d e r d o e s n o t r e q u i r e t h e a u d i t o r t o c o m m e n t o n r e c o r d s m a i n t a i n e d f o r i n t a n g i b l e a s s e t s 38 3.3-2 W h a t i s m e a n t b y ‘ p r o p e r r e c o r d s ’ ? 38 3.3-3 E l e c t r o n i c P P E r e g i s t e r - W h e t h e r p r o p e r r e c o r d s f o r t h e p u r p o s e s o f P a r a 3 ( i ) ( a ) ( A ) o f t h e O r d e r 40 3.3-4 H o w t o e n t e r q u a n t i t a t i v e d e t a i l s i n P P E r e c o r d s 41 3.3-5 H o w t o e n t e r l o c a t i o n / s i t u a t i o n o f P P E i t e m s i n P P E r e c o r d s 41 3.3-6 I s i t n e c e s s a r y t o e n t e r t h e r e l e v a n t p a r t i c u l a r s a s p e r I n c o m e - t a x A c t , 1 9 6 1 i n t h e P P E r e g i s t e r ? 42 3.4 P h y s i c a l v e r i fi c a t i o n o f P P E i t e m s [ P a r a 3 ( i ) ( b ) ] 42 3.4-1 P h y s i c a l v e r i fi c a t i o n o f P P E i t e m s i s m a n a g e m e n t ’ s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y , n o t a u d i t o r ’ s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y 42 3.4-2 A u d i t o r ’ s d u t i e s a s r e g a r d s p h y s i c a l v e r i fi c a t i o n o f P P E c o n d u c t e d b y t h e m a n a g e m e n t - W h e t h e r h e s h o u l d a t t e n d t h e p h y s i c a l v e r i fi c a t i o n ? 43 3.4-3 W h a t i s m e a n t b y ' r e a s o n a b l e i n t e r v a l s ' ? 45 3.5 M a t e r i a l d i s c r e p a n c i e s 45 3.5-1 W h e n c a n d i s c r e p a n c y b e r e g a r d e d a s ‘ m a t e r i a l ’ ? 46 3.6 R e v a l u a t i o n o f P P E b y t h e c o m p a n y [ P a r a 3 ( i ) ( d ) ] 47 3.6-1 A u d i t o r ’ s c o m m e n t r e q u i r e d o n l y i f c o m p a n y h a s r e v a l u e d i t s P P E o r i n t a n g i b l e a s s e t s o r b o t h d u r i n g t h e y e a r 47 3.6-2 I f n o r e v a l u a t i o n d u r i n g t h e y e a r , n o n e e d t o s t a t e t h a t t h e r e h a s b e e n n o r e v a l u a t i o n o f P P E o r i n t a n g i b l e a s s e t s o r b o t h 47 3.6-3 W h a t i s m e a n t b y r e v a l u a t i o n ? 47 3.6-4 R e g i s t e r e d V a l u e r 48 3.6-5 N e t c a r r y i n g v a l u e 51 3.6-6 R e v a l u a t i o n i s o p t i o n a l b u t i f d o n e i t m u s t c o m p l y w i t h a c c o u n t i n g s t a n d a r d s 51 I-9 C O N T E N T S
  • 5. P A G E 3.6-7 P a r a 3 ( i ) ( d ) i s n e i t h e r e x h a u s t i v e o f a u d i t o r ’ s d u t i e s n o r e x h a u s t i v e o f m a n a g e m e n t ’ s d u t i e s a s r e g a r d s r e v a l u a t i o n 51 3.7 A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) ( i ) - E x i s t e n c e , a d e q u a c y a n d o p e r a t i n g e f f e c t i v e n e s s o f i n t e r n a l fi n a n c i a l c o n t r o l s 58 3.8 A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) ( f ) - A d v e r s e e f f e c t o n t h e f u n c t i o n i n g o f t h e c o m p a n y 59 3.9 A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) ( h ) - A n y q u a l i fi c a t i o n , r e s e r v a t i o n o r a d v e r s e r e m a r k r e l a t i n g t o a c c o u n t s 59 4 INTANGIBLE ASSETS 4.1 I n t a n g i b l e a s s e t s 61 4.1-1 A s s e t 62 4.1-2 M o n e t a r y A s s e t s 62 4.1-3 N o n - m o n e t a r y a s s e t s 62 4.2 R e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a s r e g a r d s i n t a n g i b l e a s s e t s 62 4.3 P r o p e r r e c o r d s o f i n t a n g i b l e a s s e t s 62 4.3-1 F u l l p a r t i c u l a r s o f i n t a n g i b l e a s s e t s 64 4.3-2 E l e c t r o n i c i n t a n g i b l e a s s e t s r e g i s t e r - W h e t h e r p r o p e r r e c o r d s f o r t h e p u r p o s e s o f P a r a 3 ( i ) ( a ) ( B ) o f t h e O r d e r 65 4.3-3 I s i t n e c e s s a r y t o e n t e r t h e r e l e v a n t p a r t i c u l a r s a s p e r I n c o m e - t a x A c t , 1 9 6 1 i n t h e i n t a n g i b l e a s s e t s r e g i s t e r ? 67 4.4 R e v a l u a t i o n o f i n t a n g i b l e a s s e t s b y t h e c o m p a n y [ P a r a 3 ( i ) ( d ) ] 67 4.4-1 A u d i t o r ’ s c o m m e n t r e q u i r e d o n l y i f c o m p a n y h a s r e v a l u e d i t s P P E o r i n t a n g i b l e a s s e t s o r b o t h d u r i n g t h e y e a r 67 4.4-2 I f n o r e v a l u a t i o n d u r i n g t h e y e a r , n o n e e d t o s t a t e t h a t t h e r e h a s b e e n n o r e v a l u a t i o n o f P P E o r i n t a n g i b l e a s s e t s o r b o t h 68 4.4-3 W h a t i s m e a n t b y r e v a l u a t i o n ? 68 4.4-4 R e g i s t e r e d V a l u e r 68 4.4-5 N e t c a r r y i n g v a l u e 68 4.4-6 R e v a l u a t i o n i s o p t i o n a l b u t i f d o n e i t m u s t c o m p l y w i t h a c c o u n t i n g s t a n d a r d s 69 C O N T E N T S I-10
  • 6. P A G E 4.4-7 P a r a 3 ( i ) ( d ) i s n e i t h e r e x h a u s t i v e o f a u d i t o r ’ s d u t i e s n o r e x h a u s t i v e o f m a n a g e m e n t ’ s d u t i e s a s r e g a r d s r e v a l u a t i o n 69 4.5 A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) ( i ) - E x i s t e n c e , a d e q u a c y a n d o p e r a t i n g e f f e c t i v e n e s s o f i n t e r n a l fi n a n c i a l c o n t r o l s 72 4.6 A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) ( f ) - A d v e r s e e f f e c t o n t h e f u n c t i o n i n g o f t h e c o m p a n y 73 4.7 A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) ( h ) - A n y q u a l i fi c a t i o n , r e s e r v a t i o n o r a d v e r s e r e m a r k r e l a t i n g t o a c c o u n t s 73 5 TITLE DEEDS OF ALL IMMOVABLE PROPERTIES DISCLOSED IN ACCOUNTS 5.1 O b j e c t i v e s o f t h e R e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t 76 5.2 R e p o r t i n g R e q u i r e m e n t s o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a s r e g a r d s t i t l e D e e d s o f I m m o v a b l e P r o p e r t i e s n o t i n C o m p a n y ’ s n a m e 77 5.3 W h e t h e r R e p o r t i n g R e q u i r e m e n t A p p l i e s o n l y t o i m m o v a b l e P r o p e r t i e s I n c l u d e d i n A c c o u n t s a s P P E 78 5.4 I m m o v a b l e p r o p e r t y 78 5.5 T i t l e D e e d s 78 5.6 A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) ( i ) o f t h e A c t - E x i s t e n c e , a d e q u a c y a n d o p e r a t i n g e f f e c t i v e n e s s o f i n t e r n a l fi n a n c i a l c o n t r o l s 79 6 PROCEEDINGS PENDING AGAINST THE COMPANY FOR HOLDING BENAMI PROPERTY 6.1 R e p o r t i n g R e q u i r e m e n t s a s r e g a r d s p r o c e e d i n g s i n i t i a t e d / p e n d i n g a g a i n s t t h e C o . f o r h o l d i n g benami p r o p e r t y 81 6.2 A n y Benami P r o p e r t y 81 6.2-1 D e fi n i t i o n o f “ P r o p e r t y ” [ S e c t i o n 2 ( 26 ) o f t h e P B P T A c t ] 81 6.2-2 M e a n i n g o f t h e w o r d “ a n y ” i n t h e e x p r e s s i o n “ a n y p r o p e r t y ” 82 6.2-3 T h e d e fi n i t i o n o f “ benami t r a n s a c t i o n ” 83 6.2-4 W h e t h e r t h e t e r m “benami p r o p e r t y ” c o v e r s o n l y i m m o v a b l e p r o p e r t y ? 85 I-11 C O N T E N T S
  • 7. P A G E 6.3 A n y p r o c e e d i n g i n i t i a t e d / p e n d i n g a g a i n s t t h e C o . f o r h o l d i n g benami p r o p e r t y 86 6.4 A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) ( h ) - A n y q u a l i fi c a t i o n , R e s e r v a t i o n o r a d v e r s e r e m a r k r e l a t i n g t o a c c o u n t s 86 7 INVENTORY 7.1 R e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a s r e g a r d s i n v e n t o r y 89 7.1-1 W h e t h e r a s s e t s g i v e n u n d e r fi n a n c e l e a s e b y l e s s o r - c o m p a n y w i l l b e c o v e r e d u n d e r p a r a 3 ( i ) ( P P E ) o r u n d e r p a r a 3 ( ii ) ( a ) ( i n v e n t o r y ) ? 90 7.1-2 W h e t h e r a s s e t s g i v e n u n d e r o p e r a t i n g l e a s e a n d a s s e t s t a k e n u n d e r fi n a n c e l e a s e w i l l b e c o v e r e d u n d e r p a r a 3 ( i ) ( P P E ) o r u n d e r p a r a 3 ( ii ) ( a ) ( i n v e n t o r y ) ? 90 7.2 M e a n i n g o f i n v e n t o r y 90 7.2-1 C a n i t b e s a i d t h a t p a r a 3 ( ii ) ( a ) w i l l n o t a p p l y t o i n v e n t o r i e s o f c o n s t r u c t i o n c o m p a n i e s s i n c e t h e s e a r e i m m o v a b l e ( e.g., fl a t s ) a n d h e n c e d o n o t r e q u i r e p h y s i c a l v e r i fi c a t i o n ? 91 7.3 P h y s i c a l v e r i fi c a t i o n b y M a n a g e m e n t 91 7.3-1 W h a t a b o u t i n v e n t o r i e s h e l d w i t h t h i r d p a r t i e s ( e.g.,c o n s i g n e e s , c u s t o m e r s o n s a l e o r r e t u r n b a s i s , b o u n d e d w a r e h o u s e s ) ? I s a u d i t o r t o i n s i s t t h a t m a n a g e m e n t p h y s i c a l l y v e r i f y t h e s e a l s o ? 91 7.3-2 A u d i t o r ’ s r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s w i t h r e f e r e n c e t o p h y s i c a l s t o c k - t a k i n g c o n d u c t e d b y m a n a g e m e n t 92 7.4 R e a s o n a b l e I n t e r v a l s [ p a r a 3 ( ii ) ( a ) ] 93 7.5 A u d i t o r ’ s o p i n i o n o n t h e a p p r o p r i a t e n e s s o f t h e c o v e r a g e & p r o c e d u r e o f v e r i fi c a t i o n 94 7.5-1 W h e r e d u e t o t h e n a t u r e o f t h e p r o d u c t i o n p r o c e s s / i n d u s t r y , p h y s i c a l v e r i fi c a t i o n o f W I P i s i m p r a c t i c a b l e 95 7.6 A n y d i s c r e p a n c i e s o f 1 0 % o r m o r e i n t h e a g g r e g a t e f o r e a c h c l a s s o f i n v e n t o r y n o t i c e d o n p h y s i c a l v e r i fi c a t i o n 95 7.6-1 D i s c r e p a n c y 95 7.6-2 E a c h c l a s s o f i n v e n t o r y 96 7.6-3 D e t e r m i n a t i o n o f d i s c r e p a n c i e s i n t h e a g g r e g a t e f o r e a c h c l a s s o f i n v e n t o r y a n d r e p o r t i n g t h e r e o n i f i t i s 1 0 % o r m o r e i n t h e a g g r e g a t e f o r t h a t c l a s s 96 C O N T E N T S I-12
  • 8. P A G E 7.7 A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) ( i ) - E x i s t e n c e , a d e q u a c y a n d o p e r a t i n g e f f e c t i v e n e s s o f i n t e r n a l fi n a n c i a l c o n t r o l s 98 7.8 A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) ( f ) - A d v e r s e e f f e c t o n t h e f u n c t i o n i n g o f t h e c o m p a n y 99 7.9 A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) ( h ) - A n y q u a l i fi c a t i o n , r e s e r v a t i o n o r a d v e r s e r e m a r k r e l a t i n g t o a c c o u n t s 99 8 QUARTERLY STATEMENTS SUBMITTED TO BANKS/ FIs BY COMPANIES ENJOYING SANCTIONED WORKING CAPITAL LIMITS 8.1 R e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a s r e g a r d s q u a r t e r l y s t a t e m e n t s s u b m i t t e d t o b a n k s / F I s b y c o m p a n i e s e n j o y i n g w o r k i n g c a p i t a l l i m i t s 101 8.2 “ D u r i n g a n y p o i n t o f t i m e o f t h e y e a r ” 101 8.3 A u d i t o r ’ s d u t i e s w h e r e r e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t i s t r i g g e r e d 102 8.4 A u d i t o r ' s d u t y u / s 1 4 3 ( 3 ) ( f ) - O b s e r v a t i o n s o n f i n a n c i a l t r a n s a c t i o n s / m a t t e r s t h a t h a v e a n y a d v e r s e e f f e c t o n t h e f u n c t i o n i n g o f t h e c o m p a n y 102 9 LOANS OR ADVANCES IN THE NATURE OF LOANS OR GUARANTEES OR SECURITY PROVIDED TO, OR INVESTMENTS MADE IN, OTHER ENTITIES 9.1 R e p o r t i n g R e q u i r e m e n t s o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a s r e g a r d s l o a n s o r a d v a n c e s i n t h e n a t u r e o f l o a n s o r g u a r a n t e e s o r s e c u r i t y p r o v i d e d o r i n v e s t m e n t s m a d e 110 9.2 L o a n s , G u a r a n t e e s o r s e c u r i t i e s p r o v i d e d b y C o . W h o s e p r i n c i p a l b u s i n e s s i s n o t m a k i n g l o a n s 111 9.2-1 S u b s i d i a r y 112 9.2-2 “ A s s o c i a t e C o m p a n y ” [ S e c t i o n 2 ( 6 ) ] 117 9.3 L o a n s 118 9.4 A d v a n c e s i n t h e n a t u r e o f l o a n s 118 9.4-1 S a l e a n d R e p u r c h a s e 119 I-13 C O N T E N T S
  • 9. P A G E 9.5 W h e t h e r t e r m s & c o n d i t i o n s o f l o a n s o r a d v a n c e s i n t h e n a t u r e o f l o a n s a r e n o t p r e j u d i c i a l t o c o m p a n y 119 9.6 G u a r a n t e e 119 9.7 P r e j u d i c i a l i t y o f g u a r a n t e e o r s e c u r i t y p r o v i d e d 120 9.8 P r e j u d i c i a l i t y o f i n v e s t m e n t s m a d e 121 9.9 W h e t h e r r e p a y m e n t s c h e d u l e s t i p u l a t e d 121 9.10 R e g u l a r i t y o f r e p a y m e n t s o r r e c e i p t s 122 9.11 “ O v e r d u e ” 122 9.12 R e a s o n a b l e s t e p s f o r r e c o v e r y 123 9.12-1 W i l l t a k i n g p o s t - d a t e d c h e q u e s f r o m t h e d e f a u l t i n g p a r t y a m o u n t t o ‘ r e a s o n a b l e s t e p s f o r r e c o v e r y ’ ? 125 9.12-2 I f t h e p o s t - d a t e d c h e q u e s t a k e n a r e h o n o u r e d b e f o r e t h e d a t e o f i s s u e o f a u d i t r e p o r t , c a n t h e a u d i t o r r e g a r d t h e t a k i n g o f p o s t - d a t e d c h e q u e s a s ‘ r e a s o n a b l e s t e p s ’ f o r r e c o v e r y ? 125 9.13 E v e r g r e e n i n g o f l o a n s t h a t h a v e f a l l e n d u e d u r i n g t h e y e a r 125 9.14 C o . h a s g r a n t e d l o a n s r e p a y a b l e o n d e m a n d o r w i t h o u t s p e c i f y i n g t e r m s o f r e p a y m e n t 125 9.14-1 “ R e l a t e d P a r t y ” [ S e c t i o n 2 ( 76 ) ] 126 9.14-2 P r o m o t e r [ S e c t i o n 2 ( 69 ) ] 127 9.15 A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) ( f ) - O b s e r v a t i o n s o n fi n a n c i a l t r a n s a c t i o n s w h i c h h a v e a n y a d v e r s e e f f e c t o n t h e f u n c t i o n i n g o f t h e c o m p a n y 129 10 REPORTING ON COMPLIANCE WITH SECTIONS 185 AND 186 AS REGARDS LOANS, INVESTMENTS, GUARANTEES AND SECURITIES 10.1 R e p o r t i n g R e q u i r e m e n t s u n d e r C A R O , 2 0 2 0 i n r e s p e c t o f c o m p l i a n c e w i t h s e c t i o n s 1 8 5 a n d 1 8 6 130 10.2 I n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f r e q u i r e m e n t s 131 10.2-1 T r a n s a c t i o n s e x e m p t e d f r o m s e c t i o n 1 8 5 / 1 8 6 a n d n o t r e q u i r e d t o b e r e p o r t e d u p o n b y a u d i t o r u n d e r P a r a 3 ( iv ) 131 10.3 B a n o n l o a n t o d i r e c t o r o r t o a n y o t h e r p e r s o n i n w h o m d i r e c t o r i s i n t e r e s t e d [ S e c t i o n 1 8 5 ] 132 C O N T E N T S I-14
  • 10. P A G E 10.3-1 A n y o t h e r p e r s o n i n w h o m h e i s i n t e r e s t e d 133 10.3-2 E x c e p t i o n t o t h e p r o h i b i t i o n o n l o a n s / g u a r a n t e e s / s e c u r i t y 133 10.3-3 D e fi n i t i o n o f ‘ l o a n ’ 134 10.3-4 D i s t i n c t i o n b e t w e e n ‘ s a l a r y a d v a n c e ’ a n d ‘ l o a n ’ 135 10.3-5 F i n a n c i a l a c c o m m o d a t i o n n o t a m o u n t i n g t o l o a n 136 10.3-6 I n d i r e c t l o a n 137 10.3-7 L e t t e r o f c o m f o r t - W h e t h e r g u a r a n t e e 137 10.4 L o a n a n d i n v e s t m e n t b y c o m p a n y [ S e c t i o n 1 8 6 ] 138 10.5 M a k i n g i n t e r - c o r p o r a t e i n v e s t m e n t s t h r o u g h i n v e s t m e n t c o m p a n i e s [ S e c t i o n 1 8 6 ( 1 ) ] 138 10.5-1 I n v e s t m e n t c o m p a n y 139 10.6 R e s t r i c t i o n s o n l o a n s / i n v e s t m e n t s t r a n s a c t i o n s [ S e c t i o n 1 8 6 ( 2 ) / ( 3 ) / ( 5 ) ] 139 10.6-1 W h e t h e r s c o p e o f s e c t i o n 1 8 6 n o t l i m i t e d t o i n t e r - c o r p o r a t e t r a n s a c t i o n s ? 140 10.6-2 d e fi n i t i o n o f “ l o a n ” 141 10.6-3 D i s t i n c t i o n b e t w e e n l o a n s a n d d e p o s i t s 142 10.6-4 “ D i r e c t l y o r I n d i r e c t l y ” 143 10.6-5 W h e t h e r s e c t i o n 1 8 6 a p p l i e s t o s e c t i o n 8 c o m p a n i e s l i m i t e d b y g u a r a n t e e a n d h a v i n g n o s h a r e c a p i t a l 143 10.6-6 W h e t h e r s e c t i o n 1 8 6 i s a p p l i c a b l e t o a c o m p a n y w h i c h i s a s u b s c r i b e r t o m e m o r a n d u m o f a s s o c i a t i o n 143 10.6-7 W h e t h e r p r o v i s i o n s o f s e c t i o n 1 8 6 a p p l i c a b l e t o i n v e s t m e n t s i n t h e s h a r e s o f a n e w c o m p a n y 144 10.6-8 W h e t h e r p a r t n e r s ’ c a p i t a l c o n t r i b u t i o n i n L L P i s h i t b y s e c t i o n 1 8 6 144 10.6-9 W h e t h e r l o a n t o L L P h i t b y s e c t i o n 1 8 6 ? 144 10.7 D i s c l o s u r e o f l o a n s i n fi n a n c i a l s t a t e m e n t s [ S e c t i o n 1 8 6 ( 4 ) ] 144 10.8 B e n c h m a r k l e n d i n g r a t e f o r l o a n s m a d e b y c o m p a n y [ S e c t i o n 1 8 6 ( 7 ) ] 144 10.9 C o m p a n i e s d e f a u l t i n g o n r e p a y m e n t o f d e p o s i t s b a r r e d f r o m m a k i n g l o a n s , i n v e s t m e n t s o r g i v i n g g u a r a n t e e / s e c u r i t y [ S e c t i o n 1 8 6 ( 8 ) ] 145 10.10 R e g i s t e r o f l o a n s , i n v e s t m e n t s e t c . [ S e c t i o n 1 8 6 ( 9 ) / ( 1 0 ) ] 145 I-15 C O N T E N T S
  • 11. P A G E 10.11 R e s t r i c t i o n s o n a c c e p t a n c e o f i n t e r - c o r p o r a t e d e p o s i t s [ S e c t i o n 1 8 6 ( 6 ) ] 146 10.12 E x e m p t i o n f r o m s e c t i o n 1 8 6 [ S e c t i o n 1 8 6 ( 1 1 ) ] 146 10.12-1 I n f r a s t r u c t u r e f a c i l i t i e s 147 10.13 P o w e r o f C e n t r a l G o v e r n m e n t t o m a k e R u l e s [ S e c t i o n 1 8 6 ( 1 2 ) ] 149 10.14 A u d i t p r o c e d u r e s 149 10.14-1 A u d i t p r o c e d u r e s f o r v e r i f y i n g c o m p l i a n c e w i t h s e c t i o n 1 8 5 149 10.14-2 A u d i t p r o c e d u r e s f o r v e r i f y i n g c o m p l i a n c e w i t h t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f s e c t i o n 1 8 6 150 11 ACCEPTANCE OF PUBLIC DEPOSITS AND DEEMED DEPOSITS 11.1 R e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a 3 ( v ) 156 11.2 I n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s 156 11.2-1 A c c e p t a n c e o f d e p o s i t s 156 11.2-2 D e e m e d D e p o s i t s 162 11.2-3 C o m p l i a n c e w i t h R B I D i r e c t i v e s / s e c t i o n 7 3 / s e c t i o n 7 6 / R u l e s 162 11.2-4 C o m p l i a n c e w i t h O r d e r o f C L B / N C L T / a n y C o u r t / o t h e r T r i b u n a l 170 11.3 A u d i t P r o c e d u r e s - A u d i t o r ’ s C h e c k l i s t 171 11.4 D o c u m e n t a t i o n - W o r k i n g p a p e r s t o b e r e t a i n e d 173 11.5 S a m p l e D r a f t s o f C o m m e n t s u n d e r P a r a 3 ( v ) 173 12 MAINTENANCE OF COST RECORDS 12.1 R e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a 3 ( vi ) 175 12.2 I n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f r e q u i r e m e n t s 176 12.2-1 I f r e c o r d s n o t w r i t t e n u p o r i n c o m p l e t e 176 12.3 C o m p a n i e s o r c l a s s e s o f C o m p a n i e s o b l i g a t e d t o m a i n t a i n c o s t r e c o r d s a s p e r p r e s c r i b e d R u l e s ( R u l e 3 ) 176 C O N T E N T S I-16
  • 12. P A G E 12.3-1 M a i n t e n a n c e o f r e c o r d s 180 12.4 W h e t h e r P a r a 3 ( vi ) w o u l d a p p l y t o c o m p a n i e s f o r w h i c h c o s t a u d i t h a s b e e n o r d e r e d u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 8 ? 181 12.5 W h e t h e r s t a t u t o r y a u d i t o r n e e d s t o c o n d u c t a d e t a i l e d a u d i t o f c o s t r e c o r d s f o r t h e p u r p o s e s o f r e p o r t i n g u n d e r P a r a 3 ( vi ) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 ? 181 12.6 A u d i t P r o c e d u r e s - A u d i t o r ’ s C h e c k l i s t 182 12.7 D o c u m e n t a t i o n A u d i t - W o r k i n g P a p e r s t o b e r e t a i n e d 182 12.8 S a m p l e D r a f t s o f C o m m e n t s u n d e r P a r a 3 ( vi ) 182 12.9 C o r p o r a t e p r a c t i c e s ( E x t r a c t s f r o m t h e A n n u a l R e p o r t s o f C o m p a n i e s ) 182 13 PAYMENT/NON-PAYMENT OF STATUTORY DUES 13.1 R e q u i r e m e n t s o f P a r a 3 ( vii ) 186 13.2 I n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f r e q u i r e m e n t s 187 13.2-1 R e g u l a r i t y i n d e p o s i t o f u n d i s p u t e d s t a t u t o r y d u e s [ p a r a 3 ( vii ) ( a ) ] 188 13.2-2 U n d i s p u t e d s t a t u t o r y d u e s 191 13.2-3 R e p o r t i n g t h e e x t e n t o f a r r e a r s [ p a r a 3 ( vii ) ( a ) ] 192 13.2-4 “ F r o m t h e d a t e t h e y b e c o m e p a y a b l e ” 192 13.2-5 S u b s e q u e n t c l e a r a n c e 192 13.2-6 S t a t e m e n t o f a r r e a r s o f s t a t u t o r y d u e s o u t s t a n d i n g f o r m o r e t h a n s i x m o n t h s 192 13.2-7 R e p o r t i n g o f a m o u n t o f d i s p u t e d d u e s n o t d e p o s i t e d [ p a r a 3 ( vii ) ( b ) ] 193 13.2-8 T a b u l a r f o r m a t f o r r e p o r t i n g d i s p u t e d s t a t u t o r y d u e s 196 13.2-9 R e q u i r e m e n t s o f s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ( j ) a n d R u l e 1 1 ( a ) 197 13.3 A u d i t p r o c e d u r e s - A u d i t o r ’ s c h e c k l i s t 197 13.4 D o c u m e n t a t i o n - W o r k i n g p a p e r s t o b e r e t a i n e d 198 13.5 S a m p l e d r a f t s o f c o m m e n t s u n d e r p a r a 3 ( vii ) 198 13.6 C o r p o r a t e p r a c t i c e s ( e x t r a c t s f r o m A n n u a l R e p o r t s o f C o m p a n i e s ) 198 13.7 A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) ( f ) - A d v e r s e e f f e c t o n t h e f u n c t i o n i n g o f t h e c o m p a n y 199 I-17 C O N T E N T S
  • 13. P A G E 14 TRANSACTIONS NOT RECORDED IN THE BOOKS AND SURRENDERED OR DISCLOSED AS INCOME IN TAX ASSESSMENT 14.1 R e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a s r e g a r d s t r a n s a c t i o n s n o t r e c o r d e d i n b o o k s a n d s u r r e n d e r e d o r d i s c l o s e d i n i n c o m e - t a x a s s e s s m e n t 201 14.2 W h e t h e r s u r r e n d e r s o r d i s c l o s u r e s o f u n r e c o r d e d t r a n s a c t i o n s i n s c h e m e s l i k e I D S , 2 0 1 6 a t t r a c t s r e p o r t i n g 201 14.3 P r o p e r l y r e c o r d e d i n b o o k s o f a c c o u n t 201 15 COMPANY DEFAULTS IN REPAYMENT OF LOANS/ OTHER BORROWINGS/IN PAYMENT OF INTEREST TO ANY LENDER 15.1 I n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f r e q u i r e m e n t s 204 15.1-1 “ B o r r o w i n g s ” , “ l o a n s ” , “ d u e s ” 204 15.1-2 B a n k s 204 15.1-3 F i n a n c i a l I n s t i t u t i o n 204 15.1-4 G o v e r n m e n t 204 15.1-5 ‘ D e f a u l t ’ 204 15.1-6 R e p o r t i n g o n d e f a u l t s 205 15.2 W h e t h e r c o m p a n y h a s b e e n d e c l a r e d a w i l f u l d e f a u l t e r 206 15.3 A u d i t o r ’ s d u t i e s a s r e g a r d s r e p o r t i n g o n s t a t u s o f d e c l a r a t i o n o f c o m p a n y a s a w i l f u l d e f a u l t e r 208 15.4 D e f a u l t s a n d d e c l a r a t i o n a s w i l f u l d e f a u l t e r t o b e f a c t o r e d i n w h i l e r e p o r t i n g o n g o i n g c o n c e r n s t a t u s u n d e r p a r a 3 ( xix ) o f t h e o r d e r 208 15.5 A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) ( f ) - A d v e r s e e f f e c t o n t h e f u n c t i o n i n g o f t h e c o m p a n y 209 Annex 15.1 M a s t e r C i r c u l a r D B R . N o . C I D . B C . 2 2 / 2 0 . 1 6 . 0 0 3 / 2 0 1 5 - 1 6 , d a t e d 1 - 7 - 2 0 1 5 210 16 END USE OF TERM LOANS 16.1 T e r m l o a n s 226 C O N T E N T S I-18
  • 14. P A G E 16.2 I n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a 3 ( ix ) ( a ) 226 16.3 T e m p o r a r y i n v e s t m e n t o f t e r m l o a n f u n d s p e n d i n g e n d - u s e 227 16.3-1 W h a t i f a t t h e b a l a n c e s h e e t d a t e , s o m e p a r t o f t h e t e r m l o a n f u n d s a r e t e m p o r a r i l y i n v e s t e d p e n d i n g u t i l i s a t i o n f o r s a n c t i o n e d p u r p o s e ? 227 16.4 A u d i t p r o c e d u r e s a s r e g a r d s u t i l i z a t i o n o f t e r m l o a n s 227 16.5 A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) ( f ) - A d v e r s e e f f e c t o n t h e f u n c t i o n i n g o f t h e c o m p a n y 228 17 ‘ASSET-LIABILITY MATURITY MISMATCH’ - USE OF SHORT-TERM FUNDS FOR LONG-TERM PURPOSES 17.1 C o m p a r i s o n o f r e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s w i t h c o r r e s p o n d i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s i n C A R O , 2 0 1 6 229 17.2 R e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a 3 ( ix ) ( d ) 229 17.3 L o n g - t e r m a p p l i c a t i o n s / s o u r c e s o f f u n d s 229 17.4 S h o r t - t e r m s o u r c e s o f f u n d s 230 17.5 S h o r t - t e r m a p p l i c a t i o n o f f u n d s 230 17.6 C o m p a r i s o n o f l o n g - t e r m s o u r c e s a n d l o n g - t e r m a p p l i c a t i o n 230 17.7 C o m p a n y ’ s s y s t e m o f f u n d s d e p l o y m e n t 231 17.8 N a t u r e o f a p p l i c a t i o n o f f u n d s 231 17.9 A u d i t P r o c e d u r e s - A u d i t o r ’ s C h e c k l i s t 232 17.10 D o c u m e n t a t i o n - W o r k i n g p a p e r s t o b e r e t a i n e d 233 17.11 S a m p l e d r a f t s o f c o m m e n t s u n d e r p a r a 3 ( ix ) ( d ) 233 18 FUNDS TAKEN FROM OTHER ENTITIES BY COMPANY TO MEET OBLIGATIONS OF SUBSIDIARIES, ASSOCIATES OR JVs 18.1 “ W h e t h e r t h e c o m p a n y h a s t a k e n a n y f u n d s f r o m a n y e n t i t y o r p e r s o n ” 235 I-19 C O N T E N T S
  • 15. P A G E 19 WHETHER COMPANY HAS RAISED LOAN ON PLEDGE OF SECURITIES IN SUBSIDIARIES, ASSOCIATES OR JVs 19.1 R e p o r t i n g a s r e g a r d s l o a n s t a k e n b y p l e d g e o f s e c u r i t i e s h e l d i n i t s s u b s i d i a r i e s / J V s / a s s o c i a t e c o m p a n i e s 237 20 END USE OF MONEYS RAISED BY WAY OF IPO/FPO 20.1 R e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t t r i g g e r e d o n l y i f I P O / F P O t a k e s p l a c e d u r i n g t h e y e a r 239 20.2 I n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f r e q u i r e m e n t s 239 20.3 I n i t i a l P u b l i c O f f e r ( I P O ) 240 20.4 F u r t h e r P u b l i c O f f e r 240 20.5 T e m p o r a r y i n v e s t m e n t o f m o n e y s r a i s e d b y I P O / F P O p e n d i n g e n d u s e 240 20.6 A u d i t P r o c e d u r e s - A u d i t o r ’ s C h e c k l i s t 241 20.7 D o c u m e n t a t i o n - W o r k i n g p a p e r s t o b e r e t a i n e d 242 20.8 S a m p l e d r a f t s o f c o m m e n t s u n d e r p a r a 3 ( x ) ( a ) 242 20.9 C o r p o r a t e P r a c t i c e s ( E x t r a c t s f r o m t h e A n n u a l R e p o r t s o f C o m p a n i e s ) 242 20.10 A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) ( f ) - A d v e r s e e f f e c t o n t h e f u n c t i o n i n g o f t h e c o m p a n y 242 21 PRIVATE PLACEMENT/PREFERENTIAL ALLOTMENT OF SHARES/FCDs/PCDs/OCDs 21.1 R e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a 3 ( x ) ( b ) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 244 21.2 I n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a 3 ( x ) ( b ) 244 21.3 R e q u i r e m e n t s o f s e c t i o n 4 2 r e g a r d i n g p r i v a t e p l a c e m e n t 246 21.3-1 E x t a n t p r o v i s i o n s 246 21.3-2 C o m m i t t e e ’ s R e c o m m e n d a t i o n s 246 21.3-3 N e w s u b s t i t u t e d p r o v i s i o n s o n p r i v a t e p l a c e m e n t 247 C O N T E N T S I-20
  • 16. P A G E 21.4 P r e f e r e n t i a l a l l o t m e n t o f s h a r e s 253 21.5 A u d i t P r o c e d u r e s 257 21.6 R e p o r t i n g o f n o n - c o m p l i a n c e s - F o r m a t f o r r e p o r t i n g 258 22 FRAUDS NOTICED/REPORTED 22.1 R e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s a s r e g a r d s f r a u d s n o t i c e d / r e p o r t e d 260 22.2 P a r a 3 ( xi ) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 vis-a-vis s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 1 2 ) 260 22.2-1 F r a u d s i n t h e c o m p a n y b y i t s o f fi c e r s o r e m p l o y e e s 262 22.2-2 R e q u i r e m e n t s o f R u l e 1 3 o f t h e C o m p a n i e s ( A u d i t a n d A u d i t o r s ) R u l e s , 2 0 1 4 263 22.2-3 I C A I ’ s C l a r i fi c a t i o n s a s r e g a r d s a u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 1 2 ) r e a d w i t h r u l e 1 3 264 22.2-4 D i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n t h e r e q u i r e m e n t o f C A R O a n d s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 1 2 ) 265 22.2-5 R e q u i r e m e n t s u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 1 2 ) a n d u n d e r C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a r e n o t s u b s t i t u t e s o f o n e a n o t h e r 266 22.3 C o n c e p t o f f r a u d 266 22.4 “ N o t i c e d o r r e p o r t e d ” 269 22.5 C A R O , 2 0 2 0 d e a l s w i t h f r a u d r e p o r t i n g a n d n o t f r a u d d e t e c t i o n 270 22.6 W h e t h e r r e p o r t u n d e r f o r m A D T - 4 fi l e d b y a u d i t o r s 270 22.7 W h i s t l e b l o w e r c o m p l a i n t s 270 22.8 A u d i t P r o c e d u r e s - A u d i t o r ’ s C h e c k l i s t 272 22.9 A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) ( f ) - A d v e r s e e f f e c t o n t h e f u n c t i o n i n g o f t h e c o m p a n y 272 22.10 A u d i t o r ’ s d u t y u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 3 ) ( h ) - A n y q u a l i fi c a t i o n , r e s e r v a t i o n o r a d v e r s e r e m a r k r e l a t i n g t o a c c o u n t s 273 23 REPORTING OF COMPLIANCES BY NIDHI COMPANIES 23.1 R e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s a s r e g a r d s N i d h i c o m p a n i e s 275 23.2 D e fi n i t i o n o f N i d h i c o m p a n y 276 I-21 C O N T E N T S
  • 17. P A G E 23.3 N e t o w n e d f u n d s t o d e p o s i t l i a b i l i t y r a t i o o f 1 : 2 0 276 23.3.1 D e fi n i t i o n o f ‘ N e t O w n e d F u n d s ’ 276 23.4 U n e n c u m b e r e d t e r m d e p o s i t s 278 23.5 D o c u m e n t a t i o n - A u d i t w o r k i n g p a p e r s t o b e r e t a i n e d 278 23.6 A u d i t o r ’ s c e r t i fi c a t e a s t o c o m p l i a n c e w i t h N i d h i R u l e s , 2 0 1 6 278 23.7 A u d i t p r o c e d u r e s 278 23.7-1 D i s t i n c t i o n b e t w e e n r e p o r t i n g u n d e r P a r a 3 ( xii ) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a n d c e r t i fi c a t i o n u n d e r R u l e 2 2 278 24 RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 24.1 R e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a 3 ( xiii ) 281 24.2 D e fi n i t i o n o f ‘ r e l a t e d p a r t y ’ 281 24.3 R e q u i r e m e n t s o f s e c t i o n 1 8 8 a s r e g a r d s a p p r o v a l s f o r r e l a t e d p a r t y t r a n s a c t i o n s 282 24.4 R e q u i r e m e n t o f A u d i t C o m m i t t e e ’ s a p p r o v a l u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 7 7 285 24.5 A u d i t P r o c e d u r e s a n d R e p o r t i n g 287 25 INTERNAL AUDIT 25.1 R e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a s r e g a r d s i n t e r n a l a u d i t s y s t e m 291 25.2 C o m p a n i e s f o r w h i c h h a v i n g a n i n t e r n a l a u d i t o r i s m a n d a t o r y u / s 1 3 8 o f t h e A c t 291 25.3 F o r w h i c h c o m p a n i e s r e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t r e g a r d i n g i n t e r n a l a u d i t s y s t e m i s a p p l i c a b l e 292 25.4 I f c o m p a n y i s l e g a l l y o b l i g a t e d t o h a v e a n i n t e r n a l a u d i t o r u / s 1 3 8 b u t d o e s n o t h a v e a n i n t e r n a l a u d i t o r 292 25.5 E v a l u a t i o n o f a d e q u a c y o f i n t e r n a l a u d i t s y s t e m w i t h r e f e r e n c e t o s i z e a n d n a t u r e o f i t s b u s i n e s s 292 25.6 C o n s i d e r a t i o n o f r e p o r t s o f t h e i n t e r n a l a u d i t o r s f o r t h e p e r i o d u n d e r a u d i t 293 C O N T E N T S I-22
  • 18. P A G E 26 NON-CASH TRANSACTIONS INVOLVING DIRECTORS OR CONNECTED PERSONS 26.1 R e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a 3 ( xv ) 297 26.2 I n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a 3 ( xv ) 298 26.2-1 N o n - c a s h t r a n s a c t i o n 298 26.2-2 W h e t h e r a u d i t o r t o r e p o r t o n n o n - c a s h t r a n s a c t i o n s e n t e r e d i n t o d u r i n g p r e c e d i n g fi n a n c i a l y e a r s ? 298 26.3 R e q u i r e m e n t s o f s e c t i o n 1 9 2 o f t h e C o m p a n i e s A c t , 2 0 1 3 299 26.3-1 “ P e r s o n c o n n e c t e d w i t h h i m ” 299 26.3-2 V a l u a t i o n o f a s s e t s b y r e g i s t e r e d v a l u e r 300 26.4 A u d i t p r o c e d u r e s / c h e c k l i s t 300 26.5 I s a u d i t o r r e q u i r e d t o m a k e a n y a d v e r s e c o m m e n t i f t h e r e i s a d v e r s e v a r i a n c e b e t w e e n d e a l p r i c e a n d r e g i s t e r e d v a l u e r ’ s v a l u a t i o n ? 300 26.6 S u g g e s t e d p a r a g r a p h o n r e p o r t i n g n o n - c o m p l i a n c e w i t h s e c t i o n 1 9 2 300 27 REGISTRATION OF NBFCs U/S 45-IA OF RBI ACT, 1934 27.1 R e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a 3 ( xvi ) 302 27.2 I n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a 3 ( xvi ) ( a ) 303 27.3 N o n - B a n k i n g F i n a n c i a l C o m p a n y 303 27.3-1 ‘ F i n a n c i a l I n s t i t u t i o n ’ 304 27.4 N B F C s e x e m p t e d b y R B I f r o m r e g i s t r a t i o n u n d e r C h a p t e r I I I - B ( i.e. u n d e r s e c t i o n 4 5 - I A ) 305 27.5 C o r e I n v e s t m e n t C o m p a n y ( C I C ) 308 27.5-1 “ S y s t e m i c a l l y i m p o r t a n t C o r e I n v e s t m e n t C o m p a n y ( C I C - N D - S I ) ” 309 27.6 R e g i s t r a t i o n o f C I C s 309 27.7 U n r e g i s t e r e d C I C o r C I C e x e m p t f r o m r e g i s t r a t i o n 309 27.8 G r o u p 310 I-23 C O N T E N T S
  • 19. P A G E 28 WHETHER COMPANY HAS INCURRED CASH LOSS 28.1 R e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a s r e g a r d s c a s h l o s s e s 311 28.2 R e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t a p p l i e s e v e n d u r i n g g e s t a t i o n p e r i o d 312 28.3 ‘ C a s h L o s s ’ 312 29 RESIGNATION OF STATUTORY AUDITORS 29.1 R e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 w i t h r e g a r d t o r e s i g n a t i o n o f a u d i t o r 315 29.2 W h a t c o n s t i t u t e s ‘ r e s i g n a t i o n ’ ? 315 29.3 D u t i e s o f a u d i t o r w h o r e s i g n s 315 29.4 D u t i e s o f i n c o m i n g s t a t u t o r y a u d i t o r w h e n p r e d e c e s s o r a u d i t o r h a s r e s i g n e d 316 29.5 C o n s i d e r a t i o n o f t h e i s s u e s , o b j e c t i o n s o r c o n c e r n s r a i s e d b y t h e o u t g o i n g a u d i t o r s 316 30 MATERIAL GOING CONCERN UNCERTAINTY 30.1 R e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 w i t h r e s p e c t t o m a t e r i a l g o i n g c o n c e r n u n c e r t a i n t y 318 30.2 A u d i t o r t o s t a t e h i s o p i n i o n o n g o i n g c o n c e r n s t a t u s i n a u d i t r e p o r t o f e v e r y c o m p a n y t o w h i c h C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a p p l i e s 319 30.3 O p i n i o n o f n o m a t e r i a l u n c e r t a i n t y i n p a r a 3 ( xix ) i s n o t a g u a r a n t e e a s t o g o i n g c o n c e r n s t a t u s o f C o . 319 30.4 A u d i t o r ’ s d u t i e s i f m a t e r i a l u n c e r t a i n t y e x i s t s 319 30.5 S t a n d a r d o f a u d i t i n g S A 5 7 0 g o i n g c o n c e r n 320 C O N T E N T S I-24
  • 20. P A G E 31 TRANSFER OF UNSPENT CSR FUNDS 31.1 R e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a s r e g a r d s u n s p e n t C S R f u n d s a p p l i c a b l e o n l y t o c o m p a n i e s c o v e r e d b y s e c t i o n 1 3 5 328 31.2 R e p o r t i n g o n c o m p l i a n c e w i t h t h e s e c o n d p r o v i s o t o s e c t i o n 1 3 5 ( 5 ) - P a r a 3 ( xx ) ( a ) 328 31.3 R e p o r t i n g o n c o m p l i a n c e w i t h s e c t i o n 1 3 5 ( 6 ) a s r e g a r d s t r a n s f e r o f u n s p e n t C S R a m o u n t r e l a t i n g t o o n g o i n g p r o j e c t s - P a r a 3 ( xx ) ( b ) 329 31.4 N o r e q u i r e m e n t u n d e r C A R O t o r e p o r t o n u t i l i s a t i o n o f a m o u n t t r a n s f e r r e d t o s p e c i a l b a n k a c c o u n t w i t h i n 3 fi n a n c i a l y e a r s 329 32 QUALIFIED/ADVERSE REMARKS IN CARO REPORTS OF COMPANIES INCLUDED IN CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 32.1 R e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a s r e g a r d s q u a l i fi e d / a d v e r s e r e m a r k s i n C A R O r e p o r t s o f c o m p a n i e s i n c l u d e d i n c o n s o l i d a t e d fi n a n c i a l s t a t e m e n t s 331 32.2 T h i s i s t h e o n l y C A R O r e q u i r e m e n t a p p l i c a b l e t o a u d i t r e p o r t s o f c o n s o l i d a t e d fi n a n c i a l s t a t e m e n t s 331 32.3 C l a u s e a p p l i c a b l e t o a u d i t r e p o r t o n c o n s o l i d a t e d fi n a n c i a l s t a t e m e n t s o n l y 331 33 REASONS TO BE STATED BY AUDITOR FOR QUALIFIED OR ADVERSE REMARKS IN CARO REPORT 33.1 R e a s o n s t o b e s t a t e d f o r u n f a v o u r a b l e o r q u a l i fi e d a n s w e r s [ P a r a 4 ( 1 ) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 ] 332 33.2 W h e r e a u d i t o r i s u n a b l e t o e x p r e s s o p i n i o n o n a n y m a t t e r , t h a t f a c t a n d t h e r e a s o n s a r e a l s o t o b e s t a t e d [ P a r a 4 ( 2 ) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 ] 332 I-25 C O N T E N T S
  • 21. P A G E APPENDICES u COMPANIES (AUDITOR'S REPORT) ORDER, 2020 335 u COMPANIES (AUDITOR'S REPORT) ORDER, 2016 342 u COMPANIES (AUDITOR'S REPORT) ORDER, 2015 346 u COMPANIES (AUDITOR'S REPORT) ORDER, 2003 349 u RELEVANT PROVISION OF COMPANIES ACT, 2013 355 u MCA ORDER DATED 24-3-2020 359 C O N T E N T S I-26
  • 22. APPLICABILITY OF CARO, 2020 PARAS 1 AND 2 OF CARO, 2020 In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (11) of section 143 of the Companies Act, 2013 (18 of 2013 ) and in supersession of the Companies (Auditor’s Report) Order, 2016, published in the Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part II, Section 3, Sub-sec- tion (ii), vide number S.O. 1228(E), dated the 29th March, 2016, except as respects things done or omitted to be done before such supersession,theCentralGovernment,afterconsultationwiththe NationalFinancialReportingAuthorityconstitutedundersection 132 of the Companies Act, 2013, hereby makes the following Order, namely:— Short title, application and commencement 1. (1) This Order may be called the Companies (Auditor’s Report) Order, 2020. (2)Itshallapplytoeverycompanyincludingaforeigncompanyas defined in clause (42) of section 2 of the Companies Act, 2013 (18 of 2013) [hereinafter referred to as the Companies Act], except— (i) a banking company as defined in clause (c) of section 5 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (10 of 1949); (ii) an insurance company as defined under the Insurance Act,1938 (4 of 1938); (iii) a company licensed to operate under section 8 of the Companies Act; (iv) a One Person Company as defined in clause (62) of section 2 of the Companies Act and a small company as defined in clause (85) of section 2 of the Companies Act; and (v) a private limited company, not being a subsidiary or holding company of a public company, having a paid up capital and reserves and surplus not more than one crore 2 11
  • 23. rupees as on the balance sheet date and which does not have total borrowings exceeding one crore rupees from any bank or financial institution at any point of time during the financial year and which does not have a total revenue as disclosed in Scheduled III to the Companies Act (including revenue from discontinuing operations) exceeding ten crore rupees during the financial year as per the financial statements. (3) It shall come into force on the date of its publication in the Official Gazette. 2.1 Effective date of CARO, 2020 E v e r y a u d i t o r ’ s r e p o r t o n t h e a c c o u n t o f e v e r y c o m p a n y a u d i t e d b y h i m t o w h i c h t h i s O r d e r a p p l i e s , for financial years commencing on or after 1-4-2020 , s h a l l , i n a d d i t i o n c o n t a i n t h e m a t t e r s s p e c i fi e d i n p a r a g r a p h s 3 a n d 4 o f t h i s o r d e r , a s m a y b e a p p l i c a b l e . T h e O r d e r s h a l l n o t a p p l y t o a u d i t o r ’ s r e p o r t o n c o n s o l i d a t e d fi n a n c i a l s t a t e m e n t s e x c e p t c l a u s e ( xxi ) o f P a r a 3 . [ See para 1.7 a n d para 1.8 ] B a s e d o n c l a r i fi c a t i o n s c o n t a i n e d i n I C A I ’ s G u i d a n c e N o t e o n C A R O , 2 0 2 0 , t h e f o l l o w i n g p o s i t i o n e m e r g e s :  T h e r e p o r t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 s h a l l b e a p p l i c a b l e f o r t h e fi n a n c i a l y e a r 2 0 2 0 - 2 1 a n d o n w a r d s .  I f a u d i t o r i s r e q u i r e d t o r e p o r t o n t h e fi n a n c i a l s t a t e m e n t s f o r a n y fi n a n c i a l y e a r p r i o r t o 2 0 2 0 - 2 1 , t h e a u d i t o r h a s t o c o m p l y w i t h t h e r e l e v a n t e a r l i e r o r d e r - ( f o r e x a m p l e - C A R O , 2 0 1 6 f o r a u d i t r e p o r t s o n fi n a n c i a l s t a t e m e n t s f o r 2 0 1 5 - 1 6 t o 2 0 1 9 - 2 0 ; C A R O , 2 0 1 5 f o r 2 0 1 4 - 1 5 ; C A R O , 2 0 0 3 f o r fi n a n c i a l y e a r s p r i o r t o 2 0 1 4 - 1 5 ) . 2.2 Companies to which CARO, 2020 applies C A R O , 2 0 2 0 s h a l l a p p l y t o e v e r y c o m p a n y i n c l u d i n g a f o r e i g n c o m p a n y a s d e fi n e d i n c l a u s e ( 42 ) o f s e c t i o n 2 o f t h e A c t e x c e p t t h o s e c a t e g o r i e s o f C o m p a n i e s s p e c i fi c a l l y e x e m p t e d b y c l a u s e s ( i ) t o ( v ) o f p a r a 1 ( 2 ) [ P a r a 1 ( 2 ) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 ] . F o r c o m p a n i e s s p e c i fi c a l l y e x e m p t e d f r o m C A R O , 2 0 2 0 , see para 2.3 . 2.2-1 Applies to foreign company T h e o r d e r s h a l l a p p l y t o a f o r e i g n c o m p a n y a s d e fi n e d i n c l a u s e ( 42 ) o f s e c t i o n 2 o f t h e A c t . [ P a r a 1 ( 2 ) o f t h e O r d e r ] Para 2.2 A P P L I C A B I L I T Y O F C A R O , 2 0 2 0 12
  • 24. T h e f o l l o w i n g a r e t h e i n g r e d i e n t s o f d e fi n i t i o n o f ‘ f o r e i g n c o m p a n y ’ i n s e c t i o n 2 ( 42 ) o f t h e A c t —  I t m u s t b e a c o m p a n y o r b o d y c o r p o r a t e ;  I t m u s t b e i n c o r p o r a t e d o u t s i d e I n d i a ;  I t m u s t h a v e a p l a c e o f b u s i n e s s i n I n d i a w h e t h e r b y i t s e l f o r t h r o u g h a n a g e n t p h y s i c a l l y o r t h r o u g h e l e c t r o n i c m o d e ;  I t c o n d u c t s a n y b u s i n e s s a c t i v i t y i n I n d i a i n a n y o t h e r m a n n e r . T h e d i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n t h e d e fi n i t i o n i n s e c t i o n 2 ( 42 ) o f t h e A c t a n d t h e d e fi n i t i o n i n s e c t i o n 5 9 1 o f t h e C o m p a n i e s A c t , 1 9 5 6 ( “ t h e 1 9 5 6 A c t ” ) a r e a s u n d e r :  U n l i k e t h e 1 9 5 6 A c t , u n d e r t h e A c t , b o d i e s c o r p o r a t e ( o t h e r t h a n c o m p a n i e s ) i n c o r p o r a t e d o u t s i d e I n d i a , e.g. , L i m i t e d L i a b i l i t y P a r t n e r -s h i p s i n c o r p o r a t e d o u t s i d e I n d i a ( i.e. f o r e i g n L L P s ) a r e a l s o f o r e i g n c o m p a n i e s .  U n d e r t h e A c t , i t i s n o t s u f fi c i e n t t h a t t h e f o r e i g n c o m p a n y h a s a p l a c e o f b u s i n e s s i n I n d i a . U n l i k e t h e 1 9 5 6 A c t , t h e A c t r e q u i r e s t h a t t h e f o r e i g n c o m p a n y s h o u l d a l s o c o n d u c t a n y b u s i n e s s a c t i v i t y i n I n d i a i n a n y o t h e r m a n n e r .  U n l i k e t h e 1 9 5 6 A c t , t h e A c t e n v i s a g e s t h a t t h e f o r e i g n c o m p a n y m a y h a v e a p l a c e o f b u s i n e s s e i t h e r b y i t s e l f o r t h r o u g h a n a g e n t , p h y s i c a l l y o r through electronic mode . T h e 1 9 5 6 A c t d i d n o t e n v i s a g e p r e s e n c e i n I n d i a t h r o u g h e l e c t r o n i c m o d e . T h u s , b o d i e s c o r p o r a t e ( o t h e r t h a n c o m p a n i e s ) i n c o r p o r a t e d o u t s i d e I n d i a , e.g. , L i m i t e d L i a b i l i t y P a r t n e r s h i p s i n c o r p o r a t e d o u t s i d e I n d i a ( i.e.f o r e i g n L L P s ) a r e a l s o f o r e i g n c o m p a n i e s . T h e O r d e r w o u l d a p p l y t o s u c h b o d i e s c o r p o r a t e i n c o r p o r a t e d o u t s i d e I n d i a u n l e s s e x e m p t a s i n Para 2.3 . C A R O , 2 0 2 0 w o u l d a p p l y t o a f o r e i g n c o m p a n y w h e r e v e r u n d e r a n y p r o -v i s i o n o f t h e A c t a n a u d i t u n d e r C h a p t e r X o f t h e A c t i s r e q u i r e d t o b e c a r r i e d o u t . T h i s o p i n i o n i s b a s e d o n I C A I ’ s v i e w s e x p r e s s e d i n t h e c o n t e x t o f s i m i l a r r e q u i r e m e n t i n P a r a 1 ( 2 ) o f C A R O , 2 0 1 6 . 2.2-1a Electronic mode - R u l e 2 ( 1 ) ( h ) o f t h e Companies (Specification of Definitions Details) Rules, 2014 p r o v i d e s t h a t “ e l e c t r o n i c m o d e ” , f o r t h e p u r p o s e s o f c l a u s e ( 42 ) o f s e c t i o n 2 o f t h e A c t , m e a n s c a r r y i n g o u t e l e c -t r o n i c a l l y b a s e d , w h e t h e r m a i n s e r v e r i s i n s t a l l e d i n I n d i a o r n o t , i n c l u d i n g , b u t n o t l i m i t e d t o — ( i ) b u s i n e s s t o b u s i n e s s a n d b u s i n e s s t o c o n s u m e r t r a n s a c t i o n s , d a t a i n t e r c h a n g e a n d o t h e r d i g i t a l s u p p l y t r a n s a c t i o n s ; ( ii ) o f f e r i n g t o a c c e p t d e p o s i t s o r i n v i t i n g d e p o s i t s o r a c c e p t i n g d e p o s i t s o r s u b s c r i p t i o n s i n s e c u r i t i e s , i n I n d i a o r f r o m c i t i z e n s o f I n d i a ; ( iii ) fi n a n c i a l s e t t l e m e n t s , w e b b a s e d m a r k e t i n g , a d v i s o r y a n d t r a n s a c t i o n a l s e r v i c e s , d a t a b a s e s e r v i c e s a n d p r o d u c t s , s u p p l y c h a i n m a n a g e m e n t ; 13 C O M P A N I E S T O W H I C H C A R O , 2 0 2 0 A P P L I E S Para 2.2
  • 25. ( iv ) o n l i n e s e r v i c e s s u c h a s t e l e m a r k e t i n g , t e l e c o m m u t i n g , t e l e m e d i c i n e , e d u c a t i o n a n d i n f o r m a t i o n r e s e a r c h ; a n d ( v ) a l l r e l a t e d d a t a c o m m u n i c a t i o n s e r v i c e s , w h e t h e r c o n d u c t e d b y e - m a i l , m o b i l e d e v i c e s , s o c i a l m e d i a , c l o u d c o m -p u t i n g , d o c u m e n t m a n a g e m e n t , v o i c e o r d a t a t r a n s m i s s i o n o r o t h e r w i s e . 2.2-1b Carrying out business activity in India - R u l e 3 o f t h e Companies (Registration Offices and Fees) Rules, 2014 p r o v i d e s t h a t e v e r y c o m p a n y i n c l u d i n g f o r e i g n c o m p a n y w h i c h c a r r i e s o u t i t s b u s i n e s s t h r o u g h e l e c t r o n i c m o d e , w h e t h e r i t s m a i n s e r v e r i s i n s t a l l e d i n I n d i a o r o u t s i d e I n d i a , w h i c h — ( i ) u n d e r t a k e s b u s i n e s s t o b u s i n e s s a n d b u s i n e s s t o c o n s u m e r t r a n s a c -t i o n s , d a t a i n t e r c h a n g e o r o t h e r d i g i t a l s u p p l y t r a n s a c t i o n s ; ( ii ) o f f e r s t o a c c e p t d e p o s i t s o r i n v i t e s d e p o s i t s o r a c c e p t s d e p o s i t s o r s u b s c r i p t i o n s i n s e c u r i t i e s , i n I n d i a o r f r o m c i t i z e n s o f I n d i a ; ( iii ) u n d e r t a k e s fi n a n c i a l s e t t l e m e n t s , w e b b a s e d m a r k e t i n g , a d v i s o r y a n d t r a n s a c t i o n a l s e r v i c e s , d a t a b a s e s e r v i c e s o r p r o d u c t s , s u p p l y c h a i n m a n a g e m e n t ; ( iv ) o f f e r s o n l i n e s e r v i c e s s u c h a s t e l e m a r k e t i n g , t e l e c o m m u t i n g , t e l e -m e d i c i n e , e d u c a t i o n a n d i n f o r m a t i o n r e s e a r c h ; o r ( v ) u n d e r t a k e s a n y o t h e r r e l a t e d d a t a c o m m u n i c a t i o n s e r v i c e s , w h e t h e r c o n d u c t e d b y e - m a i l , m o b i l e d e v i c e s , s o c i a l m e d i a , c l o u d c o m p u t -i n g , d o c u m e n t m a n a g e m e n t , v o i c e o r d a t a t r a n s m i s s i o n o r o t h e r w i s e , s h a l l b e d e e m e d t o h a v e c a r r i e d o u t b u s i n e s s i n I n d i a . 2.2-1c Liaison Office of a foreign body corporate - i s a f o r e i g n c o m p a n y . H e n c e , t h e O r d e r w o u l d a p p l y t o i t . [ I C A I ’ s v i e w s g i v e n u n d e r C A R O , 2 0 0 3 ] 2.2-2 Applicability of CARO, 2020 to audit of branches of a company I t m a y b e n o t e d t h a t a c c o r d i n g t o s e c t i o n 2 ( 14 ) , t h e t e r m “ b r a n c h o f fi c e ” m e a n s a n y e s t a b l i s h m e n t d e s c r i b e d a s s u c h b y t h e c o m p a n y . T h u s , t h e 2 0 1 3 A c t l e a v e s i t t o t h e c o m p a n y t o d e s i g n a t e o r u n d e s i g n a t e a n y e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f t h e c o m p a n y a s b r a n c h o f fi c e . MCA’s Letter: No. 8/16(1)/61-PR, dated 9-5-1961, i s s u e d u n d e r t h e 1 9 5 6 A c t p r o v i d e s t h a t i f a n e s t a b l i s h m e n t i s n o t t h e b r a n c h o f fi c e o f a c o m p a n y , i t w i l l f o r m p a r t o f t h e h e a d o f fi c e a n d w i l l b e d e a l t w i t h a s s u c h f o r a u d i t a n d o t h e r p u r p o s e s . S e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 8 ) o f t h e A c t p r o v i d e s t h a t t h e d u t i e s a n d p o w e r s o f t h e b r a n c h a u d i t o r , i f a n y , s h a l l b e s u c h a s m a y b e p r e s c r i b e d . R u l e 1 2 o f t h e Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014 p r o v i d e s a s u n d e r : ( 1 ) F o r t h e p u r p o s e s o f s u b - s e c t i o n ( 8 ) o f s e c t i o n 1 4 3 , t h e d u t i e s a n d p o w e r s o f t h e c o m p a n y ’ s a u d i t o r w i t h r e f e r e n c e t o t h e a u d i t o f t h e b r a n c h a n d t h e b r a n c h a u d i t o r , i f a n y , s h a l l b e a s c o n t a i n e d i n s u b - s e c t i o n s ( 1 ) t o ( 4 ) o f s e c t i o n 1 4 3 . [ r u l e 1 2 ( 1 ) ] Para 2.2 A P P L I C A B I L I T Y O F C A R O , 2 0 2 0 14
  • 26. ( 2 ) T h e b r a n c h a u d i t o r s h a l l s u b m i t h i s r e p o r t t o t h e c o m p a n y ’ s a u d i t o r . [ r u l e 1 2 ( 2 ) ] ( 3 ) T h e p r o v i s i o n s o f s u b - s e c t i o n ( 1 2 ) o f s e c t i o n 1 4 3 r e a d w i t h r u l e 1 2 ( sic : R u l e 1 3 ) h e r e u n d e r r e g a r d i n g r e p o r t i n g o f f r a u d b y t h e a u d i t o r s h a l l a l s o e x t e n d t o s u c h b r a n c h a u d i t o r t o t h e e x t e n t i t r e l a t e s t o t h e c o n c e r n e d b r a n c h . [ r u l e 1 2 ( 3 ) ] I t c a n b e s e e n f r o m R u l e 1 2 t h a t s u b - s e c t i o n s ( 1 ) t o ( 4 ) a n d s u b - s e c t i o n ( 1 2 ) o f s e c t i o n 1 4 3 h a v e b e e n e x p r e s s l y m a d e a p p l i c a b l e t o b r a n c h a u d i t o r s . S u b - s e c t i o n ( 1 1 ) h a s n o t b e e n m a d e s o a p p l i c a b l e . T h e r e f o r e , i t a p p e a r s t h a t C A R O , 2 0 2 0 w h i c h h a s b e e n i s s u e d b y t h e C e n t r a l G o v t . u n d e r s e c t i o n 1 4 3 ( 1 1 ) s h a l l n o t a p p l y t o a u d i t o f b r a n c h e s o f a c o m p a n y . P a r a 1 0 o f I C A I ’ s o f t h e G u i d a n c e N o t e o n C A R O , 2 0 1 6 h o w e v e r o p i n e s t h a t t h e O r d e r s h a l l a l s o a p p l y t o t h e a u d i t s o f b r a n c h ( e s ) o f a c o m p a n y “ s i n c e s u b - s e c t i o n ( 8 ) o f s e c t i o n 1 4 3 o f t h e A c t r e a d w i t h R u l e 1 2 o f t h e Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014 clearly specifies that a branch auditor has the same duties in respect of audit as the company’s auditor ” . T h e r e f o r e , t h e r e p o r t s u b m i t t e d b y t h e b r a n c h a u d i t o r s h o u l d c o n t a i n a s t a t e m e n t o n a l l t h e m a t t e r s s p e c i fi e d i n t h e O r d e r , a s a p p l i c a b l e t o t h e c o m p a n y , e x c e p t w h e r e t h e c o m p a n y i s e x e m p t f r o m t h e a p p l i c a b i l i t y o f t h e O r d e r , t o e n a b l e t h e c o m p a n y ’ s a u d i t o r t o c o n s i d e r t h e s a m e w h i l e c o m p l y i n g w i t h t h e p r o -v i s i o n s o f t h e O r d e r . I t i s s u b m i t t e d w i t h g r e a t r e s p e c t t h a t t h e a b o v e v i e w i n t h e G u i d a n c e N o t e n e e d s r e c o n s i d e r a t i o n . T h e “ b r a n c h a u d i t o r h a s t h e s a m e d u t i e s … a s t h e c o m p a n y ’ s a u d i t o r ” i s t h e l e g a l p o s i t i o n e n u n c i a t e d b y t h e C o m p a n i e s A c t , 1 9 5 6 i n s e c t i o n 2 2 8 ( 3 ) ( b ) a n d i s n o t c o n t a i n e d i n a n y p r o v i s i o n i n t h e C o m p a n i e s A c t , 2 0 1 3 o r t h e r u l e s t h e r e u n d e r . 2.3 Exemption of companies from CARO, 2020 U n c o n d i t i o n a l e x e m p -t i o n s [ P a r a 1 ( 2 ) ( i ) t o ( iv ) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 ] C o n d i t i o n a l e x e m p t i o n t o p r i v a t e l i m i t e d c o m p a n i e s [ P a r a 1 ( 2 ) ( v ) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 ] C o m p a n i e s e x e m p t f r o m C A R O , 2 0 2 0 C A R O , 2 0 2 0 d o e s n o t a p p l y t o — ( i ) a b a n k i n g c o m p a n y ; [ P a r a 1 ( 2 ) ( i ) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 ] ( ii ) a n i n s u r a n c e c o m p a n y ; [ P a r a 1 ( 2 ) ( ii ) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 ] 15 E X E M P T I O N O F C O M P A N I E S F R O M C A R O , 2 0 2 0 Para 2.3
  • 27. ( iii ) a c o m p a n y l i c e n s e d t o o p e r a t e u n d e r s e c t i o n 8 o f t h e C o m p a n i e s A c t ; [ P a r a 1 ( 2 ) ( iii ) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 ] [ Para 2.3-1 ] ( iv ) a O n e P e r s o n C o m p a n y a s d e fi n e d u n d e r c l a u s e ( 6 2 ) o f s e c t i o n 2 o f t h e C o m p a n i e s A c t [ P a r a 1 ( 2 ) ( iv ) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 ] [ Para 2.3-2 ] ( v ) a s m a l l c o m p a n y a s d e fi n e d u n d e r c l a u s e ( 8 5 ) o f s e c t i o n 2 o f t h e C o m p a n i e s A c t [ P a r a 1 ( 2 ) ( iv ) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 ] ; [ Para 2.3-3 ] a n d ( vi ) a p r i v a t e l i m i t e d c o m p a n y w h i c h i s n e i t h e r a h o l d i n g c o m p a n y n o r a s u b s i d i a r y o f a p u b l i c c o m p a n y w h i c h s a t i s fi e s s p e c i fi e d c o n d i t i o n s [ P a r a 1 ( 2 ) ( v ) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 ] [ Paras 2.3-4 t o 2.3-8 ] I C A I h a d c l a r i fi e d t h a t C A R O , 2 0 0 3 i s n o t a p p l i c a b l e t o a n N B F C ( N o n - B a n k -i n g F i n a n c i a l C o m p a n y ) w h i c h c o n v e r t s i t s e l f i n t o a b a n k i n g c o m p a n y a n d i s a b a n k i n g c o m p a n y a s a t t h e b a l a n c e s h e e t d a t e . I t i s o p i n e d t h a t t h i s c l a r i fi c a t i o n w o u l d h o l d g o o d u n d e r C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a l s o . P a r a 1 2 o f I C A I ’ s G u i d a n c e N o t e o n C A R O , 2 0 1 6 c l a r i fi e s t h a t t h e a p p l i c a b i l i t y o f C A R O , 2 0 1 6 w o u l d d e p e n d o n t h e s t a t u s o f t h e c o m p a n y a s a t t h e b a l a n c e s h e e t d a t e . T h i s c l a r i fi c a t i o n i n t h e c o n t e x t o f C A R O , 2 0 1 6 w o u l d h o l d g o o d u n d e r C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a l s o a s p r o v i s i o n s o f p a r a 1 ( 2 ) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a r e s i m i l a r t o P a r a 1 ( 2 ) o f C A R O , 2 0 1 6 . B y w a y o f a n a l o g y , i t i s o p i n e d t h a t C A R O , 2 0 2 0 w o u l d n o t a p p l y t o a p r i v a t e l i m i t e d c o m p a n y w h i c h c o n v e r t s i t s e l f t o a L i m i t e d L i a b i l i t y P a r t n e r s h i p ( L L P ) a n d i s a L L P a s a t t h e b a l a n c e s h e e t d a t e . T h i s w o u l d h o l d e q u a l l y g o o d f o r a n u n l i s t e d p u b l i c c o m p a n y w h i c h c o n v e r t s i t s e l f i n t o a L L P a n d i s a n L L P a s a t t h e b a l a n c e s h e e t d a t e . T h e C o m p a n i e s m e n t i o n e d i n ( i ) t o ( v ) a b o v e a r e a b s o l u t e l y a n d u n c o n d i -t i o n a l l y e x e m p t f r o m C A R O , 2 0 2 0 . I t d o e s n o t m a t t e r w h e t h e r a c o m p a n y f a l l i n g u n d e r ( i ) t o ( v ) a b o v e i s a p u b l i c c o m p a n y o r a p r i v a t e c o m p a n y . B y d e fi n i t i o n , a n O P C o r a s m a l l c o m p a n y c a n n o t b e a p u b l i c c o m p a n y . T h u s , a p u b l i c c o m p a n y w h i c h f a l l s u n d e r c a t e g o r i e s ( i ) t o ( iii ) a b o v e w o u l d b e e x e m p t f r o m C A R O , 2 0 2 0 u n c o n d i t i o n a l l y . F u r t h e r , a p r i v a t e l i m i t e d c o m p a n y w h i c h f a l l s i n a n y o f t h e c a t e g o r i e s ( i ) t o ( v ) a b o v e w i l l b e e x e m p t r e g a r d l e s s o f w h e t h e r i t s a t i s fi e s t h e c o n -d i t i o n s s p e c i fi e d f o r e x e m p t i o n i n P a r a 1 ( 2 ) ( v ) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 [ See Para 2.3-4 ] F o r i n s t a n c e i f a p r i v a t e l i m i t e d c o m p a n y i s a n O P C o r a s m a l l c o m p a n y o r a s e c t i o n 8 c o m p a n y , i t w o u l d b e e x e m p t f r o m C A R O , 2 0 2 0 i r r e s p e c t i v e o f w h e t h e r t h e c o n d i t i o n s s p e c i fi e d f o r e x e m p t i o n i n P a r a 1 ( 2 ) ( v ) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 a r e s a t i s fi e d o r n o t . T h e G u i d a n c e N o t e o n C A R O , 2 0 1 6 c l a r i fi e s t h a t a s m a l l c o m p a n y i s e x e m p t f r o m t h e a p p l i c a b i l i t y o f t h e O r d e r e v e n i f i t f a l l s u n d e r a n y o f t h e c r i t e r i a ( i.e. e x c e e d i n g a n y o f t h e t h r e s h o l d l i m i t s s p e c i fi e d i n P a r a 1 ( 2 ) ( v ) o f t h e O r d e r ) s p e c i fi e d f o r p r i v a t e c o m p a n y . F u r t h e r , a p r i v a t e u n l i m i t e d c o m p a n y s h a l l b e e x e m p t e d f r o m Para 2.3 A P P L I C A B I L I T Y O F C A R O , 2 0 2 0 16
  • 28. C A R O , 2 0 2 0 o n l y i f i t f a l l s i n a n y o f t h e c a t e g o r i e s i n ( i ) t o ( v ) a b o v e . F o r i n s t a n c e , a p r i v a t e u n l i m i t e d c o m p a n y w h i c h i s a ‘ s m a l l c o m p a n y ’ s h a l l b e e x e m p t f r o m C A R O , 2 0 2 0 . I n t h e c a s e o f c o m p a n i e s w h i c h a r e e x e m p t f r o m t h e O r d e r u n c o n d i t i o n -a l l y i.e. , b a n k i n g c o m p a n i e s , i n s u r a n c e c o m p a n i e s , c o m p a n i e s l i c e n s e d t o o p e r a t e u n d e r s e c t i o n 8 o f t h e C o m p a n i e s A c t , 2 0 1 3 , O P C s a n d s m a l l c o m -p a n i e s , t h e r e i s n o n e e d t o m e n t i o n a n y t h i n g a b o u t t h e e x e m p t i o n i n t h e a u d i t r e p o r t . H o w e v e r , i n t h e c a s e o f a p r i v a t e l i m i t e d c o m p a n y w h i c h i s t r e a t e d a s e x e m p t b y v i r t u e o f c o m p l i a n c e w i t h c o n d i t i o n s i n p a r a 1 ( 2 ) ( v ) o f t h e O r d e r , i t w o u l d b e a d v i s a b l e t o m e n t i o n i n t h e a u d i t r e p o r t t h a t t h e c o m p a n y i s e x e m p t e d f r o m t h e a p p l i c a b i l i t y o f t h e O r d e r . 2.3-1 Company licensed to operate under section 8 of the Act P a r a 1 ( 2 ) ( iii ) o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 e x e m p t s c o m p a n i e s l i c e n s e d u n d e r s e c t i o n 8 o f t h e A c t f r o m t h e a p p l i c a b i l i t y o f t h e O r d e r . A q u e s t i o n a r i s e s w h e t h e r c o m p a n i e s l i c e n s e d u n d e r t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g p r o v i s i o n s o f t h e C o m p a n i e s A c t , 1 9 5 6 ( s e c t i o n 2 5 c o m p a n i e s ) w o u l d a l s o b e e x e m p t i n t e r m s o f P a r a 1 ( 2 ) ( iii ) ? S e c t i o n 4 6 5 ( 2 ) ( g ) o f t h e A c t p r o v i d e s t h a t n o t w i t h s t a n d i n g t h e r e p e a l o f t h e C o m p a n i e s A c t , 1 9 5 6 , t h e i n c o r p o r a t i o n o f c o m p a n i e s r e g i s -t e r e d u n d e r t h a t A c t “ s h a l l c o n t i n u e t o b e v a l i d a n d t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f t h i s A c t s h a l l a p p l y t o s u c h c o m p a n i e s a s i f t h e y w e r e r e g i s t e r e d u n d e r t h i s A c t ” . I n v i e w o f t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f s e c t i o n 4 6 5 o f t h e A c t , i t a p p e a r s t h a t t h e e x e m p t i o n i n P a r a 1 ( 2 ) ( iii ) w o u l d a l s o a p p l y t o s e c t i o n 2 5 c o m p a n i e s . [ SeeP a r a 1 3 o f t h e G u i d a n c e N o t e ] A q u e s t i o n a r i s e s w h a t i f c o m p a n y i s i n t o c h a r i t a b l e a c t i v i t i e s b u t w a s n o t l i c e n s e d u n d e r s e c t i o n 8 o f t h e A c t b u t o b t a i n s s u c h l i c e n s e b e f o r e t h e b a l a n c e s h e e t d a t e ? W o u l d s u c h c o m p a n y b e e x e m p t f r o m C A R O , 2 0 2 0 s i n c e i t i s a s e c t i o n 8 c o m p a n y a s a t t h e b a l a n c e s h e e t d a t e ? P a r a 1 2 o f t h e G u i d a n c e N o t e c l a r i fi e s t h a t a p p l i c a b i l i t y o f C A R O , 2 0 2 0 w o u l d d e p e n d o n t h e s t a t u s o f t h e c o m p a n y a s t h e b a l a n c e s h e e t d a t e . I n v i e w o f t h i s , t h e c o m p a n y w o u l d b e e x e m p t f r o m C A R O , 2 0 2 0 i n t e r m s o f P a r a 1 ( 2 ) ( iii ) o f t h e O r d e r . 2.3-2 Definition of ‘One Person Company’ (OPC) S e c t i o n 2 ( 62 ) o f t h e A c t d e fi n e s ‘ O n e P e r s o n C o m p a n y ’ t o m e a n a c o m p a n y w i t h o n l y o n e p e r s o n a s i t s m e m b e r . ‘ O n e P e r s o n C o m p a n y ’ ( O P C ) i s n o t t o b e c o n f u s e d w i t h ‘ O n e M a n C o m p a n i e s ’ . I n O P C , t h e s o l i t a r y m e m b e r h o l d s 1 0 0 % o f t h e s h a r e c a p i t a l . R u l e s 3 t o 6 o f t h e Companies (Incorporation) Rules, 2014 , d e a l w i t h t h e p r o c e d u r a l m a t t e r s . O n e p e r s o n c o m p a n y i s c a t e g o r i z e d a s a p r i v a t e 17 E X E M P T I O N O F C O M P A N I E S F R O M C A R O , 2 0 2 0 Para 2.3
  • 29. c o m p a n y b y s e c t i o n 3 ( 1 ) ( c ) o f t h e A c t w h i c h u s e s t h e w o r d s “ o n e p e r s o n , w h e r e t h e c o m p a n y t o b e f o r m e d i s a One Person Company that is to say, a private company ” . S e c t i o n 2 ( 68 ) o f t h e A c t w h i c h d e fi n e s a p r i v a t e c o m p a n y r e q u i r e s t h a t t h e p r i v a t e c o m p a n y s h o u l d inter alia b y i t s a r -t i c l e s “ e x c e p t i n t h e c a s e o f a O n e P e r s o n C o m p a n y ” l i m i t i t s n u m b e r o f m e m b e r s t o 2 0 0 . I f O P C w a s n o t c o v e r e d b y d e fi n i t i o n o f p r i v a t e c o m p a n y , t h e r e w a s n o n e e d t o u s e t h e w o r d s “ e x c e p t i n t h e c a s e o f a O n e P e r s o n C o m p a n y ” i n s e c t i o n 2 ( 68 ) o f t h e A c t . T h u s , i n v i e w o f s e c t i o n s 3 ( 1 ) ( c ) a n d 2 ( 68 ) o f t h e A c t , “ p r i v a t e c o m p a n y ” i s t h e genus a n d “ O P C ” i s a ‘species’ o f p r i v a t e c o m p a n y . T h e r e f o r e , i t a p p e a r s t h a t O P C w i l l h a v e t o s a t i s f y t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f s e c t i o n 2 ( 68 ) w h i c h a p p l i e s t o p r i v a t e c o m p a n i e s e x c e p t t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s r e g a r d i n g n u m b e r o f m e m b e r s n o t e x c e e d i n g 2 0 0 . T h e r e a s o n w h y O P C n e e d n o t l i m i t t h e m a x i m u m n u m b e r o f m e m b e r s t o 2 0 0 b y i t s a r t i c l e s i s t h a t i t w i l l n o t h a v e m o r e t h a n o n e m e m b e r . R u l e 6 o f t h e Companies (Incorporation) Rules, 2014 p r o v i d e s a s u n d e r : 1 . W h e r e t h e p a i d u p s h a r e c a p i t a l o f a n O n e P e r s o n C o m p a n y e x c e e d s fi f t y l a k h r u p e e s a n d i t s a v e r a g e a n n u a l t u r n o v e r d u r i n g t h e r e l e v a n t p e r i o d e x c e e d s t w o c r o r e r u p e e s , i t s h a l l c e a s e t o b e e n t i t l e d t o c o n -t i n u e a s a O n e P e r s o n C o m p a n y . 2 . S u c h O n e P e r s o n C o m p a n y s h a l l b e r e q u i r e d t o c o n v e r t i t s e l f , w i t h i n s i x m o n t h s o f t h e d a t e o n w h i c h i t s p a i d u p s h a r e c a p i t a l i s i n c r e a s e d b e y o n d fi f t y l a k h r u p e e s o r t h e l a s t d a y o f t h e r e l e v a n t p e r i o d d u r i n g w h i c h i t s a v e r a g e a n n u a l t u r n o v e r e x c e e d s t w o c r o r e r u p e e s a s t h e c a s e m a y b e , i n t o e i t h e r a p r i v a t e c o m p a n y w i t h m i n i m u m o f t w o m e m b e r s a n d t w o d i r e c t o r s o r a p u b l i c c o m p a n y w i t h a t l e a s t o f s e v e n m e m b e r s a n d t h r e e d i r e c t o r s i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f s e c t i o n 1 8 o f t h e A c t . 3 . T h e O n e P e r s o n C o m p a n y s h a l l a l t e r i t s m e m o r a n d u m a n d a r t i c l e s b y p a s s i n g a r e s o l u t i o n i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h s u b - s e c t i o n ( 3 ) o f s e c t i o n 1 2 2 o f t h e A c t t o g i v e e f f e c t t o t h e c o n v e r s i o n a n d t o m a k e n e c e s s a r y c h a n g e s i n c i d e n t a l t h e r e t o . 4 . T h e O n e P e r s o n C o m p a n y s h a l l w i t h i n p e r i o d o f s i x t y d a y s f r o m t h e d a t e o f a p p l i c a b i l i t y o f ( 1 ) a b o v e , g i v e a n o t i c e t o t h e R e g i s t r a r i n F o r m N o . I N C . 5 i n f o r m i n g t h a t i t h a s c e a s e d t o b e a O n e P e r s o n C o m p a n y a n d t h a t i t i s n o w r e q u i r e d t o c o n v e r t i t s e l f i n t o a p r i v a t e c o m p a n y o r a p u b l i c c o m p a n y b y v i r t u e o f i t s p a i d u p s h a r e c a p i t a l o r a v e r a g e a n n u a l t u r n o v e r , h a v i n g e x c e e d e d t h e t h r e s h o l d l i m i t l a i d d o w n i n ( 1 ) a b o v e . Note : “ R e l e v a n t p e r i o d ” m e a n s t h e p e r i o d o f i m m e d i a t e l y p r e c e d i n g t h r e e c o n s e c u t i v e fi n a n c i a l y e a r s . Para 2.3 A P P L I C A B I L I T Y O F C A R O , 2 0 2 0 18